Software Testing Tutorial #6 - Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Summary
TLDRThis tutorial explains the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which outlines the steps followed in software development. It covers key phases: requirement gathering, analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. The video emphasizes how each phase is critical to delivering a successful software product, with a focus on different approaches like Waterfall, V-Model, and Agile. The instructor also touches on how SDLC phases are foundational for understanding the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC), making it essential for software testers to grasp these concepts.
Takeaways
- 🛠️ Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) refers to the process followed to develop, deliver, and maintain software.
- 📋 The first phase is Requirement Gathering and Analysis, where customer needs are collected and analyzed for feasibility.
- 🎨 The second phase is the Design phase, where technical architects create a blueprint based on the requirements.
- 💻 The third phase is Development, where the design is implemented through coding by the development team.
- 🔍 The fourth phase is Testing, where testers ensure that the developed features work as expected in a testing environment.
- 🚀 The fifth phase is Deployment, where the software is moved to production for customer use.
- 🔧 The final phase is Maintenance, where the software is regularly updated and bugs or issues are addressed after deployment.
- 🏗️ SDLC phases remain consistent across different development models (e.g., Waterfall, V-Model, Agile) but vary in timeline and execution.
- ⏱️ Waterfall follows a longer timeline with distinct phases, while Agile involves shorter iterations and frequent releases.
- 📱 Maintenance ensures that software remains functional and up-to-date, handling issues reported by customers post-deployment.
Q & A
What is the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC)?
-The Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is the set of processes that a software development team follows to develop, deploy, and maintain software. It encompasses the steps from gathering requirements to maintaining the software after its release.
What is the purpose of the requirement gathering phase in SDLC?
-The purpose of the requirement gathering phase is to collect and document all the features and requirements that the customer wants in the software. This information is then used to guide the development of the software.
Why is the analysis phase important in the SDLC?
-The analysis phase is important because it involves assessing whether the requirements gathered from the customer are feasible. It includes a feasibility analysis to determine if the technology and resources can meet the requirements.
What happens during the design phase of SDLC?
-During the design phase, the technical architects create a blueprint for how the software will be built. This phase is crucial for defining the structure and design of the system, ensuring that it aligns with the customer's requirements.
What is the role of the development phase in SDLC?
-The development phase is where the actual coding of the software takes place. The development team uses the design specifications to start building the software by writing the necessary code to implement the gathered requirements.
What is the importance of the testing phase in SDLC?
-The testing phase ensures that the developed features work as expected. Testers verify the functionality of the software to identify and fix any issues or bugs before the software is deployed to production.
What does deployment mean in the context of SDLC?
-Deployment refers to moving the developed and tested software into the production environment, where the intended users can access and use it. In some cases, deployment may be to a specific set of customers, while in others, it may be made available to the wider public.
Why is the maintenance phase necessary after deployment?
-The maintenance phase ensures that the software continues to function properly after deployment. It includes activities like regular updates, fixing any new issues that arise, and ensuring the system remains operational over time.
How does SDLC differ between the Waterfall and Agile models?
-In the Waterfall model, SDLC phases are followed sequentially, with longer timelines for each phase, often spanning months or even years. In Agile, the same phases exist but are completed in shorter iterations (2-4 weeks), with frequent updates and continuous delivery of features.
What is the relationship between Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) and Software Testing Lifecycle (STLC)?
-The Software Testing Lifecycle (STLC) is a subset of the SDLC. It focuses specifically on the testing activities within the larger development process, ensuring the quality and functionality of the software during the testing phase.
Outlines
💻 Introduction to Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
The video begins with an introduction to the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC), a systematic process for building and delivering software. The presenter emphasizes that understanding SDLC is crucial for anyone working in software development, especially testers. They highlight how SDLC applies to different approaches like the waterfall model and agile methodologies, such as Scrum. The presenter sets the stage for a deeper dive into SDLC phases and mentions that software testing lifecycle will be discussed in a future tutorial.
📋 Requirement Gathering and Analysis
The first phase of SDLC is requirement gathering and analysis. This phase involves collecting and documenting the customer's needs. The presenter uses the example of a company, ABC, receiving a project to build an app. The process involves gathering all the necessary features and documenting them in a requirement document (waterfall model) or user stories/epics (agile). The analysis phase includes feasibility checks, ensuring that the gathered requirements are technically achievable. If certain requirements are infeasible, this is communicated back to the customer for revision.
