Hukum Tata Negara: Istilah, Definisi dan Sumber-Sumber Hukumnya

Summary

This video script discusses the concept of constitutional law, known as 'hukum tata negara' in Indonesia, which governs the organization of state power and its aspects. It distinguishes between the broad and narrow meanings, with the latter focusing solely on constitutional law. The script explains that in Indonesia, this law is influenced by material sources like Pancasila and formal sources, including written laws and unwritten ones such as customary law, conventions, treaties, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines. The video aims to clarify the understanding of constitutional law in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 📜 Constitutional law governs the organization of state power and its aspects.
• 🌍 Various countries use different terms for constitutional law: 'Staatsrecht' in the Netherlands, 'constitutional law' in the UK, and 'droit constitutionnel' in France.
• 🇮🇩 In Indonesia, constitutional law derives from the Dutch concept and has both a broad and narrow meaning. The broad meaning includes administrative law, while the narrow meaning focuses solely on constitutional law.
• 👥 Constitutional law involves organizing the state into different functions that support and shape the whole nation.
• ⚖️ Constitutional law in Indonesia is defined by legal experts as encompassing both written and unwritten regulations about the organization of the state, power distribution, and human rights guarantees.
• 📝 The sources of constitutional law in Indonesia are categorized into material and formal sources, with Pancasila being the material source, influencing the substance of national laws.
• 📚 Formal sources of constitutional law include both written (e.g., laws, presidential decrees, regional regulations) and unwritten sources (e.g., customary law, conventions, treaties, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines).
• 🛠️ Formal written sources derive their legal force from being codified into statutes, while unwritten sources include legal customs and principles that are recognized without formal codification.
• 🌱 Unwritten sources like customary law and conventions play an essential role in shaping Indonesia’s constitutional practices.
• 📘 Constitutional law scholars provide doctrines that guide the legal framework, and jurisprudence from court decisions also contributes to shaping the state's legal structure.

Q & A

What is the definition of Constitutional Law according to the script?

Constitutional Law is the law that regulates the organization of state power and the aspects related to it, including the distribution of power and the rights of individuals.

How is Constitutional Law referred to in other countries according to the script?

In the Netherlands, it is known as 'Staatsrecht,' in England as 'Constitutional Law,' in France as 'Droit Constitutionnel,' and in Germany as 'Verfassunglehre.'

What are the two branches of Staatsrecht in the Netherlands?

'Staatsrecht in ruime zin' (Constitutional Law in the broad sense) includes both Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, while 'Staatsrecht in enge zin' (Constitutional Law in the narrow sense) refers only to Constitutional Law.

How is Constitutional Law defined in Indonesia according to the script?

In Indonesia, Constitutional Law is derived from the Dutch term 'Staatsrecht,' and it can be understood in two senses: broadly, as encompassing both Constitutional and Administrative Law, and narrowly, as referring only to Constitutional Law.

What does Constitutional Law regulate according to experts in Indonesia?

Indonesian experts define Constitutional Law as the legal framework, both written and unwritten, that regulates the organization of the state, the division of power, and the protection of human rights.

What are the two sources of law in Constitutional Law as mentioned in the script?

The two sources of law are material sources, which include sociological, historical, and philosophical factors, and formal sources, which provide legal binding authority to laws.

What is the material source of Constitutional Law in Indonesia?

The material source of Constitutional Law in Indonesia is Pancasila, which serves as both the national ideology and the fundamental legal source for all regulations.

What are formal sources of law in Constitutional Law?

Formal sources of law provide legal binding authority to laws, and they include written laws like the Constitution, laws, government regulations, presidential regulations, and local regulations.

What is the difference between written and unwritten formal sources of law?

Written formal sources include codified laws and regulations, while unwritten formal sources are customary laws, conventions, international treaties, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines.

What examples of unwritten formal sources of law are mentioned in the script?

Examples include customary law, conventions in state practice, treaties, jurisprudence (court decisions), and legal doctrines (scholarly teachings on constitutional law).

Outlines

00:00

🛡️ Introduction to Constitutional Law

This paragraph introduces the topic of constitutional law, specifically within the Indonesian context. The speaker greets the audience, prays for health and safety from the pandemic, and explains that the discussion will focus on constitutional law (hukum tata negara). The speaker outlines that constitutional law governs the organization of state power and its various aspects. Terms from other countries, such as 'Staatsrecht' in the Netherlands, are compared, and the difference between broad and narrow interpretations of constitutional law is explained, with the narrower scope being the focus of the video.

