客观评价中国的马克思哲学 |社会发展“五阶段论”为何是错误的?|馬克思|資本主義|教材|社會主義|哲學|中國歷史|封建社会
Summary
TLDR视频讨论了马克思的五阶段社会发展理论,分析了中国和苏联对该理论的修改及其目的,并探讨了如何评估中国版马克思主义与马克思本人观点。视频指出,五阶段理论主要源自列宁和斯大林,而马克思本人并未将其视为普世法则,特别是对于东方社会如中国和印度的发展模式有不同看法。视频还讨论了马克思主义在现代中国和俄罗斯的吸引力,以及其在政治上的利用价值。
Takeaways
- 📘 马克思的五阶段社会发展理论被列宁和斯大林修改,形成了苏联和中国特有的社会发展阶段理论。
- 🌏 中国和苏联对马克思理论的修改目的是适应各自的社会政治需求,特别是在解释和指导国家的历史发展方向上。
- 📜 中国的政治教科书如《马克思主义基本原理》将社会发展划分为原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会和共产主义社会,这一划分被视为普遍适用的法则。
- 🔍 教科书强调社会发展的顺序性和阶段性,但也提到历史发展的曲折性和跳跃性,显示理论的灵活性和复杂性。
- 🇨🇳 中国的历史教科书将中国从夏代到清代的历史描绘为按照封建社会的线性发展,但马克思本人对于社会发展阶段的看法与此有较大差异。
- 📖 马克思的理论主要关注西欧的发展路径,他对亚洲的“亚洲生产方式”有所提及,认为亚洲的社会结构与西欧截然不同。
- 🏰 马克思批评亚洲历史的停滞性和集权体系,认为亚洲的传统结构阻碍了社会的动态发展和个体的自由。
- 💡 马克思并不认为中国和俄罗斯的革命与他的理论密切相关,他的理论更多地被用于批判和解构西方资本主义社会。
- 🌟 中国的马克思主义教科书强调反帝国主义和民族主义的观点,这一点吸引了中国知识分子,并加深了对西方的批判。
- 🔖 本视频讨论马克思理论如何被苏联和中国特定历史语境改造,并探讨这些改造的影响和现代意义。
Q & A
马克思的五阶段社会发展理论是什么?
-马克思的五阶段社会发展理论认为,社会历史可以划分为五种社会形态:原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会和共产主义社会。这些社会形态的依次更替是社会和历史运动的一般过程和普遍规律,展现了社会变革的统一性。
中国教科书如何应用五阶段理论来解释中国历史?
-在中国教科书中,根据五阶段理论,中国的历史被解释为:夏、商、周为奴隶社会,从秦朝到清朝为封建社会,明清时期为晚期封建社会,资本主义萌芽开始出现。这种解释将中国历史的整个发展过程线性地理解为按照五阶段理论的顺序发展。
苏联如何修改马克思的社会发展理论?
-苏联的列宁和斯大林对马克思的社会发展理论进行了修改,他们在社会主义社会之前的阶段划分为原始社会、奴隶制、农奴制和资本主义,并将这五种社会形态的依次演变解释为社会发展的普遍规律。
马克思本人是如何看待他自己的社会发展理论的普遍性的?
-马克思本人并不认为他的社会发展理论具有普遍性。他明确表示,这些社会发展阶段主要针对西欧的历史,而对于东方社会,如俄国、中国和印度,他认为它们采用的是与西欧完全不同的“亚细亚生产方式”,因此不能简单地应用同样的社会发展规律。
马克思对东方社会的基本特征有何看法?
-马克思认为东方社会的基本特征是生产力水平很低,主要以农业和家庭手工业为主,实行村社制度,土地所有权属于皇帝,普通人只有使用权。由于生产方式的封闭性,导致了静态的社会结构和集中的权威体制。
为什么中国和苏联会选择马克思主义作为国家的指导思想?
