USA, myths and realities, American Dream - an overview - Englisch Abitur, Oberstufe - Abiturthemen

Mr V Englisch und Sport
26 Apr 202216:08

Summary

TLDRこのビデオは、アメリカの歴史とアメリカンドリームに関する重要なポイントをカバーしています。アメリカンドリームの概念、その背景、文化闘争、移民、アフリカ系アメリカ人の経験について説明され、現在のアメリカンドリームの現状に焦点を当てています。また、アメリカの建国文書、平等、自由、繁栄の理想、およびこれらの価値が今日の社会にどのように影響しているかについても議論されています。ビデオは、アメリカの現状を批判しつつも、その魅力と重要性を強調しています。

Takeaways

  • 🇺🇸 アメリカンドリームは、1つの夢ではなく、様々な信念や期待の集合体であり、個人が努力すれば成功できるという考えが主な要素です。
  • 📜 アメリカの建国は、独立宣言や憲法などの重要な文書に基づいており、特に『すべての人間は平等に創造される』という理念が強調されています。
  • 💡 アメリカンドリームには、進歩、民主主義、フロンティア、成功などの主要な概念が含まれますが、それには否定的な側面も存在します。
  • ⚔️ 文化戦争では、リベラル(民主党)と保守(共和党)の二大政党が、政治的・文化的に異なる立場を取っており、宗教や銃規制、移民問題などで対立しています。
  • 🌍 アメリカは移民国家であり、特に19世紀から20世紀初頭にかけては、主にヨーロッパからの移民が大半を占めていましたが、第二次世界大戦後は、アジアやアフリカからの移民も増加しました。
  • 🛑 アフリカ系アメリカ人の歴史は、奴隷制度、ジム・クロウ法、リンチなどの差別の歴史を含みますが、公民権運動により一定の進展がありました。
  • 👨‍🦲 オバマ大統領の選出は、アフリカ系アメリカ人にとって重要な出来事であり、現代のBlack Lives Matter運動は、人種的平等を求める運動の一環です。
  • 🏠 現代のアメリカンドリームは、住宅価格の上昇や教育の重要性の増加により、達成が難しくなっており、平等や移民に関する理想も課題となっています。
  • 🏛️ アメリカの民主主義は、二大政党制と文化的分断により、機能が難しくなっていますが、それでも多くの人にとってアメリカは魅力的な国です。
  • 💪 アメリカンドリームは、現実のものというよりも、理想や目標として多くの人々が持ち続けているものであり、それが国の魅力と強さを支えています。

Q & A

  • アメリカンドリームとは何ですか?

    -アメリカンドリームは、個人が努力すれば成功し、豊かになれるという信念を中心にした一連の期待や理念を指します。これは一つの明確な夢ではなく、哲学的・宗教的な背景を持つ複雑な概念です。

  • アメリカが伝統的な国とされない理由は何ですか?

    -アメリカは多くの人々が新しい国を作ろうとして集まった場所であり、例えばフランスのように自然に発展した国ではないからです。アメリカの基盤は独立宣言や憲法のような文書に基づいています。

  • アメリカ独立宣言で重要なスローガンは何ですか?

    -「すべての人間は平等に創られている」というスローガンが独立宣言で重要です。

  • アメリカンドリームの中核となる理念は何ですか?

    -アメリカンドリームには、進歩、明白な運命、民主主義、融合の坩堝、フロンティア、成功といった理念が含まれます。

  • 文化戦争とは何ですか?

    -文化戦争は、アメリカの主要な2つの政党(民主党と共和党)が異なる文化的立場を取り、生活様式や宗教観が政治的立場に大きな影響を与えることを指します。

  • 移民の影響はアメリカにとってどのように重要ですか?

    -アメリカのアイデンティティは、他国から移住してきた人々によって形成されており、移民はアメリカの発展に重要な役割を果たしてきました。

  • アフリカ系アメリカ人の経験はなぜ重要ですか?

    -アフリカ系アメリカ人の歴史は、奴隷制、差別、そして公民権運動といった課題を通じてアメリカ社会の形成に大きく関わっており、今日の社会問題にも影響を与えています。

  • 公民権運動はアフリカ系アメリカ人にとってどのような成果をもたらしましたか?

