Coleta de amostra de solo para análise - Como fazer

Summary

This video explains the importance of soil analysis for assessing its nutritional state, which is essential for effective farming. Researcher Evandro from the Center for Family Agriculture discusses proper soil sampling techniques and the right timing based on crop types (annual, perennial, and forage crops). He outlines the recommended soil depths for different agricultural needs, tools used for collection, and the process of homogenizing samples before sending them to a lab. The video also highlights how farmers can prepare and submit their samples for analysis to optimize fertilization and farming practices.

Takeaways

• 🧪 The health of soil, like human health, requires analysis through soil samples to understand its nutritional state.
• 🌱 Soil analysis helps farmers estimate fertilizer costs and predict yield based on nutritional levels.
• 📅 For annual crops (e.g., maize, beans, soybeans), soil sampling can be done at any convenient time for the farmer.
• 🌿 For forage crops, sampling should be done up to three months before the peak vegetative growth.
• 🍊 For perennial crops (e.g., citrus, peaches), sampling should be done either before planting seedlings or after harvesting.
• 📏 The ideal soil sampling depth varies: 0-20 cm for new annual crops, 0-10 cm for established direct planting areas, and 0-50 cm for physical analysis in agricultural costing.
• 🏞 Farmers should divide their land into homogeneous areas for sampling, based on topography (e.g., hilltops, slopes, flat areas).
• 🔧 Soil can be collected using tools like an auger or even a sharp spade, depending on availability.
• 🔄 For accurate results, 15-20 samples should be taken per homogeneous area, covering around 10-15 hectares.
• 📦 After collection, the samples should be homogenized and a portion of around 300 grams sent to the lab for analysis, including all relevant identification details.

Q & A

What is the purpose of soil analysis?

Soil analysis is conducted to understand the nutritional state of the soil, which helps farmers manage their use of fertilizers based on expected yield.

Who is the speaker in the script?

The speaker is Evandro, a researcher in the area of soils at the Center for Research in Family Agriculture.

What is the best way to diagnose the nutritional state of the soil?

The best way to diagnose the nutritional state of the soil is by collecting soil samples and analyzing them in a laboratory.

What is the ideal time for soil sampling for annual crops?

The ideal time for soil sampling for annual crops is when the farmer has the most convenience to perform the collection process.

When should soil sampling be done for forage crops?

For forage crops, it is ideal to collect soil samples up to three months before the maximum vegetative growth.

What is the ideal time for soil sampling for perennial crops?

For perennial crops, such as citrus and peach trees, the ideal time for soil sampling is before planting the seedlings or after harvesting the fruits.

What is the ideal depth for soil sampling for annual crops?

For annual crops, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 20 centimeters.

What is the ideal depth for soil sampling in established pastures?

For established pastures, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 10 centimeters.

What is the ideal depth for soil sampling when physical analysis is required?

When physical analysis is required, such as for agricultural costing or environmental licensing, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 50 centimeters.

How should a farmer divide their property for soil sampling?

A farmer should divide their property into as homogeneous areas as possible for soil sampling.

What is the ideal tool for soil sampling?

Any available tool can be used for soil sampling, such as a tractor or a shovel, as long as it is clean and does not mix the soil.

How many samples should be collected for each homogeneous area?

It is ideal to collect between 15 to 20 similar procedures for each homogeneous area within a range of 10 to 15 hectares.

What is the required amount of soil to send to the laboratory for analysis?

A well-organized and well-isolated sample of 300 grams of soil is sufficient for the analytical process.

What information should be included in the packaging when sending soil to the laboratory?

The packaging should include the producer's name, CPF, address, area reference, and geographical coordinates, which may be necessary depending on the type of use.

What is the turnaround time for soil analysis results?

From October to mid-April, results are usually available by the following Friday if the sample arrives on a Friday or Monday. From mid-April to the end of September, it can take up to 20-30 days.