The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Summary
TLDR该视频脚本详细讲述了波音737 MAX 8飞机的两次致命坠机事件,分析了导致这些悲剧的技术原因和公司竞争压力。波音为了与空客A320 NEO竞争,匆忙升级了737 MAX的引擎并改变了其位置,引入了MCAS系统以防止飞机失速,但却未对飞行员进行充分培训。这导致了飞行员在面对系统故障时无法有效应对,最终造成了悲剧。事件后,波音对该系统进行了调整,并加强了飞行员培训。
Takeaways
- ✈️ 波音737 MAX 8型号飞机在2019年3月10日的埃塞俄比亚航空302号航班和几个月前的印尼狮航610号航班中发生致命坠机事故,共造成346人死亡。
- 🚀 这两起事故中的飞机都是波音737 MAX 8型号,其发动机是理解这些飞机问题的关键所在。
- 🔧 事实上,发动机本身并没有问题,问题出在飞机制造商之间的激烈竞争,尤其是波音和空客。
- 🛫 空客推出了更新版的A320 NEO,这种新型发动机使飞机燃油效率提高了15%,且飞行员几乎不需要额外培训就能驾驶。
- 🏎️ 波音为了与空客竞争,决定升级其单通道飞机波音737的发动机,但波音737的设计限制了发动机的安装空间。
- 🔄 波音通过将发动机上移并稍微提高其位置,解决了空间问题,并推出了737 MAX型号。
- 📈 737 MAX成为市场上最畅销的飞机,帮助波音保持了与空客的竞争地位。
- 📉 但是,将发动机上移导致了737 MAX在全油门状态下,机头容易过度上扬,可能导致失速。
- 🤖 波音安装了一个名为MCAS的软件系统,用于在飞机角度过高时自动压低机头,但没有重新设计飞机。
- 📚 波音将737 MAX销售为与旧型号几乎相同的飞机,没有强调新的MCAS系统,许多飞行员仅通过两小时的iPad课程就进入了驾驶舱。
- 🛑 由于MCAS系统的问题和飞行员对它的了解不足,导致了两次致命的坠机事故,目前几乎所有的737 MAX 8飞机都已停飞。
Q & A
波音737 MAX 8的发动机有什么特别之处?
-波音737 MAX 8的发动机是其关键部分,因为它是理解这种特定飞机为何会引起如此多问题的关键。但事实上,这款发动机本身并没有问题。实际上,飞机制造商争相将它们安装在新型飞机上。
埃塞俄比亚航空302航班和印尼狮子航空610航班的共同点是什么?
-这两起航班的共同点是它们都使用了波音737 MAX 8型号的飞机,且都发生了致命的坠机事故。
空中客车A320 NEO的推出对波音公司产生了什么影响?
-空中客车A320 NEO的推出对波音公司产生了巨大的竞争压力,因为它不仅提高了燃油效率,而且飞行员几乎不需要额外培训就能驾驶新型号飞机,这对航空公司节省成本非常有利。
波音公司是如何解决737 MAX飞机发动机安装空间不足的问题的?
-波音公司通过将发动机在机翼上的位置提高,使其稍微高一些,从而解决了737 MAX飞机发动机安装空间不足的问题。
波音737 MAX飞机的MCAS系统是什么?
-MCAS系统,即机动特性增强系统,是波音公司为了解决737 MAX飞机在全油门状态下机头过于上扬导致可能失速的问题而安装的自动软件系统。该系统会在飞机角度过高时自动推动机头向下。
为什么波音737 MAX飞机的飞行员在事故发生前没有得到充分的MCAS系统培训?
-波音公司将737 MAX飞机销售为与旧型号737几乎相同的飞机,因此他们没有强调新的MCAS系统。许多飞行员在首次进入驾驶舱前只接受了两小时的iPad课程,而且培训材料并未提及MCAS软件。
2018年,美国飞行员对737 MAX飞机有哪些投诉?