    -公民権運動は、投票権の獲得や公式な差別撤廃など、多くの法的および社会的な進展をもたらしました。

  • アメリカンドリームは今日のアメリカでどのように見られていますか?

    -今日では、アメリカンドリームは達成が難しいと感じる人が増えており、特に住宅価格の上昇や教育の重要性の増加が影響しています。それでもなお、多くの人にとって理想的な目標とされています。

  • アメリカンドリームは他国と比較してどのような位置にありますか?

    -アメリカンドリームは、他国と比較すると依然として非常に魅力的なものであり、多くの人が移住を望む国であるため、アメリカは高い生活水準と機会を提供していると評価されています。

Outlines

00:00

📚 アメリカン・ドリームの概要

このパラグラフでは、アメリカン・ドリームの基本的な概念を紹介しています。アメリカン・ドリームは一つの明確な夢ではなく、多様な期待と信念の集合体であり、個人が努力すれば成功できるという一般的なイメージが含まれています。また、アメリカが伝統的な国ではなく、理想のもとに建国された国であるという歴史的背景にも触れています。独立宣言や合衆国憲法などの重要文書がアメリカの基盤となっており、平等や自由、幸福追求の権利が強調されています。

05:00

🏠 アメリカン・ドリームの具体的要素

ここではアメリカン・ドリームの具体的な側面が説明されます。進歩、民主主義、そして『溶鉱炉』としてのアメリカという概念が挙げられ、移民が多様な背景から集まり、共通のアイデンティティを形成する様子が描かれています。しかし、これらのポジティブな側面には否定的な面もあり、物質主義や帝国主義、アメリカの優越性を主張する傲慢さなどが批判されています。

10:01

⚖️ 文化戦争と政治的分断

アメリカの文化戦争とその影響について説明されています。ここでは民主党と共和党という二大政党が形成する政治的分断が、人々のライフスタイルや価値観にも大きな影響を与えていることが指摘されています。リベラル派は環境保護やマイノリティ支援、銃規制を支持し、保守派は移民制限や銃の所有権を重視しています。こうした分裂はアメリカ社会のさまざまな側面に表れており、政治的だけでなく文化的な対立も深まっています。

15:04

🌍 移民の歴史とアメリカ社会

移民の役割がアメリカのアイデンティティにどれほど重要かが説明されています。初期の移民は主にヨーロッパから来たが、第二次世界大戦後にはアジアやラテンアメリカ、アフリカからの移民が増加しました。この多様化した移民の流れが、今日のアメリカ社会の人種的ダイナミクスに影響を与えています。合法と非合法の移民の区別が重要視され、移民問題が現在の政治的議論の中心的なテーマの一つとなっています。

✊ アフリカ系アメリカ人の歴史と闘争

アフリカ系アメリカ人の経験についての説明です。奴隷制とその後の南部での差別的なジム・クロウ法やリンチがアフリカ系アメリカ人に与えた影響について触れています。また、1950年代から1960年代にかけての公民権運動や、バラク・オバマが初のアフリカ系アメリカ人大統領に選ばれたことが、アフリカ系アメリカ人の地位向上にどのように貢献したかが説明されています。さらに、現在のブラック・ライヴズ・マター運動についても言及されています。

🏡 現代のアメリカン・ドリームの現実

このパラグラフでは、現代におけるアメリカン・ドリームの現実について議論されています。特に、家の価格が上昇し、質の高い教育が必要となることで、かつてのアメリカン・ドリームが多くの人にとって手の届かないものになっていると指摘されています。また、アメリカが依然として移民にとって魅力的な場所であることを強調しつつ、政治的な対立が激化している点も問題視されています。しかし、理想としてのアメリカン・ドリームは依然として重要で、多くの人々がそれを追求し続けていると結論付けています。

🇺🇸 アメリカの高い生活水準と持続的な魅力

アメリカが今もなお世界中から多くの人々を引きつける国であることを強調しています。特に、南米やアフリカ、アジアの国々と比較して、アメリカの高い生活水準、公正な法制度、そして機能している教育システムは大きな魅力となっています。アメリカに対する批判は、他国と比較して非常に高い基準で行われていることを忘れてはならないと指摘し、この高いレベルでの議論を踏まえても、アメリカは多くの点で依然として魅力的な国であると結論付けています。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡アメリカンドリーム

アメリカンドリームは、アメリカ合衆国で成功を追い求める人々にとっての理想を指す概念です。これは単なる一つの夢ではなく、さまざまな期待や信念が組み合わさったものです。動画では、個人の努力で成功できるという信念が強調されており、特に『機会の国』や『貧困から富へ』というフレーズで象徴されています。

💡文化戦争

文化戦争は、アメリカの社会や政治における価値観の対立を指します。特にリベラル派と保守派の間で、移民、銃規制、環境問題、LGBTQ+の権利などの社会的・文化的問題について激しく意見が分かれています。この対立は、アメリカンドリームの進行状況や社会の未来に大きな影響を与えています。

💡移民

アメリカ合衆国は移民によって築かれた国であり、移民の役割はアメリカの歴史とアイデンティティに深く関わっています。特に19世紀から20世紀初頭にかけてヨーロッパからの移民が多く、その後はアジアや南米からの移民が増えました。移民の多様性がアメリカンドリームの象徴でもありますが、合法・不法移民の問題も議論されています。

💡アフリカ系アメリカ人の経験

アフリカ系アメリカ人の歴史は、奴隷制、差別、そして公民権運動を含む複雑なものです。動画では、奴隷制の終結後も続いた差別や人種的分断が、アメリカンドリームの実現にとって大きな障害であったことが強調されています。黒人に対する不当な扱いや、近年のブラック・ライヴズ・マター運動も取り上げられています。

💡独立宣言

アメリカ合衆国の独立宣言は、1776年にイギリスからの独立を宣言した重要な文書です。『すべての人は平等に作られている』という理念がアメリカンドリームの根底にあり、自由と平等、そして幸福追求の権利が基本的な価値として掲げられています。

💡憲法

アメリカ合衆国の憲法は、国の基本的な法体系と政府の枠組みを定める文書です。特に『我々人民』という冒頭のフレーズは、アメリカンドリームの基礎として、人々が国の運営に直接関わる民主主義の理念を強調しています。

💡フロンティア精神

フロンティア精神は、アメリカの拡張主義的な歴史と結びついており、西部開拓や新しい土地への進出を通じて国を発展させるという考え方です。この精神は、アメリカンドリームの一環として、常に新たな機会や挑戦を追求する姿勢を象徴しています。動画では、宇宙探査も現代のフロンティアと例えられています。

💡溶鉱炉 (メルティングポット)

メルティングポットは、さまざまな民族や文化がアメリカに集まり、一つの国民性に溶け合うという理想を表す概念です。しかし、動画では、この理想が必ずしも現実ではなく、実際には人種間の分断や人種差別が存在していると指摘されています。

💡成功の定義

アメリカンドリームの一部には、『成功』という概念があり、具体的には家、車、家族などの物質的な豊かさを持つことが理想とされています。しかし、動画では、この物質主義がアメリカンドリームの負の側面ともなり得ると指摘されており、単なる物質的な成功よりも精神的な充足が重要であるという批判も述べられています。

💡黒人公民権運動

1950年代から60年代にかけて行われた黒人公民権運動は、アフリカ系アメリカ人が平等な権利を求めた運動です。特に、ジム・クロウ法による人種差別を撤廃し、黒人に対する法的な平等を実現するための取り組みが中心でした。マーティン・ルーサー・キング・ジュニアの『私には夢がある』スピーチが、この運動の象徴的な瞬間です。

💡文化的分断

アメリカでは、民主党と共和党の間に大きな文化的・政治的分断が存在します。動画では、この分断がアメリカンドリームの実現を困難にし、社会全体にわたる対立や不和の原因となっていることが述べられています。特に宗教、銃規制、移民問題などのテーマで意見が激しく対立しています。

Highlights

Introduction to the video covering key points of the American Dream and its relevance.

Explanation of the concept of the American Dream as a set of beliefs, including the land of opportunity, rags to riches, and individual success.

Discussion of how the USA was founded by people seeking to create a new, better country.