05:02

⚖️ Sources of Constitutional Law in Indonesia

This paragraph explores the sources of constitutional law in Indonesia. The speaker highlights two primary categories of legal sources: material and formal. Material sources include factors influencing legal content, such as sociological, historical, and philosophical elements, with Pancasila emphasized as a fundamental ideological and legal basis. Formal sources, on the other hand, refer to where laws derive their binding authority. These include written laws like the Constitution, statutes, and regulations, as well as unwritten laws such as customary law, conventions, international treaties, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines.

Keywords

💡Hukum Tata Negara

Hukum Tata Negara refers to constitutional law that governs the organization and function of a state's power. It outlines the structure of the state and its institutions, and how they relate to each other. In the video, it is discussed in both broad and narrow terms, with the broader meaning including administrative law, while the narrow meaning focuses solely on constitutional law.

💡Sumber Hukum

Sumber Hukum refers to the sources of law, which in this context include both material and formal sources. Material sources include sociological, historical, and philosophical factors that shape the law, while formal sources are the laws and regulations that have legal binding power. In the video, Pancasila is mentioned as the material source for Indonesia's constitutional law.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the ideological foundation of the Indonesian state and serves as a source of law in constitutional matters. It represents the core values of the nation and is used as a reference in the creation of laws. The video emphasizes Pancasila as a crucial factor in shaping the substance of Indonesia’s constitutional law.

💡Sumber Hukum Formal

Sumber Hukum Formal refers to the sources from which laws derive their legal authority. These include written regulations such as the constitution, laws, and decrees. In the video, this concept is explained through examples such as the 1945 Constitution, government regulations, and regional laws in Indonesia.

💡Sumber Hukum Material

Sumber Hukum Material includes the underlying societal factors that influence the content of laws. These factors could be historical, sociological, or philosophical in nature. The video highlights that, in Indonesia, Pancasila acts as the main material source for constitutional law, influencing the nation's legal structure.

💡Peraturan Perundang-undangan

Peraturan Perundang-undangan are written laws and regulations that hold formal legal authority. These include the Indonesian Constitution, laws passed by the legislature, and other forms of regulations. The video explains that such regulations form the formal basis of Indonesia’s constitutional law.

💡Hukum Tidak Tertulis

Hukum Tidak Tertulis refers to unwritten laws, such as customs, conventions, and judicial decisions, which are not codified but still hold legal significance. The video emphasizes that these include customary law and international agreements that influence the practice of constitutional law in Indonesia.

💡Traktat

Traktat refers to international treaties or agreements between states. In the context of the video, treaties are mentioned as a form of unwritten law that can impact Indonesia’s constitutional framework, especially in matters related to international relations and agreements.

💡Yurisprudensi

Yurisprudensi refers to judicial decisions that serve as legal precedents. In the video, it is mentioned as an example of unwritten law that influences the interpretation and application of constitutional law, based on prior court rulings.

💡Doktrin

Doktrin refers to legal theories and academic teachings that influence the interpretation and development of constitutional law. The video mentions doctrine as part of unwritten law, showing its importance in shaping legal education and the understanding of constitutional principles.

Highlights

Introduction to the channel focused on legal discussions, specifically constitutional law.

Explanation of what constitutional law entails, including the organization of state power and its aspects.

In the Netherlands, constitutional law is known as 'Staatsrecht,' which is divided into 'Staatsrecht in ruime zin' (broad sense) and 'Staatsrecht in enge zin' (narrow sense).

Differences in terminology for constitutional law across countries like the UK (constitutional law), France (droit constitutionnel), and Germany (Verfassungslehre).

In Indonesia, constitutional law is a translation of 'Staatsrecht' from Dutch and retains both broad and narrow definitions.

The focus of the video is on the narrow definition of constitutional law in Indonesia.

According to Van Vollenhoven, constitutional law is the law that regulates all social classes, from the top to the bottom, and determines the regions and authorities within them.

Experts in Indonesia define constitutional law as a set of written and unwritten legal rules governing state organization, division of power, and human rights guarantees.

Sources of constitutional law in Indonesia include material sources like Pancasila, which is the nation's ideological foundation and primary reference for legal development.

There are two types of legal sources: material (sociological, historical, philosophical) and formal.