🖊 Design Phase: Laying the Foundation
The design phase comes after gathering and analyzing requirements. In this phase, technical architects design the software structure based on the requirements. Using an analogy of building a house, the presenter explains how the design lays out the blueprint of the software before coding begins. The customer must approve the design to ensure it aligns with their expectations. The phase is divided into high-level and low-level designs, covering the overall structure and detailed specifics of the system.
👨💻 Development Phase: Building the Software
The development phase, also known as the coding phase, is where the actual software development takes place. Once the design is ready, developers start writing code based on the agreed-upon structure. This phase is compared to building a house after the design and foundation are in place. Developers use the design blueprint to implement the requirements, translating them into functional features.
🔍 Testing Phase: Verifying the Software
In the testing phase, the software is tested by testers to ensure that it meets the defined requirements. The developed features are deployed in a testing environment, and the testing team verifies that the software works as expected. This phase ensures that the software is functioning correctly before it is released to the customer or moved to production. Testers play a crucial role in validating the functionality and identifying any defects.
🚀 Deployment Phase: Delivering the Software
The deployment phase involves moving the software from the testing environment to the production environment. This makes the software available to the customer or end-users. The presenter gives the example of Gmail, explaining how deployment ensures that the software is accessible to users globally. Deployment marks the official release of the software for customer use, ensuring that it is fully functional in the live environment.
🔧 Maintenance Phase: Keeping the Software Running
The final phase of SDLC is maintenance, which involves regular updates and fixes after the software has been deployed. Like servicing a car, software needs to be maintained to ensure smooth functionality. Any issues that arise in the production environment are addressed in this phase. Maintenance also includes bug fixes and performance improvements, ensuring that the software continues to meet the user’s needs over time.
📅 Applying SDLC Across Development Models
The presenter concludes by noting that the SDLC phases remain consistent across different software development models, including waterfall, V-model, and agile. The primary difference lies in the timelines. For instance, in agile, the phases occur in shorter, iterative cycles, whereas, in the waterfall model, they are carried out over longer periods. Regardless of the methodology, understanding the SDLC is crucial for any software development or testing professional.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
💡Requirement Gathering
💡Waterfall Development Approach
💡Agile Development Approach
💡Design Phase
💡Development Phase
💡Testing Phase
💡Deployment
💡Maintenance Phase
💡Feasibility Analysis
Highlights
Introduction to Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as a structured process for developing and delivering software.
Importance of understanding SDLC for software testing teams, as testing is a crucial part of the development process.
Overview of different software development approaches like Waterfall, V-model, and Agile and how SDLC applies to them.
First phase of SDLC: Requirement gathering and analysis – the process of gathering customer requirements and assessing feasibility.
Importance of documenting requirements and the difference between traditional requirements documentation in Waterfall and user stories/epics in Agile.
Second phase of SDLC: Design phase – involves technical architects creating high-level and low-level designs based on customer requirements.
Emphasis on the importance of verifying the design with the customer to ensure it meets expectations.
Third phase of SDLC: Development – the coding phase where the actual software is built based on the design.
Fourth phase of SDLC: Testing – testing the developed features in a test environment to ensure they meet the requirements.
Fifth phase of SDLC: Deployment – moving the tested code to production, making it available to the customers or end users.
Sixth phase of SDLC: Maintenance – involves regular maintenance and handling any issues reported by customers after deployment.
Key difference between Waterfall and Agile approaches is the timeline, with Waterfall having longer cycles and Agile operating in shorter iterations.
Agile focuses on delivering software incrementally with smaller, more frequent releases compared to the longer release cycles in Waterfall.
In Agile, design, development, and testing occur in short iterations, typically lasting 2-4 weeks.
Conclusion: Understanding SDLC is crucial for anyone working in software development or testing, as it forms the foundation of delivering quality software.