-2018年,有美国飞行员向联邦政府投诉称737 MAX飞机会'突然俯冲'。
印尼狮子航空610航班的坠机报告中显示了什么?
-印尼狮子航空610航班的坠机报告中的飞行高度时间图表显示,飞机在起飞时处于全油门状态,但在某个点,机头不断向下猛烈颠簸。飞行员无法弄清楚为什么会发生这种情况,最终飞机在起飞12分钟后坠入爪哇海。
埃塞俄比亚航空302航班坠机报告中提到了什么?
-埃塞俄比亚航空302航班的坠机报告表明,飞行员实际上成功禁用了MCAS系统,但由于MCAS传感器的故障,为时已晚,无法克服问题。
波音737 MAX 8飞机目前的状态如何?
-目前,几乎所有在役的737 MAX 8飞机都已被停飞。
波音公司对737 MAX飞机问题做出的回应是什么?
-波音公司的回应是应用软件更新,使MCAS系统'不那么激进',并表示将增加飞行员关于如何关闭该系统的培训。
波音737 MAX飞机问题的根本原因是什么?
-波音737 MAX飞机问题的根本原因在于公司为了与对手空中客车竞争,急于推出新飞机,并试图让新飞机表现得与旧型号完全相同,即使实际情况并非如此。
Outlines
🛫 波音737 MAX 空难与竞争引发的危机
本段落讲述了波音737 MAX 8飞机在埃塞俄比亚航空公司302航班和印尼狮航610航班中发生的两起致命空难。这两起事故共造成346人死亡,并且都发生在2019年。事故的焦点集中在波音737 MAX 8的发动机上,这是波音为了与空客A320 NEO竞争而进行的升级。波音为了适应更大的发动机,将发动机位置提高,但这导致了飞机在全力推进时容易过度抬头,可能引发失速。为了解决这个问题,波音安装了一个名为MCAS的软件系统,该系统在飞机角度过大时自动将机头向下推。然而,波音并未在飞行员培训中强调这一新系统,导致飞行员在紧急情况下无法有效应对。最终,这些飞机被全球停飞,波音和联邦航空管理局也因此受到了审查。
🚨 波音737 MAX 危机处理与未来方向
本段落讨论了波音公司和联邦航空管理局在面对737 MAX飞机问题时的应对措施。波音提出的解决方案是更新MCAS软件,使其变得更加温和,并承诺增加飞行员关于如何关闭该系统的培训。这些问题的根源在于波音公司为了与空客竞争,急于推出新飞机,却声称新飞机与旧型号在操作性上无异,即便实际上并非如此。这导致了飞行员在面对飞机出现问题时缺乏适当的应对措施,最终导致了悲剧的发生。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡飞机引擎
💡埃塞俄比亚航空302航班
💡波音737 MAX 8
💡空中客车A320 NEO
💡竞争
💡设计缺陷
💡MCAS系统
💡飞行员培训
💡飞行安全
💡监管机构
💡停飞
Highlights
埃塞俄比亚航空302号班机坠毁事件
印尼狮子航空610号班机坠毁事件
两起空难涉及同一型号飞机:波音737 MAX 8
飞机制造商之间的激烈竞争
空客A320 NEO的推出与燃油效率提升
波音737 MAX的设计挑战与解决方案
波音737 MAX的市场热销与对空客的竞争
737 MAX设计变更导致的飞行控制问题
波音MCAS系统的作用与缺陷
飞行员对737 MAX的MCAS系统知之甚少
美国飞行员对737 MAX问题的投诉
狮航610号班机坠毁经过与MCAS系统的失败
埃塞俄比亚空难中MCAS传感器的故障
全球737 MAX 8型号飞机的停飞
美国联邦航空管理局在737 MAX认证过程中的审查问题
波音对737 MAX的软件更新与飞行员培训加强
公司竞争导致飞机设计与安全问题
Transcripts
This is an airplane engine.
It's sitting in a field in Bishoftu, Ethiopia— part of the wreckage of Ethiopian Airlines
Flight 302, which crashed on March 10, 2019.