-中国和苏联选择马克思主义,是因为马克思主义在为其党的决策提供理论支持方面具有不可替代的优势。马克思主义作为一种西方非主流文化,批评西方文化,符合东方农业国家知识分子的心理需求。此外,马克思主张的阶级斗争和暴力革命理论,为一些国家通过暴力手段夺取政权提供了道德上的正当性。
视频中提到,马克思对中国和苏联的态度如何?
-视频中提到,马克思对中国和苏联持有贬低的态度,他认为这些东方社会不仅没有达到西欧的封建社会水平,而且处于更为原始和古老的停滞和衰败状态,需要被发达国家拯救才能摆脱停滞。
马克思如何看待资本主义的未来?
-马克思认为资本主义会陷入结构性危机,必然导致崩溃。他认为资本主义会导致技术停滞,并产生越来越贫困的工人阶级。然而,历史上的事实表明,资本主义并没有导致阶级极化,也没有必然导致技术停滞。
视频中提到的“亚细亚生产方式”有哪些特点?
-“亚细亚生产方式”的特点包括生产力水平低,生产方式主要是农业和家庭手工业,实行村社制度,土地所有权归皇帝所有,普通人仅有使用权。这种生产方式的封闭性导致了静态的社会结构和集中的权威体制。
马克思如何看待英国在印度的统治?
-马克思认为英国在印度的统治虽然出于卑鄙的利益,但客观上打破了印度的传统社会结构和村社制度,为印度带来了一系列灾难,同时也为印度的历史进步提供了条件。他认为,尽管英国东印度公司在印度犯下了罪行,但其行为客观上成为了历史进步的无意识工具。
视频中提到的“五阶段理论”的修改和应用有哪些问题?
-视频中提到,五阶段理论的应用存在问题,因为它过于绝对化,容易被质疑。尽管教科书中强调历史发展的曲折性和跃进性,但这种解释往往显得含糊不清,缺乏具体性。此外,五阶段理论的修改和应用往往带有强烈的政治宣传色彩,忽视了历史的复杂性和多样性。
Outlines
📚 马克思五阶段社会发展理论简介
该段落介绍了马克思的五阶段社会发展理论,包括原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会和共产主义社会。这一理论在中国和苏联的历史教科书中被广泛采用,用以解释人类社会的发展和变革。同时,也提到了这一理论在中国的普及程度,以及人们对它的普遍理解。此外,还讨论了中国和苏联是如何修改和发展这一理论的,以及这些修改背后的动机和目的。
🌏 马克思主义在中国和苏联的发展与应用
这部分内容讨论了马克思主义哲学在中国的传播和应用,特别是苏联对中国马克思主义的影响。提到了毛泽东关于中国从周秦到晚清都属于封建社会的观点,以及鸦片战争后中国成为半殖民地半封建社会的情况。此外,还探讨了中国革命中的民族主义情绪,以及马克思本人对于东方社会特别是中国和俄国的看法,指出马克思并不认为五阶段理论适用于所有社会。
🏛️ 封建社会与东方社会的特点
这一段落深入探讨了封建社会和东方社会的特点,特别是中国社会的历史发展。指出了中国社会与西欧封建社会的差异,包括土地所有权、国家与资本的关系,以及农民的处境。同时,也提到了马克思对于东方社会的批判,他认为东方社会的发展受到了限制,需要外部力量的干预才能打破停滞。
💭 马克思对东方社会与革命的看法
这部分内容分析了马克思对东方社会特别是中国和俄国的态度,以及他对革命的看法。马克思认为东方社会比西欧社会更为落后,需要外部的冲击才能实现进步。同时,他也认为资本主义的内在矛盾会导致其崩溃,而工人阶级的革命能够建立一个更高生产力的社会。此外,还讨论了马克思对于暴力革命的支持,以及这一理论如何为后来的国家提供道德上的正当性。
🎥 视频总结与反思
在视频的最后部分,主讲人对前面讨论的内容进行了总结,并提出了一些反思。他提到了如果马克思活在1949年的中国,可能会对中国的革命持有不同的看法。同时,也探讨了为什么中国和苏联会选择马克思主义,尽管马克思本人对东方社会持有贬低的态度。最后,主讲人推荐观众观看他的其他视频,并提供了联系方式和加入会员的信息。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡马克思的五阶段社会发展理论
💡辩证法
💡物质决定意识
💡中国特色社会主义
💡苏联模式
💡历史唯物主义
💡社会形态更替
💡帝国主义
💡封建社会
💡社会主义
Highlights
马克思的五阶段社会发展理论被广泛地应用于中国和苏联的历史解读中。
中国教科书中对历史的解读遵循五阶段理论,将社会历史分为原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会和共产主义社会。
五阶段理论强调社会历史发展的普遍性和顺序性,但也承认历史发展的曲折性。
列宁和斯大林对五阶段理论做出了重要贡献,特别是在社会主义社会之前的社会发展阶段的划分上。
毛泽东在《中国革命和中国共产党》一文中,将中国从周秦到清末的历史都归为封建社会。
马克思本人并没有将五阶段理论视为普遍适用的历史发展规律,而是主要用于描述西欧的历史。
马克思在《政治经济学批判》序言中提到,亚洲、古代、封建和现代资产阶级的生产方式可以经济地经过几个时代。
马克思认为东方社会如中国、俄罗斯和印度采用的是“亚细亚生产方式”,与西欧的社会形态完全不同。