Transcripts
hello everyone welcome again in this
software testing tutorial
we are going to understand what is
software development lifecycle
or sdlc so software development
life cycle is the setup process that
you follow if you're working in any
software development team
to basically start developing the
software and deliver it
until the software is deployed and
maintained right
so the whole process is known as
software development lifecycle
now that process you need to understand
step by step what all phases are there
to develop any software or analyze the
requirement and then develop the
software and deliver it to the customer
or deploy in the production right so we
need to understand
if we want to work in the software
testing team we need to also understand
what software development life cycle is
and based on different you know
approaches will understand how
software development life cycle you know
is in different software development
approaches say for example waterfall
development approach how
sdlc is there and then if you are
following the
model how software development lifecycle
is in the viewmodel or in the agile
approach for example strong so let's
start with the software development
lifecycle
um so here i'll totally cover sdlc
and in the next tutorial i'll cover
software testing lifecycle which is sort
of
a subset of software development
lifecycle sdnc
fits within software development live
site
so the first phase in software
development lifecycle is
the requirement gathering okay so
requirement
gathering
and analysis
okay so what does the requirement
gathering means right so we'll
understand first requirement gathering
and then analysis so say for example
there is an organization uh abc
and this is the organization which takes
the software development project okay so
you will be you know having certain
teams there development teams
so team one two three and these
teams basically work on different
development projects
now any organization or any person
who is the customer who wants to build
something say for example
i am a customer and i want to build an
app
okay so what i'll do is i'll either if
i'm a big organization i'll
you know have a tendering and then i'll
announce that i want to build something
like this there will be multiple
organizations that will build and then
based on those bids i'll choose
the organization or the team that i want
to
give the project right so uh
now if i want to build an app or a
website
uh in the simplest form okay so
i'll provide some requirements to the
organization right so what
requirement gathering is basically once
this abc organization gets the project
and if i am the customer
then i will provide the requirements or
you know there will be team of people
basically in the customer
you know team so who will
provide the requirement to the
organization who wants to
build the software right or who will be
building the software for us
so those requirement when gathered by
this particular organization is known as
requirement gathering
okay so all the features that i want to
be in my app or in my website i will
provide those details and then
all the details will be documented okay
so all the details will be documented
and this is what the requirements
document is
in the waterfall approach this was a
lindy you know requirements document
but in agile it's in the form of user
stories or epics basically so epic will
be the high level user story
that is what captures the high level
requirement of the customer
okay so this is what a requirement
gathering
phase is when you gather the requirement
about the software what customer is
actually looking for
in or in terms of feature what the
customer is looking for into
the software or the app that you're
trying to build
then the analysis phase is basically
once you gather the requirement you also
analyze the requirement whether those
requirements are feasible or not
right so feasibility analysis is very
important so
once the customer provides a certain
requirement there might be some
limitations in terms of technology
support or any other
you know issues because of that
you might not be able to fulfill those
requirements or not be
able to implement those requirements so
in that particular case
what you need to do is you need to
basically analyze and understand that
whether those requirement implementation
is possible or not
if not you need to communicate that to
the customer about
the analysis and then there will be
discussion and
updates accordingly to the requirement
okay so this is about the requirement
gathering and analysis phase this is the
first phase of software development life
cycle
the next phase is the design phase all
right
what this design phase is all about so
once the requirement
are available in the design phase what
the technical architects do
is in the team you have the requirement
and based on those requirements you want
to basically
lay the foundation of how the software
will be built
right so say for example you want to
build a house okay
so the first thing you do is you design
how you want to build
right you don't directly start building
the house without
having a design and understanding how
the house will look like
so if a customer said that i want you
know three rooms in my house two
bathrooms
um you know two kitchen living room
so all those things need to be designed
properly
first and shown to the customer and uh
clarified from the customer
is this how you want to you know um is
this where you want your room to be
is this where you want your kitchen to
be right so same
is true with the software you need to
basically
first design based on what you have got
gathered as the requirement
and then analyze with the customer the
design that that's what exactly he's
want he wants
or she wants so similar is the case like
the car case
so i have the car a customer asked to
you know build a car with four wheels
and i have put four wheels here
right so this is not fit for you so i
need to basically have the design and
show it to customer whether you want
wheels here or whether you want wheels
here right so customer will say no no
this is not what i want
this car is not going to move right so i
want a car that moves so this is how you
clarify the requirement with the
customer
okay so in the design you design how the
overall
software is going to you know what the
design will look like
so technical architects do it and then
this is what the design
phases and in design there are different
phases