157 people died.
This was just a few months after another flight, Lion Air 610, crashed in Indonesia and killed 189 people.
These two flights were operating the same plane: The Boeing 737 MAX 8.
And its engine is the key to understanding why this particular plane
has caused so many problems.
But there's nothing actually wrong with this engine.
In fact, airplane manufacturers raced to put them on their new planes.
That's where the problem started.
The two biggest airplane manufacturers in the world are Airbus and Boeing.
And they have a fierce rivalry.
If one of them can offer a better plane, the other could lose a lot of money.
That's exactly what was about to happen in 2010.
Airbus announced that they would update their most popular model, the A320, a single-aisle
airplane that services many domestic flights.
You've probably been on one.
For this new plane, Airbus had a big update.
It would have a new kind of engine.
It was much larger than the previous engine,
but it would make the plane 15 percent more fuel efficient.
And just as importantly, this upgrade wouldn't change the plane that much.
A pilot could walk into the new model, with little additional training, and be on their way.
It was called the A320 NEO, and it would save airlines a lot of money.
This was a problem for Boeing.
To compete with Airbus, Boeing's obvious move was to upgrade the engine on their single-aisle
plane, the 737.
But there was one issue.
Here's a sketch of the 737 next to the Airbus A320.
Notice how the 737 is lower to the ground than the A320.
This meant Airbus could slide a new engine under the wing of their A320.
But there wasn't enough room under the wing of the Boeing 737.
But a few months later, Boeing's product development head had big news.
He said: "We figured out a way to get a big enough engine under the wing."
Their solution was to move up the engine on the wing, so that it would be slightly higher
and it would fit on their 737s.
Here's a promotional video of that updated 737 in the air.
You can actually see that the top of the engine is above the wing.
Boeing called this model the 737 MAX.
And just like Airbus with the A320, Boeing said their new plane was so similar to its
predecessor that pilots would only need minimal additional training.
The 737 MAX became the hottest selling plane on the market.
And it helped Boeing keep up with AirBus.
Except, moving the engine up on the 737 had a side effect.
When the 737 MAX was in full thrust, like during takeoff, the nose tended to point too
far upward, which could lead to a stall.
This was a problem, because these planes were supposed to behave exactly like the old ones.
So Boeing came up with a workaround.
Instead of re-engineering the plane, they installed software that automatically pushed
the nose downward if the pilot flew the plane at too high of an angle.
They called it the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, or MCAS.
But because Boeing was selling the 737 MAX as pretty much the same plane as the 737,
they didn't highlight the new MCAS system.
Many pilots only got a two-hour iPad course before entering the cockpit for the first time.
And the "training material did not mention" the MCAS software.
In 2018, several American pilots complained to the federal government that the 737 MAX
was "suddenly nosing down."
On October 29, 2018, Lion Air Flight 610 took off from Jakarta.
In the flight report, which shows the plane's altitude over time, you can see that the plane
was in full thrust during takeoff.
But at a certain point, the nose of the plane kept lurching downward.
The pilots couldn't figure out why this was happening.
The captain "asked the first officer to check the quick reference handbook."
They couldn't find the solution.
The pilots continued to fight with the MCAS.
The plane struggled to gain altitude.
Reports show it was likely because the computer was getting incorrect sensor data, pushing
the plane toward the earth below.
12 minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Java Sea.
In the Ethiopia crash, the report shows that the pilots were actually able to disable the
MCAS, but it was too late to overcome the malfunctioning MCAS sensors.
For now, nearly every 737 MAX 8 in service has been grounded.
And the Federal Aviation Administration is facing scrutiny over how they rushed this
plane through certification.
Boeing's response has been to apply a software update and make the MCAS "less aggressive,"
while also saying they'll increase pilot training on how to turn it off.
This problem started with a company's race to compete with its rival.
It pushed them to pretend like their new plane behaved exactly like their old one.
Even when it didn't.
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