马克思对东方社会的停滞和落后持批判态度,并认为这些社会需要外部力量的干预才能摆脱停滞。
马克思在《英国在印度的统治》一文中,认为英国殖民统治虽然带来了灾难,但也无意中推动了历史的进步。
马克思对中国和俄罗斯的评价较低,认为这些东方国家的发展水平较低,且处于停滞和衰退状态。
尽管马克思本人可能不会赞同中国和苏联的革命模式,但他的暴力革命理论为这些国家的权力夺取提供了道德上的正当性。
马克思主义在中国和苏联被选中的原因在于其在证明政党决策方面的不可替代性,以及对西方文明的批判。
马克思主义的非主流性和对西方文化的批评性,恰好迎合了东方农业国家知识分子的心理需求。
马克思主张的暴力阶级斗争理论在某些国家通过暴力夺取权力的过程中提供了模式和道德上的正当性。
恩格斯在晚年对暴力革命模型进行了一些反思,这可以从他后期的著作中看出。
视频制作者通过对马克思哲学的评估,探讨了马克思主义在中国和苏联的应用及其与马克思原始观点的差异。
视频提供了对马克思理论的深入分析,包括其对中国和苏联历史解读的影响和评价。
视频鼓励观众探索和理解马克思主义理论的复杂性和其在不同文化和历史背景下的应用。
Transcripts
Hello everyone, I'm Anthony
Welcome to subscribe to my channel
This video
I want to talk about Marx’s five-stage theory of social development
This is also our discussion series on Marx’s philosophy.
The third video
In the first two videos
we talked
The two topics of dialectics and "material determines consciousness"
Interested friends can click on the upper right corner to watch
What about this video?
we will analyze
China and the Soviet Union
How to modify Marx’s theory of social development
and what is the purpose of this modification
Finally we will discuss
How to evaluate the Chinese version of Ma Zhe
and Marx’s own views
The so-called “five-stage theory of social development”
I think most people who went to school in China
None of them are unfamiliar
this theory
Many Chinese people still
The basic framework for understanding the development of human society
Political textbooks in Chinese universities
"Basic Principles of Marxism"
Page 133 states:
"Social history can be divided into five social forms
primitive society
slave society, feudal society
capitalist society and communist society
The sequential replacement of these five social forms
It is the general process of social and historical movements
and general rules
It shows the unity of social change. "
Summarize this passage
It has two meanings:
First, it stipulates human history
from primitive society to communist society
This sequence develops
Can't mess it up
Human society is also constantly progressing
There will be no going backwards;
The second is to emphasize that this is a universal law
It is universally applicable
Chinese history textbooks
It is also described according to this theory.