Formal legal sources give laws their binding power, with written forms including the Constitution, laws, government regulations, and local regulations.

Unwritten formal legal sources include customary law, constitutional conventions, treaties, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines.

Customary law and conventions play an important role in Indonesia’s unwritten constitutional law.

International treaties, judicial decisions, and legal doctrines are other significant unwritten formal sources of constitutional law.

Conclusion of the discussion on the different aspects of constitutional law in Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of both written and unwritten sources.

Transcripts

Hai Tembok Raksasa adanya di Cina

terowongan rahasia adanya di Korea Utara

daripada gambut yogara korona mendingan

kowe kepo in hukum tata negara

Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh salam semuanya Selamat

datang kembali di channel forum channel

khusus abran hukum Oke obrolan hukum

kita kali ini akan membahas tentang

hukum tata negara baik secara istilah

definisi dan juga sumber-sumber hukumnya

tapi seperti biasa sebelum kita memulai

pembahasan ini kita berdoa dulu kepada

Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa Semoga kita

senantiasa diberikan kesehatan dan

perlindungan dari segala jenis wabah

penyakit

the map

Hai hukum tata negara hukum tata negara

pada dasarnya merupakan hukum yang

mengatur organisasi kekuasaan negara

beserta segala aspek yang berkaitan

dengan organisasi negara tersebut

Hai di beberapa negara di dunia hukum

tata negara itu dikenal dengan berbagai

istilah seperti di Belanda hukum tata

negara itu dikenal dengan istilah Star

Trek di mana Star Trek ini dibedakan

menjadi dua yaitu startrek inwin enzim

dan Star Trek kindness in that track in

ruins in itu diartikan sebagai htn dalam

arti luas yang meliputi hukum tata

negara dalam arti sempit dan Hukum

Administrasi Negara Adapun untuk Strange

mesin atau HTM dalam arti sempit itu

hanya meliputi hukum tata negara saja

selain di Belanda di Inggris hukum tata

negara itu dikenal dengan istilah

constitutional Law kemudian di Prancis

itu Dikenal dua istilah yaitu droit

konstitusional sebagai hukum tata negara

dan Roy administratif sebagai Hukum

Administrasi Negara sama seperti di

Perancis Jerman

menggunakan dua istilah tentang hukum

ini yaitu untuk hukum tata negara itu

dikenal dengan istilah verfassunglehre

Adapun untuk Hukum Administrasi Negara

itu digunakan istilah verweisung eh

adapun dalam konteks di Indonesia

sendiri hukum tata negara itu merupakan

terjemahan dari Star Trek sama seperti

istilah yang digunakan di negara asalnya

yaitu Belanda

Hai sehingga hukum tata negara yang ada

di Indonesia itu sebabnya memiliki dua

arti-arti secara luas dan arti secara

sempit htn dalam arti luas itu diartikan

sebagai hukum tata negara dalam arti

sempit dan Hukum Administrasi Negara

sedangkan htn dalam arti sempit itu

hanya meliputi htn saja Oke tanpa

bermaksud mempersempit pemahaman

teman-teman tentang hukum tata negara

kita fokuskan pembahasan kita kali ini

hanya seputar hukum tata negara dalam

arti sempit yaitu hukum tata negara

Indonesia menurut lagu men hukum tata

negara itu adalah hukum yang mengatur

organisasi negara dalam pemahaman yang

ini negara dipandang sebagai suatu

organisasi yang terdiri dari berbagai

fungsi yang saling berkaitan mendukung

dan membentuk sebuah negara secara

keseluruhan kemudian selain logement Van

vollenhoven juga menyatakan bahwa hukum

tata negara adalah hukum yang mengatur

semua masyarakat baik dari tingkat atas

sampai tingkat bawah kemudian menentukan

wilayahnya serta menentukan badan-badan

yang berkuasa dalam lingkungan wilayah

tersebut

Hai sedangkan menurut para ahli hukum

tata negara di Indonesia itu memberikan

rumusan hukum tata negara adalah

perangkat hukum baik yang dirumuskan

secara tertulis maupun yang tidak

