Reproduction in Animals-Sexual Reproduction fertilization and Development of Embryo
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses animal reproduction, focusing on the roles of sperm and egg cells in fertilization. It explains internal and external fertilization, with examples from various species. The development of embryos, both in humans and animals, is covered, including the process of a zygote becoming a fetus and the differences in development between viviparous and oviparous animals. The script also touches on metamorphosis and in vitro fertilization, providing a comprehensive overview of reproductive diversity in the animal kingdom.
Takeaways
- đ Fertilization is the fusion of a sperm cell from the male and an egg cell from the female.
- đŹ Out of millions of sperms, only one can successfully fuse with an egg cell to form a zygote.
- đ¶ The zygote is the beginning of a new individual, inheriting traits from both parents.
- đŸ There are two types of fertilization: internal (within the female's body) and external (outside the body, often in water).
- đž External fertilization is common in aquatic animals like frogs, where eggs and sperm are released into the water.
- đŁ Animals with external fertilization lay many eggs to ensure successful reproduction despite external threats.
- đ€° In humans, the zygote develops into an embryo and then a fetus over nine months before birth.
- đ§Ș In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a medical procedure used when natural fertilization is not possible, resulting in 'test-tube babies'.
- đ In birds like hens, the zygote develops into an embryo outside the body, protected by layers including a hard eggshell.
- đ Viviparous animals give birth to live young, while oviparous animals lay eggs that hatch outside the body.
- đŠ Metamorphosis is the process where an animal develops through different life stages, such as a tadpole becoming a frog.
Q & A
What is the role of sperm and egg cell in reproduction?
-The sperm cell from the male and the egg cell from the female play a crucial role in reproduction. They fuse together in a process called fertilization, where the nuclei of the sperm and egg unite to form a single nucleus, resulting in the formation of a fertilized egg called a zygote.
How does fertilization occur?
-Fertilization occurs when sperm from the male reaches the egg cell in the female reproductive system, typically in the fallopian tube. Out of millions of sperms, only one is able to fuse with the egg cell, leading to the formation of a zygote.
What are the two types of fertilization mentioned in the script?
-The two types of fertilization mentioned are internal fertilization, which takes place inside the female's body, and external fertilization, which occurs outside the body, usually in water.
Why do animals that practice external fertilization lay so many eggs?
-Animals that practice external fertilization lay many eggs to ensure successful reproduction. The eggs and sperms are exposed to water movement, wind, rainfall, and may also become prey for other animals, so laying many eggs increases the chances of survival.
How does the development of an embryo in humans take place after fertilization?
-After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cell division repeatedly to form a ball of cells. These cells then form groups that develop into different tissues and organs, forming an embryo. The embryo implants itself into the uterus and continues to develop into a fetus over nine months before being born.
What is a test-tube baby and how is it created?
-A test-tube baby is a baby conceived through in vitro fertilization. In this process, eggs are collected from the female and sperm from the male is collected to fertilize outside the body in a laboratory. If fertilization is successful, the zygote is allowed to develop for a week before being placed in the mother's uterus for complete development.
How does the development of an embryo in animals with internal fertilization differ from humans?
-In animals with internal fertilization like chickens, the zygote divides and travels down the oviduct where protective layers, including a hard shell, are formed around it. The development of the embryo takes place outside the body in the egg, and it takes about three weeks to develop into a chick.
What are viviparous and oviparous animals?
-Viviparous animals are those that give birth to live young, like humans, cows, dogs, and cats. Oviparous animals are those that lay eggs, like frogs, lizards, and butterflies.
What is metamorphosis and how does it relate to animal development?
-Metamorphosis is the development of an individual from a larval stage to an adult through different stages, where each stage is distinctly different from the others. It is observed in animals like frogs, where the egg develops into a tadpole, which then transforms into an adult frog, and in silkworms, which develop into caterpillars, then pupae, and finally into butterflies.
How does the color of your eyes or hair relate to inheritance from your parents as mentioned in the script?
-The color of your eyes or hair is inherited from your parents. For example, the script suggests that the color of your eyes might be inherited from your father, while the color of your hair might be inherited from your mother.
What is the significance of the zygote in the process of reproduction?
-The zygote is significant in reproduction as it represents the beginning of a new individual formed by the union of one cell from the male and one from the female. It inherits characteristics from both parents and is the starting point for the development of an embryo.
Outlines
đ Reproduction and Fertilization
This paragraph discusses the process of animal reproduction, highlighting the roles of sperm and egg cells. It explains that sperm from the male is released into the female's reproductive system, where it meets the egg in the fallopian tube. Out of millions of sperm, only one fuses with the egg, a process known as fertilization. This fusion results in the formation of a zygote, which is the beginning of a new individual inheriting traits from both parents. The paragraph also differentiates between internal and external fertilization, with examples of each. It concludes with a discussion on the development of the embryo in humans, starting from a zygote that undergoes cell division and eventually develops into a fetus over nine months.
đŁ Development of Embryo and Birth
The second paragraph delves into the development of the embryo in humans and other animals. It describes the process of a zygote becoming an embryo, which then implants into the uterus and develops into a fetus. The paragraph explains that after nine months, the fetus is fully developed and the mother gives birth. It also touches on the concept of test-tube babies, or in vitro fertilization, where fertilization occurs outside the body, and the zygote is then implanted into the uterus for development. The paragraph further explores the development of embryos in animals with internal fertilization, such as hens, where the zygote divides and travels down the oviduct to form an egg with protective layers. It contrasts this with animals that exhibit external fertilization, which lay many eggs to ensure successful reproduction due to environmental risks. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on viviparous and oviparous animals, and the concept of metamorphosis, where young animals undergo significant changes before reaching adulthood.
đž Metamorphosis and Diverse Reproduction
This paragraph focuses on metamorphosis, the transformation of animals from larvae to adults through various stages. It uses the examples of frogs and silkworms to illustrate how young animals can look drastically different from their adult forms. The paragraph summarizes the key points about fertilization, differentiating between internal and external methods, and the challenges faced by animals practicing external fertilization. It also reiterates the process of embryo development, from zygote to embryo to fetus, and the eventual birth of the baby. The paragraph emphasizes the diversity in animal reproduction and development, highlighting the complexity and variety of life cycles in the animal kingdom.
đ¶ In Vitro Fertilization and Animal Birth
The final paragraph revisits the topic of in vitro fertilization, explaining how it allows for the birth of test-tube babies when natural conception is not possible. It details the steps involved in IVF, from collecting eggs and sperm to fertilizing them outside the body and then implanting the zygote into the uterus for development. The paragraph also describes the process of embryo development in hens, emphasizing the protective layers that form around the zygote and the external development that occurs once the egg is laid. It contrasts this with viviparous animals, which give birth to live young, and oviparous animals, which lay eggs. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on metamorphosis, highlighting the different stages of development that some animals undergo from egg to adult, using the examples of frogs and silkworms.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄReproduction
đĄFertilization
đĄSperm
đĄEgg Cell
đĄZygote
đĄEmbryo
đĄFetus
đĄIn Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
đĄOviparous
đĄViviparous
đĄMetamorphosis
Highlights
Reproduction in animals involves the fusion of sperm and egg cells.
Sperm from the male is released into the cervix of the female reproductive system.
Sperms travel to the fallopian tube where the female egg cell is present.
Out of millions of sperms, only one can fuse with the egg cell.
Fertilization is the process where the sperm and egg nuclei unite to form a zygote.
The zygote is the beginning of a new individual, inheriting traits from both parents.
There are two types of fertilization: internal and external.
Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body, like in humans, cows, dogs, and cats.
External fertilization happens outside the body, often in water, like in frogs.
Animals with external fertilization lay many eggs to ensure successful reproduction.
The zygote undergoes cell division to form an embryo, which develops into different tissues and organs.
In humans, the embryo develops into a fetus over nine months before birth.
In vitro fertilization is a method used when natural fertilization is not possible.
Test-tube babies are born from zygotes that develop outside the body before being implanted.
In animals like hens, the zygote develops into an egg with protective layers outside the body.
Viviparous animals give birth to live young, while oviparous animals lay eggs.
Metamorphosis is the development of larvae to an adult through different stages, like in frogs and butterflies.
Transcripts
reproduction in animals
Oh
you
fertilization what is the role of sperm
and an egg cell in the reproduction
how does the reproduction take place let
us see
the sperms from the male are released
into the cervix of the female
reproductive system
the sperms travel from the cervix to the
fallopian tube where the female egg cell
is present
when sperms come into contact with the
egg cell out of million sperms only one
sperm is able to fuse with the egg cell
the fusion of sperm cell from male and
an egg cell from the female is called
fertilization
during fertilization the nuclei of the
sperm and egg unite to form a single
nucleus which results in the formation
of a fertilized egg called zygote
sigh coat is the beginning of a new
individual
since it is formed by the union of one
cell from the male and one from female
it inherits some characters from both
the parents
for example if you observe yourself in
the mirror you may find the color of
your eye is inherited from your father
well the color of your hair is inherited
from your mother
types of fertilization
there are two ways by which
fertilization takes place
internal fertilisation external
fertilization
fertilization which takes place inside
the body of female is called internal
fertilization
in humans cows dogs cats fertilization
is internal
even and hence the fertilization is
internal
the egg is fertilized first in the hens
body before it is late
when fertilization takes place outside
the body it is called external
fertilization
usually it occurs in water
for example in France male and female
frogs move to the slow flowing water
streams
when male and female frogs come together
the females lay hundreds of eggs in
water
once the eggs are laid male frogs
release sperms in water
the sperms swim in water and come in
contact with the eggs which results in
fertilization
external fertilization is also observed
in starfish and fishes
can you guess why animals chewing
external fertilization laced so many
eggs
the eggs and sperms get exposed to water
movement wind rainfall and may also
become prey for other animals
hence to ensure successful reproduction
these animals lay many eggs
development of embryo in humans
let's learn how a zygote develops
further inside the mother's body
as I got as a result of fertilization
undergoes cell division repeatedly to
give rise to a ball of cells
the cells then form groups each group
begins to develop into different tissues
and organs of the body this developing
structure is called embryo
embryo embeds itself into the soft wall
of the uterus
it continues to develop in the uterus
it gradually develops the body parts
such as hands legs nose ears eyes etc
the stage of the embryo during which all
the developed body parts can be
identified is called the fetus
it takes nine months for the fetus to
develop completely into a baby
when the development of the baby is
complete the mother gives birth to the
baby
the baby is pushed out of the mother's
body through the birth canal or vagina
test-tube baby
sometimes some females are unable to
give birth to babies
there can be several reasons for this
such as blocked OB ducts ah sperms
cannot reach the egg cells for
fertilization
in such cases doctors suggest in vitro
fertilization
in in vitro fertilisation Excel from the
female is collected first
the sperms from the male are collected
and allowed to fertilize outside the
body in a laboratory
in case the fertilization is successful
the zygote is allowed to develop in the
laboratory for a week
then the zygote is placed in the
mother's uterus for the complete
development
the baby's born by in vitro
fertilisation are called test-tube
babies
development of embryo in other animals
hence also exhibit internal
fertilization does that mean the
development of the embryo in them is
same as at a scene in humans
No
in hence as soon as the fertilization is
done the zygote divides repeatedly and
travels down the oviduct
Venna does traveling many predictive
layers are formed around it
hard shell of the egg is the final layer
that is formed
as soon as the hardshell is formed the
hen lays the egg
the development of embryo takes outside
and it takes three weeks to develop into
a chick
during the spirit hence sit on the egg
to provide sufficient warmth to the
developing embryo
once the chick is completely developed
it bursts open the eggshell to come out
in case of animals with external
fertilization to the embryos developed
within the egg covering
as soon as the development is complete
the eggs hatch to give birth to young
ones
viviparous and oviparous animals
depending upon the mode of birth of
individuals animals are of two kinds
visitorĂs animals and over forest
animals
animals which give birth to their young
ones are called with the purest animals
humans cows dogs cats are viviparous
animals
animals which lay eggs are called
or vaporous animals
spero frog lizard butterfly parent ah
oviparous
metamorphoses
in some animals individuals which are
hatched from the eggs undergo different
stages till they become adult
each stage is different from the other
the features which are present in adults
may not be found in these stages
this is metamorphoses
metamorphosis is the development of
larvae to an adult through different
stages
for example in France the egg develops
into a tadpole larvae which can swim but
cannot jump
it also looks different from the adult
frog
the tadpole then soon transforms into an
adult frog it is capable of jumping
another example is the development of
silk worm into butterfly
the Engel silkworm develops into a
caterpillar
the caterpillar develops into the pupa
which finally develops into a beautiful
butterfly
it is indeed amazing to know about the
diversity in the way animals reproduce
summary the fusion of sperm cell from
male and an egg cell from the female is
called fertilization during
fertilization the nuclei of the sperm
and egg unite to form a single nucleus
which results in the formation of a
fertilized egg called
zygote there are two types of
fertilization internal fertilization and
external fertilization
fertilization which takes place inside
the body of female is called internal
fertilization when fertilization takes
place outside the body it is called
external fertilization
external fertilization usually occurs in
water
when male and female frogs come together
the females lay hundreds of eggs in
water once the eggs are laid male frogs
release sperms in water the sperms swim
in water and come in contact with the
eggs which results in fertilization
animals showing external fertilization
lay many eggs because the eggs and
sperms get exposed to water movement
wind rainfall or may also become prey
for other animals
a zygote as a result of fertilization
undergoes cell division repeatedly to
give rise to a ball of cells
the cells then form groups
each group begins to develop into
different tissues and organs of the body
this developing structure is called
embryo embryo embeds itself into the
soft wall of the uterus
the stage of the embryo during which all
the developed body parts can be
identified is called the fetus it takes
nine months for the fetus to develop
completely into a baby
when the development of the baby is
complete the mother gives birth to the
baby
the baby is pushed out of mother's body
through the birth canal of Modena
female are unable to give birth to
babies because of blocked OB ducts ah
sperms cannot reach the egg cells for
fertilization in in vitro fertilization
Excel from the female and sperms from
the male are collected and allowed to
fertilize outside the body in a
laboratory in case the fertilization is
successful the zygote is allowed to
develop in the laboratory for a week zĂ i
goat is then placed in the mother's
uterus for the complete development
the baby is born by in vitro
fertilization are called
test-tube babies
in hens as soon as the fertilization is
done the zygote divides repeatedly and
travels down the oviduct when the zygote
is traveling many protective layers are
formed around it hard shell of the egg
is the final layer that is formed when
the hard shell is formed the hen lays
the egg
the development of embryo takes outside
and it takes three weeks to develop into
a chick
during this period hence sit on the egg
to provide sufficient warmth to the
developing embryo depending upon the
mode of birth of individuals animals are
of two kinds viviparous animals and open
Burress animals
animals which give birth to their young
ones are called vociferous animals
animals which lay eggs are called
oviparous animals metamorphosis is the
development of larvae to an adult
through different stages
in frogs the egg develops into a tadpole
lava which can swim but cannot jump
it also looks different from the adult
frog
the tadpole then soon transforms into an
adult frog which is capable of jumping
the egg of silkworm develops into a
caterpillar
the caterpillar develops into the pupa
which finally develops into a beautiful
butterfly
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