for example
The book I have in my hand is the first volume of the seventh grade edition.
history textbook
In the ninth lesson, it was said: "The unification of Qin
Established the first unified government in the history of our country
A multi-ethnic feudal country. "
According to the textbook
China before the Xia Dynasty was a primitive society
Xia, Shang and Zhou were slave societies
From the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was a feudal society
The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the late feudal society
The sprouts of capitalism began to appear
In short
The entire history of China developed linearly in this way.
but
Anything you say is too absolute.
are easily questioned
For this reason, the textbook was followed by two more patches.
Emphasize that this historical development pattern is tortuous
Next I will quote some textbooks
If everyone finds it uncomfortable to hear
You can press and hold to fast forward
The textbook says it on page 135:
"Changes in social form
It also shows the progress and twists and turns of history.
The unity of sequence and span
progress, sequence
Mainly refers to
The basic trend of the sequential evolution of five social forms
but it does not deny
The twists and turns and leaps of historical development. "
This sentence makes people feel confused and confused.
There seems to be a feeling of comprehensiveness
but very empty
Then the textbook said:
"A new social system replaces the old social system
sometimes it's not
from the old social system
Typical countries with relatively sufficient development begin
And it is easier to develop in the old system which is not very perfect
Or a breakthrough in a very inadequate place
this
It not only reflects the tortuous nature of the process of social form replacement,
It also represents the leapfrog nature of social form change.
Provided conditions and historical opportunities. "
To illustrate this passage
The textbook also lists two examples:
"For example
The capitalist system is in Europe
And not in China where the feudal system is highly developed
Waiting for Eastern countries
Be the first to win
The socialist system first appeared in Russia
China and other economically and culturally backward countries
And not in Europe and America
more developed capitalist countries
be established
These are all obvious examples. "
alright
Now let’s briefly evaluate
The above paragraphs
Let me start by saying this is a terrible theory
Because it's almost always correct
always invincible
It is preset first
all societies
will develop and advance according to this law
but
If you point out that some societies don't develop like this
it will say
This just shows the tortuous nature of the development of things
But it cannot be explained more specifically
When do things take a twist?
when will it move forward
This has a very brainwashing effect
So where does this five-stage theory come from?
In fact, it was mainly the creation of Lenin and Stalin
In 1919 Lenin in his article "On the State"
the stage before socialist society
summarized as primitive society
slave society
Serfdom and Capitalism
Stalin in 1938
In "On Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism"
Divide society into five major types: primitive commune system
slave ownership
Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism
and
Explains the relationship between the sequential evolution of these five stages
Marxist Philosophy in China
Basically inherited from the Soviet Union
A typical text is an article by Mao Zedong
"Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China"
This article first talks about China from Zhou Qin to late Qing Dynasty
All belong to feudal society
The contradiction between the peasant class and the landlord class
is the main social contradiction
Then it was mentioned that after China entered the Opium War in 1840,
It began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
This concept should be said to be the creation of Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong believed that imperialism invaded China
Need to collude with feudal forces
to suppress the development of capitalism in China
This resulted in China being unable to transform from feudal society
evolve into capitalist society
Instead, it became an imperialist colony.
According to this five-stage theory of social development,
China itself can absolutely go smoothly
from feudal society
Evolving to a more advanced stage of capitalism
but
Imperialism interrupted China’s evolution and upgrading process
so
Although there are many reactionary forces in Chinese society
For example, the remnants of feudalism, the bourgeoisie, and the comprador class
Warlords, bureaucrats, etc.