tertulis dan di dalamnya itu setidaknya

mencakup susunan organisasi negara

pembagian cabang kekuasaan negara dan

berbicara juga tentang jaminan Hak Asasi

Manusia

Hai kemudian dalam pembentukan hukum

tata negara yang ada di Indonesia itu

tentunya tidak terlepas dari sumber

hukum yang menjadi landasan

ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada di dalamnya

di dalam hukum tata negara sendiri

dikenal terdapat dua bentuk sumber hukum

sumber hukum material dan sumber hukum

formal sumber hukum dalam arti materiil

itu merupakan faktor-faktor yang ada di

masyarakat baik faktor secara sosiologis

historis maupun faktor secara filosofis

dan sumber hukum materiil ini merupakan

faktor yang mempengaruhi isi atau

substansi yang ada di dalam

aturan-aturan hukum Adapun sumber hukum

materiil yang digunakan dalam hukum tata

negara yang di Indonesia itu adalah

Pancasila karena Pancasila Selain

sebagai ideologi juga merupakan sumber

hukum dasar nasional yang dijadikan

sebagai rujukan utama dalam pembentukan

pembentukan segala peraturan-peraturan

hukum

ada di Indonesia dan ini tidak

terkecuali dalam hukum tata negara

Hai kemudian sumber hukum yang kedua

yaitu sumber hukum formal

Hai yang dimaksud dengan sumber hukum

formal itu adalah sumber dimana sebuah

peraturan yang ada itu mendapatkan

kekuatan hukum sehingga ketika sudah

mendapatkan kekuatan hukum peraturan

tersebut bersifat mengikat dan mengatur

jadi untuk teman-teman semua jangan mau

diatur-atur kalau belum diikat secara

formal

Oh ya Oke kita lanjut untuk sumber hukum

formal ini menjadi

Hai kemudian dikategorikan sebagai

sumber hukum formal tertulis dan sumber

hukum formal yang tidak tertulis

Hai untuk sumber hukum formal tertulis

itu adalah peraturan perundang-undangan

Hai di dalam pasal 7 undang-undang nomor

12 tahun 2019 tentang pembentukan

peraturan perundang-undangan itu

menentukan bahwa peraturan-peraturan

yang dikategorikan sebagai peraturan

perundang-undangan yaitu antara lain

meliputi undang-undang Dasar 945 TAP MPR

undang-undang atau juga bisa Perpu

kemudian peraturan pemerintah peraturan

presiden peraturan daerah provinsi dan

peraturan daerah kabupaten kota

hai lalu setelah kita membahas hukum

formal yang tertulis kita sekarang

membahas tentang hukum formal yang tidak

tertulis

Hai tapi apa yang dimaksud dengan sumber

hukum formal yang tidak tertulis

hai oke sebelum kita membahas lebih jauh

tentang sumber hukum formal yang tidak

tertulis kita pahami dulu yang dimaksud

dengan hukum tidak tertulis

Hai hukum tidak tertulis itu tidak

diartikan sebagai hukum yang bentuknya

sebatas lisan atau tanpa tulisan Tapi

maksud hukum tidak tertulis disini

adalah peraturan-peraturan yang tidak

dibukukan dan dikodifikasikan sebagai

peraturan perundang-undangan

Laura jadi Semua peraturan yang tidak

termasuk dalam jenis dan hierarki

peraturan perundang-undangan yang

sebagaimana kita sebut tadi itu

digolongkan sebagai hukum tidak tertulis

terlepas dari bentuknya yang lisan

maupun tulisan

hai lalu apa saja yang menjadi sumber

sumber hukumnya untuk sumber hukum

formal yang tidak tertulis yang ada pada

hukum tata negara di Indonesia itu

antara lain meliputi yang pertama hukum

adat atau hukum yang hidup dan

berkembang di dalam masyarakat kemudian

Konvensi yang merupakan kebiasaan dalam

praktik ketatanegaraan kemudian ada

traktat yang merupakan perjanjian

internasional yang bentuknya bisa berupa

perjanjian maupun nota kesepahaman yang

dilakukan antarnegara dan yang ke empat

itu ada yurisprudensi atau

kumpulan-kumpulan putusan pengadilan

yang berkenaan dengan persoalan

ketatanegaraan dan yang terakhir adalah

doktrin-doktrin ini adalah ajaran-ajaran

ilmu hukum seputar ketatanegaraan yang

dikembangkan dalam dunia ilmu hukum Oke

jadi

Nah mungkin hanya sekian yang bisa

disampaikan pada pembahasan kita kali

ini sampai jumpa di video-video

berikutnya salam semuanya

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh