LEUKEMIA, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Summary
TLDRLeukemia is a cancer originating in bone marrow, leading to abnormal white blood cells. These cells, crucial for the immune system, fight infections but in leukemia, grow and divide uncontrollably. Classified as acute or chronic and lymphocytic or myelogenous, treatment varies based on type and progression. Symptoms include fever, easy bleeding, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, bone marrow tests, and biopsies. Treatments may include radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
Takeaways
- 🩺 Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and leads to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
- 🔬 White blood cells are crucial for the immune system, fighting off infections and foreign substances.
- 🌱 In leukemia, bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly and divide too quickly.
- 📈 Leukemia is categorized as acute or chronic, and as lymphocytic or myelogenous, based on the rate of progression and cell type involved.
- 🚑 Acute leukemia features immature cells that increase rapidly, necessitating immediate treatment, and is common in children.
- 👵 Chronic leukemia involves mature but abnormal white blood cells that accumulate slowly, typically affecting older adults.
- 🧬 Specific types of leukemia include acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myelogenous (AML), chronic lymphocytic (CLL), and chronic myelogenous (CML).
- 🧬 The most common leukemia in children is ALL, while in adults, AML and CLL are most frequently diagnosed.
- 🔍 Leukemia can spread to other body parts and occurs when blood cells acquire DNA mutations, leading to rapid growth and accumulation.
- 🚭 Risk factors for leukemia include smoking, family history, exposure to chemicals like benzene, genetic disorders, and previous cancer treatments.
- 🩴 Symptoms of leukemia include fever, easy bleeding, night sweats, fatigue, bone pain, skin redness, bruising, weight loss, infections, and swollen lymph nodes.
- 🏥 Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, bone marrow tests, and biopsies to identify leukemia cells and assess cancer spread.
- 💊 Treatment options depend on the type of leukemia, patient age, health status, and cancer spread, and may include radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
Q & A
What is leukemia?
-Leukemia is a type of cancer that arises in the bone marrow and results in a high number of abnormal white blood cells. It is also referred to as the cancer of the white blood cells.
What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?
-White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system and are potent infection fighters, protecting the body from invasion by bacteria, viruses, fungi, foreign substances, and abnormal cells.
How does leukemia affect the production of white blood cells?
-In leukemia, abnormal white blood cells are produced from the bone marrow that do not function like normal white blood cells. They divide too quickly, eventually crowding out normal cells.
What are the two main classifications of leukemia based on progression speed?
-Leukemia is classified into acute and chronic based on how fast it progresses.
What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?
-In acute leukemia, abnormal cells are immature and increase rapidly, making the bone marrow unable to produce healthy cells. In chronic leukemia, abnormal cells are mature but build up more slowly over months or years.
What are the two types of cells involved in leukemia?
-Leukemia can involve lymphocytic or myelogenous cells. Lymphocytic leukemia affects the lymphoid cells, while myelogenous leukemia affects the myeloid cells that form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What are the most common types of leukemia in children and adults?
-The most common type of leukemia in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In adults, about 90% of cases are diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
How does leukemia spread to other parts of the body?
-Leukemia can spread to other parts of the body such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys, causing the abnormal cells to accumulate and stop healthy blood cells from functioning normally.
What causes leukemia?
-Leukemia happens when some blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA, causing them to grow and divide quickly and continue living when normal cells would die. These abnormal cells accumulate and crowd out normal cells.
What are some risk factors for developing leukemia?
-Risk factors for leukemia include smoking, a family history of leukemia, exposure to certain chemicals like benzene, genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, and previous cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiation.
What are the common symptoms of leukemia?
-Symptoms of leukemia include fever or chills, easy bleeding or nosebleeds, night sweats, fatigue and weakness that doesn't go away, bone pain and tenderness, red spots on the skin, bruising easily, unintended weight loss, frequent or severe infections, and swollen lymph nodes, especially on the neck and armpits, enlarged liver or spleen.
What are the common tests used to diagnose leukemia?
-Tests to diagnose leukemia include a physical exam, blood tests to look for abnormal levels of blood cells, bone marrow tests to identify leukemia cells, and biopsies of other organs to show if cancer has spread.
What are the treatment options for leukemia?
-Treatment options for leukemia include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
Outlines
🩺 Understanding Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer originating in the bone marrow, leading to an abnormal increase in white blood cells. These cells, crucial for the immune system, are usually produced in the bone marrow and protect the body from infections and abnormal cells. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that divide rapidly, hindering the production of healthy cells. Leukemia is classified into acute or chronic based on progression speed and into lymphocytic or myelogenous based on the type of cells involved. Acute leukemia features immature cells that increase rapidly, necessitating immediate treatment, and is common in children. Chronic leukemia involves mature but abnormal cells that progress slowly and are more common in older individuals. Specific types include acute lymphocytic leukemia (common in children) and acute myelogenous leukemia (common in adults). Risk factors include smoking, family history, chemical exposure, genetic disorders, and previous cancer treatments. Symptoms include fever, bleeding, fatigue, bone pain, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, bone marrow tests, and biopsies. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and targeted or immunotherapies.
📢 Closing Remarks
The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for updates on the latest videos. It emphasizes the importance of staying informed on topics discussed, such as leukemia, through the educational content provided.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Leukemia
💡White Blood Cells
💡Bone Marrow
💡Acute Leukemia
💡Chronic Leukemia
💡Lymphocytic Leukemia
💡Myelogenous Leukemia
💡Mutations
💡Risk Factors
💡Symptoms
💡Treatment Options
Highlights
Leukemia is a type of cancer that arises in the bone marrow and results in a high number of abnormal white blood cells.
White blood cells are vital for the immune system, protecting the body from infections and abnormal cells.
In leukemia, abnormal white blood cells are produced that don't function like normal ones and divide too quickly.
Leukemia is classified into acute or chronic based on how fast it progresses, and lymphocytic or myelogenous based on the type of cells involved.
Acute leukemia involves immature abnormal cells that increase rapidly, requiring immediate treatment.
Chronic leukemia involves mature but abnormal white blood cells that build up more slowly over months or years.
Lymphocytic leukemia affects the lymphoid cells, while myelogenous leukemia affects the myeloid cells.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type in children.
In adults, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are the most common types.
Leukemia can spread to other parts of the body such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys.
Leukemia occurs when blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA, leading to rapid growth and division.
Risk factors for leukemia include smoking, family history, exposure to chemicals, genetic disorders, and previous cancer treatment.
Symptoms of leukemia include fever, easy bleeding, night sweats, fatigue, bone pain, and frequent infections.
Diagnosis of leukemia involves physical exams, blood tests, bone marrow tests, and biopsies of other organs.
Treatment options for leukemia include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
Treatment decisions are based on the type of leukemia, age, general health, and whether cancer has spread.
Targeted therapies focus on specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy helps the immune system recognize and attack leukemia cells.
Encouragement to like, share, and subscribe to stay updated on the latest videos.
Transcripts
today's topic is leukemia leukemia is a
type of cancer that arises in the bone
marrow and results in a high number of
abnormal white blood cells leukemia can
also be referred to as the cancer of the
white blood cells the white blood cells
are a vital part of the immune system
and are mostly produced in the bone
marrow although some types are produced
in the lymph nodes spleen and thymus
gland the white blood cells are potent
infection fighters protecting the body
from invasion by bacteria viruses fungi
foreign substances as well as abnormal
cells the white blood cell normally
grows and divided in an orderly manner
as needed by the body but in leukemia
abnormal white blood cells are produced
from the bone marrow which doesn't
function like normal white blood cells
the abnormal white blood cells also
divide too quickly
eventually crowding out normal cells
leukemia is classified into a variety of
large groups based on how fast it
progresses acute or chronic and the type
of cells involved lymphocytic or
myelogenous in acute leukemia the
abnormal cells are immature and they
increase rapidly making the bone marrow
unable to produce healthy cells the
disease worsens quickly and therefore
immediate and aggressive treatment is
required these types are the most common
form in children in chronic leukemia the
abnormal cells are mature but they are
abnormal white blood cells these blood
cells build up more slowly and take
months or years to progress these types
mostly occur in older people but can
also occur in any age group lymphocytic
leukemia affects the lymphoid cells that
form the lymphatic tissue that makes up
the immune system myelogenous leukemia
affects the myeloid cells these cells
form the red blood cell white blood
cells and the platelets
the specific type of leukemia are acute
lymphocytic acute myelogenous chronic
lymphocytic and chronic myelogenous
leukemia the most common type in
children is the acute lymphoblastic
leukemia or
AOL in adults about 90% of cases of
leukemia are diagnosed with the most
common being the acute myelogenous
leukemia or AML and the chronic
lymphocytic leukemia or CLL other rare
types exist such as hairy cell leukemia
and others leukemia can spread to other
parts of the body such as the lungs
heart kidneys causes leukemia happens
when some blood cells acquire mutations
in their DNA this causes the blood cells
to grow and divide quickly and to
continue living when normal cells would
die these abnormal cells continue to
accumulate and stop the healthy blood
cells from growing and functioning
normally
eventually crowding out the normal cells
in the blood certain risk factors that
may increase your risk of getting the
condition includes smoking a family
history of leukemia exposure to certain
chemicals such as benzene genetic
disorders such as Down syndrome previous
cancer treatment with chemotherapy or
radiation symptoms fever or chills easy
bleeding or nosebleeds
night sweats fatigue and weakness that
doesn't go away bone pain and tenderness
red spots on the skin bruising easily
unintended weight loss frequent or
severe infections swollen lymph nodes
especially on the neck and armpits
enlarged liver or spleen diagnosis and
treatment the following tests may be
performed a physical exam where the
doctor will look for physical signs such
as enlargement of the liver or spleen
and swollen lymph nodes blood tests to
look for abnormal levels of red or white
blood cells or platelets this may
indicate leukemia bone marrow test where
a sample of the bone marrow is removed
and sent to the laboratory to test for
leukemia cells this sample can identify
the type of leukemia and its growth rate
biopsy of other organs such as the liver
and the spleen can show if cancer has
spread
treatment the type of leukemia age your
general health and whether cancer has
spread to other parts of the body will
determine the treatment option treatment
options include radiation therapy that
uses powerful energy beams such as
x-rays to kill the cancer cell
chemotherapy that involves using
medication injected intravenously or
taken orally to kill the cancer cell
stem cell transplantation where the
diseased bone marrow is replaced with
healthy ones either from a donor as an
allow legis transplantation or you may
be able to use your own as an autologous
transplantation targeted therapies that
use medication to target specific
pathways or vulnerabilities present in
the cancer cell may be effective
immunotherapy that uses treatments that
help the auto immune system recognize an
attack from Kimia cells
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