as well so high level design low level
design um
that is within the design phase
so that's the second phase third phase
is develop
now what happens in develop is
so development the development phase is
actually the coding phase
right so once you have the design ready
and you know what you are
going to build then you start the
development work or you start building
the house right so you have the design
you have the foundation laid
and then you know you start
putting the bricks and same is the case
with the
software so once the design is ready the
next phase is the development of coding
phase wherein the development team will
start
writing the code to implement those
requirements
okay the fourth phase is the
test okay so once the development is
done
and a development team has you know
created certain features or developed
certain features they will
provide those features or they'll deploy
those features
into the test environment for the
testers
to test okay now if you're you will be
working as a test
uh tester within team you will go to
that particular you know test
environment and
launch the application or the app and
verify
that whatever features or whatever
requirements are being built in this
particular release
they are working as expected right so
this is the
testing phase so in testing phase you do
the testing work for the
application or the app okay
then after the testing
is successful everything is fine and
stakeholders have agreed
to release the software the next phase
is
to basically deploy right
what does deployment so deploy means
deploying to production
so you won't be having all the code into
the testing right you have to basically
move it to production where the customer
can access or if it is for the public
user for example
gmail is the application which is used
by everyone right
all the public whoever has the gmail
account or wants to create a gmail
account
now if gmail google would have developed
and
just kept it there in their testing
environment and not available
over the internet then that's just
within their organization it's not
available to the public
now if it wants the the
customer for gmail are the people like
you and me
right so they have to move it to the
production over the internet
and this is what deployment is so in the
deployment they move the code to the
production
and make it available to the relevant
customer for
whom that software is being built so in
in gmail case it is for
us and that is why it is you know
deployed in the data centers
or the whole code and it is available
over the internet for us to
access the gmail emails all right so in
the deployment phase the actual code is
being deployed
for the customers who are going to use
it
it might be a set of customers or it
might be the wider public
all right so it depends what the context
is of that particular
software so after the deployment phase
the next phase is the maintenance
all right so in maintenance phase
once the deployment happens okay in the
production
the software needs to be maintained
right so for example you
buy a car you bring it it's a new car
after every six months you have to
service it right so it is required
because if you want to use
the car without any issues you have to
basically
take care of it you have to maintain and
you have to see that there are no issues
or there are there are every every
functionality or machinery is working as
expected
similarly in software you have to
basically ensure that you do that
maintenance or regular maintenance
um uh for the software so that it is
not it doesn't crash so say for example
the software
uh might try to do you know hardware
issues or
there might be you know issues within
the software itself so as we have
already understood about the seven
principles of software testing
so 100 testing is not possible and even
though
if you still can't find any more issues
in your software
it doesn't mean that the software that
deployed
that is deployed in the production is
100 defectory right
so you can't say that so in maintenance
phase what happens is you basically
regularly maintain the software
and you also fix any of the production
issues that come through right so once
the software is in the maintenance
you keep a watch on
what all issues are being reported by
the customers
and if there are critical issues or any
issues that are being reported by the
customer they
are being fixed and redeployed in the
production so this is what what happens
into the
maintenance phase right so these
are the key six uh so basically six
phases of software development life
cycle
and you need to understand the software
development life cycle
before you understand the software
testing life cycle
in the next tutorial that i'll cover
right so requirement gathering and
analysis
design development testing deploy and
maintenance very simple
it's a phase or a life cycle that
any development team will follow to
develop any software or application
right now these phases
this is uh you know will remain
true for waterfall for v model for an
even for agile right so in
agile uh you know you will have the
requirement gathering so this
is this won't happen in each and every
sprint but it will happen in you know
say for example two to three months or
in in a one
increment of program increment so there
will be requirement gathering phase
and then design development testing
testing will happen
design development testing happens in
very short iterations two to four week
cycle
but phases are still same so phases will
still be there
the only difference which happens
between these development approaches
is the timeline that you follow in
waterfall approach
it will be longer timelines in a child
it will be smaller timelines
in agile maintenance you know like
deployment
and maintenance or deployment to
production uh can happen every month
okay so it depends how the organization
wants to deploy to the production
okay but in waterfall it was usually
like six months to one year so it
depended
uh how the organization wants to deploy
the production waterfall approach
right so this is the basic software
development lifecycle
um understand it very well
if there are any doubts please comment
in the comment section
and i'll clarify all those doubts so
that you are good enough
to go ahead and explain it to any
interviewer
in the software testing interview so
that's all for this tutorial
please do share and subscribe and thank
you very much for watching
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