Importance of foundational documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, highlighting equality, liberty, and democracy.

Core ideas of the American Dream include progress, manifest destiny, democracy, the melting pot, and frontiers.

Critical analysis of the American Dream, discussing both positive aspects like progress and democracy, and negative aspects like materialism and imperialism.

Introduction to the Culture Wars and political polarization between Democrats and Republicans.

Overview of the progressive/liberal camp, supporting minority rights, immigration, gun control, and climate change.

Overview of the conservative camp, opposing immigration, supporting gun rights, and advocating for limited government interference.

Immigration as a crucial part of American identity, with a shift in immigration patterns after World War II.

Discussion of the African-American experience, touching on slavery, segregation, lynching, and the Civil Rights Movement.

The significance of the election of Barack Obama and the ongoing impact of movements like Black Lives Matter.

Current state of the American Dream, with challenges in achieving material success due to rising costs and inequality.

Criticism of the American Dream ideals such as equality and opportunity, considering factors like race, income, and partisanship.

The continued importance of the American Dream as an ideal and its global appeal, despite the challenges it faces in reality.

Transcripts

play00:00

hi you're studying for the german abbey

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2 and you'd like to remember the most

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important points about the usa and the

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american dream then this is the right

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video for you let's jump right

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[Music]

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in i divided this video into several

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sections let me show them to you before

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i go into detail on each one of them so

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we have first the concept of the

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american dream what is it what do people

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mean when they say that what are some of

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the backgrounds of this concept

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then the culture wars what does that

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term mean what ideas does it stand for

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and immigration which of course for a

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country like the usa is very important

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the

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african-american experience and why that

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matters

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and where does the american dream stand

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today a topic that is often discussed in

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the habitual tasks so it's good to know

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a little bit about it let's go

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so the american dream this is actually a

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term that somebody really came up with

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and invented and james trusslo adams

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wrote a book and it's really not one

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dream one idea but it's a set of

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expectations and beliefs so ideas that

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made people want to come to the usa and

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that for the people

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there who were living there and sort of

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shape what they thought about their own

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country and it's not really again one

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idea but it's a set of different and

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pretty complex

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philosophical ideas religious ideas etc

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and the common references that we will

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hear in everyday speech when people talk

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about it are usually things like

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that america is the land of opportunity

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and you can get from rags to riches and

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if you work hard you'll make it and

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you'll be rich etc and what all of these

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common references focus on is the idea

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that you as an individual as a person

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can work hard and will make it but this

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is only a small aspect of the bigger

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idea of the american dream

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many people say that the usa is not a

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traditional country and if that's true

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if you compare it to let's say france

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france is a country that grew

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traditionally

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and organically and the usa is more an

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idea people argue because

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it was founded by people who came there

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in order to set up a new and better

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country

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the foundation are some documents an

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important one is of course the

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declaration of independence independence

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from the british

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all men are created equal is one of the

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important terms or slogans in there and

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the right to life liberty and the

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pursuit of happiness

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the constitution of course it's also

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important it starts where with the

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preamble and you see it up here it

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starts with the expression we the people

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of the united states so it clearly shows

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this is a government that is by the

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people for the people of the people it's

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not a king who comes there and says this

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is how i'm going to rule my country but

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everything depends on the people and

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they make up this government

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this concept of the american dream

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should lead to prosperity for people so

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it's sort of um

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some wealth so not necessarily riches

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but enough money and resources to live

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on nicely

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there should be freedom for everybody

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and equal rights

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there's a constant debate as i said

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before about is this american dream

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attainable is it still true does it work

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and i'll go into more detail on that at

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the end of this presentation

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the american dream as an idea as a

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concept really consists of different

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points and i'll show you some of them

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here and the first idea is progress so

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that

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there will be technological progress and

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things will get better

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then the idea of manifest destiny this

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is the sort of religious idea that god

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has chosen the usa as his country for

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people to go there and set up a better

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country the other idea is democracy so

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that really the only

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form of government that goes works with

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the american dream as a democratic

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government

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one other idea is the melting pot the

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idea represented in this cartoon up

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there that

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people come together from different

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backgrounds and they're sort of melted

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together into one identity

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also important is the concept of

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frontiers so having somewhere to go

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where the land is

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apparently uninhabited of course people

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lived there but they just pretended they

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didn't and this is expressed nicely in

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this painting up there progress it's

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called where you can see this sort of

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big angel moving west and people moving

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west and setting up railroads also has

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to do with the concept of progress

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because that's the name of the painting

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but it also shows the idea of how

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frontiers are approached and how people

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move beyond the frontiers to set up

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civilization and this is of course still

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true today you could argue where people

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of course are trying to explore space

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etc

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the idea of success also is important

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represented up there by that house so

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having a nice house with a picket fence

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having a car having two children and a

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dog etc

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and you could argue that all these

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points that sound pretty positive are

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also go along with negative aspects and

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i'll wrote them down here so progress

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they believe that things get better

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could be argued that

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it's a point of decadence now where

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things are really not getting better any

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longer manifest destiny could be argued

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is sort of arrogant why is america the

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chosen country and not any of the other

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many countries on earth

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democracy has many problems in the usa

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today which we'll go into more detail

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later

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for the melting point you could say this

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is not really true there are the races

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are separated and there's racism for the

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frontiers you could say well this is an

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imperialist idea that i'm going to other

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people's countries and claiming it as

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mine

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and the idea of success of course could

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be countered by materialism so you're

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just looking at kind of what materials

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you have not at least let's say

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spiritual well-being etc

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let's move on to a pretty different um

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aspect

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to the culture wars and the photos here

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represent

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the people arguing for different

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positions

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and um we have of course two important

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parties two main parties only in the usa

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and these are the democrats and the

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republicans in the existence of these

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two parties has sort of led to a culture

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where we have two very different

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positions that people have but they're

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not only political people also in their

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culture so what they they do in their

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lifestyle sort of

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also move into these camps and

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for example it matters whether you are

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religious or what kind of church you go

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to all that often has to do with a

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political position as well

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one of these positions is often called

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progressive and liberal

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it means these people support minorities

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and be it a minorities in terms of

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sexual orientation be it minorities in

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terms of race these people are for

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immigration they are against guns so

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think there should be gun laws to

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restrict access to guns they are for the

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environment they want to fight climate

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change

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so they need a strong state to do all of

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these things and that includes being

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willing to pay higher taxes as well

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often these people live in cities or

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bigger towns and often they vote

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democrat democrat the color for this

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party is blue and the donkey up there is

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the symbol for this party

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then the other group are the

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conservatives you could call them they

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are usually against immigration they are

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against active support for a minority so

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they're not

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racist as such but they're saying well

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these people just need to work hard and

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accept that life is not fair always they

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don't say you should really actively do

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something to help these people often

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they are often for guns and they say

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there should be access to guns they are

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for businesses say that businesses

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should succeed and not pay many taxes

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in general these people think often that

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the state should not interfere much with

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people's life only as much as necessary

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and not more at all often they live in

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rural areas and often of course they

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vote republican

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i am simplifying here of course matters

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are much more complicated but to break

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it down to these two positions makes it

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easier and there's a lot of truth to it

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let's talk a little bit about

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immigration because it's so important

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for the usa as a country because the

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identity of the usa

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again in contrast to other countries is

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based on the idea that people came from

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somewhere to live there and not really

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many people can claim to have lived in

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the united states for forever and for

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many generations

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the idea of the melting pot is connected

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to that now the

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immigrants often came from europe or in

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the beginning of this time this period

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of immigration they came from europe and

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this has sort of served to

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sort of establish the country as a more

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or less european country at first to

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show this in numbers let's take a look

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at this graph here and you can see that

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for uh from 1820 to 1920 there was

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pretty much

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to a large large extent immigration only

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from europe and just from some other um

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continents and places

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and this changed after the second world

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war where we have more immigration from

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the other um americas so from um

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from south america etc we have more

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immigration from asia we have more

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immigration from africa so it gets much

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more diverse but these people of course

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arrived later and you can see this

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dynamic that this pattern has created

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today and you can see the effect it has

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on racial groups and how racial groups

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feel what position they have in society

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or should have in society

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there are of course arguments for and

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against additional immigration that i

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won't go into detail here for time

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reasons but it's good to look them up to

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remember that if this topic comes up you

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can write about it

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many people differentiate rightly

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between legal and illegal immigration

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and make a difference between the two of

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them so it should be something you can

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integrate in an argumentation as well

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let's talk about the

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african-american experience

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and sadly of course we have the history

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of slavery where slaves were brought

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from africa to america to work there

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they were only freed or the civil war

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only ended this practice of slavery the

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civil war was about slavery in fact to a

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large extent

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but after that they weren't simply free

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of course and everything was fine but we

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had segregation so that means people had

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different schools different seats on

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buses

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different

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restrooms washrooms etc and these laws

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are called jim crow laws

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and there was lynching that means people

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were killed when people thought they had

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committed a crime so white people

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usually would kill a black person simply

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because they thought this person had

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committed a serious crime so the person

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wasn't brought to the police or to a

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court there was no lawsuit it was simply

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killed and we have the ku klux klan who

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did some of these things and especially

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in the south this situation was bad like

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that

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then we had the civil rights movement in

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the 1950s and 60s but this is hundred

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years later only um where people

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protested against lots of these problems

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and tried to at least have voting rights

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for black people that there's no formal

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segregation anymore etc and this

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movement had lots of successes it didn't

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of course completely

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improve the situation of black people

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overnight but that made some significant

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advancements and of course martin luther

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king is very important in this context

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he gave the famous i have a dream speech

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where um he which was part of the civil

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rights movement

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then many people say when obama was

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elected in 2009 this was a significant

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step for african americans because he

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was of course the first african-american

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president

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today we have the black lives matter

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campaign which focuses on black people

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who were killed for minor offenses by

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police officers

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and so there's growing awareness around

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this topic

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what can we say then about the american

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dream today what shape is it in there

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are of course many many things to say on

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that let me limit it down to a couple of

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points that you could mention in an

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essay in an argumentation in a comment

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etc

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the material aspect of the americans

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dream so the idea that you should have

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or people can have a house in the

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suburbs and can have a nice car

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and can have two children etc this is

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increasingly difficult for many people

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to get simply because house prices have

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risen a lot in comparison to income over

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the last say 50 years

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and you need very good education to get

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a good job that will pay a lot which

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also wasn't always the case

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and then the ideals that the american

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dream includes equality equal chances

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and that the usa is an open country

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where immigrants can

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go to

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this is not really true

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or hasn't become better the situation of

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these ideals people are still not

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completely equal it depends a lot on how

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much money they grew up with what race

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they are etc the usa is not an extremely

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open country so there is immigration of

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course but it's not huge it's not like

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everybody has a chance to um immigrate

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to the usa

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we have the culture wars that i spoke

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about before and this idea of the two

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parties um means that people

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really assign their lives to one or

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other parties more or less and this

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partisanship the idea that your party

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and your group is very important to you

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of course sort of makes a working

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functioning democracy very difficult so

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this is under threat as well

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still however the american dream is a

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very important concept

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it's more like a reference for people

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it's an ideal that people strive towards

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it's not necessarily something that

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exists in reality but something that

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people want to work towards and this is

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still important if it's going on in

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people's heads and people consider this

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idea

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we should also not forget that the usa

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is still an extremely attractive place

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for many people many people if they had

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a choice would move to america and many

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countries around the world and of course

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this is because

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when compared with other countries the

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usa is still a very very uh

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well-functioning country we need to

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compare it to countries in south america

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we need to compare two countries in

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africa and asia and if we look at that

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then we can see yes there is a very high

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standard of living there are high wages

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there is a lot of

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justice is still working etc education

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system works to a large extent nothing

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is perfect here but of course many

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things still work very well so we

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shouldn't easily dismiss the usa and say

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nothing's working out nicely there we

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are criticizing the usa on a very high

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level we should keep that in mind when

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we talk about the american dream i hope

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i was able to help you a little bit

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with studying for your english abitua

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about the american dream or the usa in

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general and take a look on my channel

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there are a number of videos about the

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abi tula and about many many other

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things as well i hope i'll see you back

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again soon goodbye

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[Music]

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