But the main culprit is imperialism
That is, Western external forces
because
These feudal remnants and comprador warlords in China
In the final analysis, they are still taking orders from imperialism.
this concept
Successfully ignited local xenophobia in China
and nationalistic sentiments
Because it clearly has this meaning:
That is to say, all the problems in China
All attributed to imperialist aggression and oppression
As the book "Revolution and Counterrevolution" says:
"At the end of the Qing Dynasty
The revolutionaries have eliminated the root causes of all China's ills
blame the monarchy
The charm of the slogan "Down with imperialism" lies in
It brings all poverty and backwardness in China
Blame it all on imperialism
Therefore, it has strong political appeal
and nationalist demagoguery
Then China's disaster will be
All blamed on foreign economic and political penetration
the opinion of
It does have an almost universal appeal to young people. "
In fact, until today
you will find
Chinese society is still like this
Of course it needs to be explained that
Imperialism here mainly refers to Western countries
Does not include Russia and the Soviet Union
Although the Soviet Union or Russia
The threat posed to modern China is much greater
So
Marx himself
How do you view this theory of China and the Soviet Union?
in fact
Marx never expressed this meaning
In the 1859 Preface to the Critique of Political Economy
Marx did say:
"In general
Asiatic
ancient
Feudal and modern bourgeois modes of production
Can
economic social form
Evolution through several eras. "
But Marx's tone was weak
These eras were not
regarded as a universal law that measures all societies
Marx’s summary of the stages of social development
Mainly for the history of Western Europe
According to Marx
Only Western European society is based on slavery society
Feudal society and capitalist society developed in this way
For the history of Western Europe
Practices that rise to the general laws of the development of human society
Marx was clearly opposed to
In "Letter to the Editorial Board of the Motherland Documentary Magazine" in 1877
Marx said:
If I must tell "about Western Europe"
A historical overview of the origins of capitalism
Completely transformed into a general development path
"Philosophical Theory of History"
Then this would give him "too much insult"
According to Marx
Oriental society
That is Russia, China and India
Adopting the "Asiatic Production Method"
Therefore, it is completely different from the social form of Western Europe.
Naturally, it is impossible to share the same set of development laws.
The so-called "Asiatic mode of production"
It has this characteristic: productivity is very low
The mode of production is mainly agriculture and cottage industry.
implement village commune system
Land ownership is public ownership
In other words, the emperor owns it all
Ordinary people only have the right to use
Due to the closed nature of Asia's production methods
inevitably leads to a static social structure
and centralized authoritarian systems
Marx believed:
Asia's history
It is an undifferentiated unity of urban and rural areas
real big city
It can only be regarded as "the fortress of the prince" here.
Here is a comparison with medieval Europe
The division of labor between urban and rural areas in Europe
are the conditions for the emergence of capitalism
Cities gave birth to commercial capitalism and the citizen class
and subsequently formed a constraint on political power.
culture
In Eastern societies such as China,
Cities are not free soil
It is the seat of authority
centralized authoritarian system
make the state-owned economy
The government-run economy firmly controls
The lifeblood of the entire social economy
Cities cannot produce blood
Instead, it sucks blood
Cities are not the product of free economics
but a derivative of the political system
whole society
The economy is still dominated by self-sufficient small farmers.
large-scale capitalist industry and commerce
always difficult to form
Therefore it is impossible for Marx to think
China from Qin to Qing was a feudal society
Not to mention the emergence of capitalism.
Chinese textbooks describe China after the Qin Dynasty
feudal state
However, in the feudal society of Western Europe
In addition to feudal lords, serfs
There is a dependency relationship
There will be no other dependencies
but in china
Not only yeoman farmers and tenant farmers
including landowners
It is up to the state to organize households and equalize the people.
There is a dependence relationship between the capital and state power
Therefore, we have to bear the heavy taxes and servitude imposed by the court.
The oppression suffered by ordinary farmers in ancient China
It is also much larger than the serfs in Western Europe.
this also means
That kind of independent personality
The spirit of individualism and liberalism
Want to break through from China
We are about to face Europe's emergence from the Middle Ages
much greater resistance
China’s Marxist textbooks say
The feudal system in ancient China was more developed than in the West
But actually
Marx believed
Eastern societies like China
Not only did it not reach the level of feudal society in Western Europe,
And it is a more primitive and ancient
a state of stagnation and decay
Therefore, they can only be rescued by developed nations.
thereby getting rid of stagnation
this kind of thinking
Concentrated in 1853
The article "British Rule in India"
In the text
Marx recognized the British colonists gave India
causing a series of disasters
It also destroyed the traditional social structure of India.
and village community system
Originally under the village commune system
Indian families are independent organizations
Living a solitary life
But free trade in Britain
and the productivity brought about by the steam engine
India's traditional subsistence family craft industry
Being squeezed out of the market due to inefficiency
Indian traditional family culture and ethics
In the face of the productive forces of British capitalism
inevitable decline
certainly
This phenomenon occurred in the late Qing Dynasty
The same happened in China
In this regard
Marx provided an emotionally sympathetic understanding
He said: "From a purely human emotional point of view
Seeing with my own eyes these countless hard-working people
The peaceful social organization of the patriarchal system collapsed and disintegrated.
thrown into misery
See their members in person
A civilization that has lost its ancient form
and lost their ancestral means of livelihood.
It will be sad. "
But Marx then emphasized:
“These pastoral rural communes
No matter how harmless it may seem at first glance
But it has always been the solid foundation of the Eastern autocracy.
They limit the human mind to a very small area
Become a taming tool for superstition
Become a slave to traditional rules
Doesn't show any greatness
and the spirit of any historical initiative. "
Marx reminded:
These seemingly harmless villages in India
But it bears the stains of the caste system and slavery.
resulting in a barbaric worship of nature
for example
Indians pray to monkeys and cows etc.
Therefore, although Marx admitted
What Britain did in India
Completely driven by despicable interests
But he emphasized that the situation in Asia is stagnant
If there is no external interference
There is no way out of this stagnation
So no matter
What crimes did the British East India Company commit in India?
After all, it serves as an unconscious tool of history.
This is a typical Marxist way of thinking
From here we can also see Hegel’s
The shadow of the "evil power theory"
Marx admitted that
The British colonists were motivated by greed and selfishness
But this moral judgment
It is not the fundamental principle for looking at historical events.
What is the fundamental principle?
Is it conducive to the future liberation of mankind?
a greedy person
Although his actions are for his own benefit
But he may not realize it
shouldered the historical mission of awakening people
Unconsciously promote progress
Therefore Marx believed
higher level of civilization
to integrate lower levels of civilization
is reasonable
For example, the United States conquered Mexico
British colonization of India
It seems like things are progressing
Therefore, it is not surprising that
Marx's attitude towards the Opium War
In an article in June 1853
Marx believed
The Opium War shattered the authority of the Manchu dynasty
It also broke the barrier between the civilized world and the barbaric world.
make China, a closed country
Start communicating with the world
to be honest
Marx had a very low opinion of Russia and China
It can almost be said to be looked down upon.
And his ideal socialism
Naturally, we have nothing to do with these countries.
What if Marx had lived in China in 1949?
It’s hard to imagine how many big hats he will be slapped on
He would never think
What is the connection between China's revolution and himself?
According to Marx
Capitalism will fall into a structural crisis
Will inevitably lead to collapse
Because capitalism leads to technological stagnation
and produce an increasingly impoverished working class.
However
Marx believed
The working class is the representative of technological progress
Therefore the revolution of the working class
can be realised
Higher labor productivity than capitalism.
This logical chain
In fact, there are many mistakes and unrealistic places
What human history in the 20th century tells us
Capitalism does not lead to class polarization
It does not necessarily lead to technological stagnation.
Many of Marx’s predictions were wrong
But at least you can learn from the prophecy
See Marx’s own values
That is what Marx believed
Socialism should be a more technologically advanced
A system with higher labor productivity
Only in this way can it be said to be superior to capitalism
Marx believed
The working class is the representative of technological progress
Although this is not the case in reality
But Marx obviously would not agree
Peasants who lack education are the main force of the revolution
It is a representative of advanced productivity
And the Chinese revolution
from beginning to end
They all have a tendency to worship rural areas and manual labor.
The all-round development of free man idealized by Marx
It means that people can engage in mental work
You can also do manual labor
It's all voluntary
China understands it as
Let intellectuals dig trenches and plant trees
Go to rural areas and concentration camps to undergo labor reform
Marx advocated productivity and technological progress
Respect professional knowledge and learning
Mao Zedong emphasized more than once
Even peasants who are illiterate
They can also understand economic issues better than intellectuals
"Don't read too many books
Don’t read too many Marxist books
Just read ten or so books.
Reading too much will lead to the opposite
become a nerd
Become dogmatist and revisionist. "
This hostility to expertise
distance from Marx’s own thought
It's already too far away and can't be further away
If we use today's Chinese ideology
to evaluate Marx
no doubt
He is a serious insulter of China
a western centrist
He is also a bourgeois literati
and accomplices of imperialism
Then there is a key question here
Since Marx himself despised Eastern countries very much,
Why China and Russia
Still chose Marxism
I think this is because
Marxism in justifying the party’s decisions
Has irreplaceable advantages
In modern times
Both China and Russia are facing the impact of Western civilization
Native culture has lost its universal identity
As a Westerner, Marx
Proposed a large and complex theoretical system
Demonstrate why Western capitalist civilization must collapse
For Chinese intellectuals, this
is a huge incentive
The enemy of my enemy is my friend
Although Marxism also comes from the West,
But it is a non-mainstream
Western culture that criticizes Western culture
This just caters to
Eastern agricultural countries
Intellectuals criticize the psychological needs of the West
I was in this video on December 10 last year
said before:
“Bringing the culture and spirit of the country to
Said to be a higher level than capitalism
the existence of updates
This not only relieves anxiety
Well enough
Various social problems arising in Western society
Provide criticism and solutions
For example, criticizing the materialistic nature of Western society
consumerism etc.
thereby providing oneself with moral legitimacy
This obsession and fascination with overtaking in corners
It deeply attracted the Chinese intellectuals at that time. "
Another important reason is
Marx himself advocated violent class struggle
As he famously said
"Violence is the basis of every new society.
"The midwife of the old society"
According to Marx
Class contradictions are irreconcilable
As a political superstructure, the country
serve the exploiting class and
interests of the ruling class
Therefore this state machine
can only be destroyed by revolutionary violence
This is the dictatorship of the proletariat
dictatorship of the proletariat
Not only must we completely eliminate the state apparatus,
We also need to completely eliminate class distinctions.
Eliminated alienation
Let us not consider what Marx himself meant.
This theory is objectively
It is indeed a pattern for some countries to violently seize power.
provide some moral justification
In other words, seizing power by any means necessary
unabashed use of violence
are regarded as achieving the ultimate
Necessary means for human liberation
As long as my goals are good
No matter what method is used, it is just
Even if you make a mistake
It’s just hard exploration
tortuous progress
Sin in the present time
The work will last forever
Although Marx
Will not agree with the revolutionary models of China and the Soviet Union
But his theory of violent revolution
Indeed, in terms of accommodating evil
Has considerable capacity
It should be noted
Engels in his later years
Some reflections on the model of violent revolution
You can refer to this video I posted last year
Let’s stop here for today’s program.
Again, I recommend everyone to watch it
My other two videos evaluating Marx’s philosophy
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