The History of Human Computer Interaction
Summary
TLDRThe script explores the evolution of computer technology and human-computer interaction (HCI), from the ENIAC in the 1940s to modern smartphones and AI. It highlights key inventions like the sketchpad, computer mouse, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, and the World Wide Web. The summary also touches on recent advancements in virtual assistants, smart homes, wearables, biometrics, virtual reality, autonomous vehicles, and AI, emphasizing the shift towards user-centered, accessible, and intelligent technologies.
Takeaways
- 💻 The ENIAC, completed in 1945, was the first programmable electronic computer, primarily used for mathematical operations.
- 🖌 In 1963, Ivan Sutherland developed Sketchpad, a precursor to modern drawing tablets, allowing direct sketching on computer displays.
- #️⃣ 1964 saw the invention of the computer mouse by Engelbart, which revolutionized computer interaction through cursor control.
- 📚 Alan Kay's Dynabook concept in the 1970s predicted portable personal computers, which became reality with devices like the Grid Compass 1101 in 1980.
- 🖥️ The Xerox Star, released in 1981, was an advanced computer with a graphical user interface, Ethernet, and other features that were ahead of its time.
- 🍎 Apple's Lisa and Macintosh computers, introduced in the early 1980s, were among the first to popularize graphical user interfaces for personal computing.
- 📊 MS-DOS was a non-graphical operating system that relied on command-line inputs, in contrast to the GUIs of its time.
- 🌐 In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which became a global information medium and a cornerstone of internet technology.
- 📱 The first iPhone, released in 2007, combined a camera, iPod, and computer into a handheld device with a widescreen display.
- 🎮 Innovations like the Nintendo Wii and Microsoft Xbox Kinect introduced motion-sensing and gesture controls in gaming and home entertainment.
- 🤖 The rise of intelligent virtual assistants and smart home technology has allowed for voice-activated control and automation of various household functions.
Q & A
What was the first programmable electronic and general-purpose digital computer?
-The first programmable electronic and general-purpose digital computer was the ENIAC, completed in 1945.
Who developed the Sketchpad, and what was its significance?
-Ivan Sutherland developed the Sketchpad in 1963. It was significant as it was the great-grandfather of today's drawing tablets, allowing direct sketching on a computer display with a light pen.
What was the first computer mouse invented by Engelbart used for?
-The first computer mouse, invented by Engelbart in 1964, was used to interact with the computer through a cursor on the screen, with mouse movements and inputs.
What was the concept of the Dynabook, and who is credited with its vision?
-The Dynabook was a vision of a thin, portable personal computer described by Alan Kay. It was created way ahead of its time, predating the actual technology that would make such a device possible.
Who designed the first portable personal computer, and what was it called?
-The first portable personal computer was designed by Bill Moggridge and was called the Grid Compass 1101.
What features did the Xerox Star, released in 1981, have?
-The Xerox Star, released in 1981, featured a mouse-driven graphical user interface, built-in Ethernet network and protocol, and an optional laser printer.
What was significant about the Apple Lisa, released on January 19, 1983?
-The Apple Lisa was significant as one of the first personal computers to present a graphical user interface in a machine aimed at individual business users.
What was the primary difference between MSD OS and graphical operating systems?
-MSD OS was a non-graphical operating system, requiring commands to be typed in from the keyboard or entered from a file, unlike graphical operating systems like Windows that used a GUI.
What improvements did Windows 3.1 bring over Windows 3.0?
-Windows 3.1 improved upon Windows 3.0 by providing multitasking support, improved programs, and more advanced features.
Who created the World Wide Web, and what was its initial purpose?
-Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in 1990 as an information management system, which became a global information medium.
What was the significance of the first iPhone released in 2007?
-The first iPhone, released in 2007, was significant for featuring a 3.5-inch display, camera, iPod, and computer in a handheld device.
What is the Android mobile operating system primarily used for?
-The Android mobile operating system, developed by Google, is primarily used for touchscreen devices like cell phones and tablets.
What was innovative about the Nintendo Wii console released in 2006?
-The Nintendo Wii console was innovative for its rear remote controller, a handheld pointing device that detects movement in three dimensions, allowing users to simulate real-world sports and activities.
What does Windows 10 aim to provide in terms of user experience and functionality?
-Windows 10 aims to provide a more consistent user experience and functionality across different classes of devices, including laptops, netbooks, and computer systems.
What are the capabilities of an intelligent virtual assistant?
-Intelligent virtual assistants can perform tasks or services for an individual based on commands or questions, interpret human speech, respond via synthesized voices, and manage tasks like email, to-do lists, and calendars.
How does smart home technology enhance home automation?
-Smart home technology enhances home automation by enabling control of amenities like air conditioning, heating, lighting, appliances, and security systems through voice commands or mobile applications.
What is the potential future of human-computer interaction according to the script?
-The potential future of human-computer interaction could involve peripheral-less interaction, further mobility without efficiency compromises, digitalization of everything, improvement of artificial intelligence, and the introduction of smart technologies.
Outlines
💻 Evolution of Computer Technology
The first paragraph discusses the evolution of computer technology and human-computer interaction (HCI). It starts with the ENIAC, the first programmable electronic computer, and moves on to the Sketchpad, a precursor to modern drawing tablets. The invention of the computer mouse by Engelbart in 1964 is highlighted, along with the Dynabook concept by Alan Kay, which foresaw portable personal computers. The Grid Compass 1101 and the Xerox Star are mentioned as early examples of portable and GUI-driven computers, respectively. Apple's Lisa and Macintosh are noted for their graphical user interfaces, and the transition from command-line interfaces like MS-DOS to GUIs is discussed. The paragraph also covers the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee and the rapid technological advancements in the 1990s, including the first iPhone and Android operating system, which revolutionized mobile computing and internet access.
🎮 Innovations in Gaming and Home Automation
The second paragraph focuses on innovations in gaming and home automation. It discusses the Nintendo Wii's motion-sensing controller and the Xbox Kinect's depth and motion sensing technology. The paragraph then moves on to Windows 10's cross-device functionality and the rise of intelligent virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. Smart home technology, which allows for remote control of household systems, is explored, along with smart accessories like watches and shoes that connect to smartphones. The use of biometric sensors for access control and surveillance is mentioned, and the Oculus Rift's impact on gaming and education is highlighted. The paragraph concludes with a look at autonomous vehicles, with Tesla's advancements in self-driving technology being a key example.
🚀 Future of Technology and HCI
The final paragraph speculates on the future of technology and human-computer interaction. It envisions a world where everything is digitalized, with traditional mediums being replaced by compact, flexible devices, and the potential for smart furniture. The paragraph discusses the concept of smart cities, which would be managed by interconnected electronic systems. The development of learning and living artificial intelligence, in the form of robots or androids, is highlighted as a potential aid for individuals and a new workforce for industries. The future of HCI is predicted to focus on peripheral-less interaction, increased mobility without sacrificing efficiency, digitalization, AI improvements, and the introduction of more smart technologies.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡ENIAC
💡Sketchpad
💡Computer Mouse
💡Dynabook
💡Xerox Star
💡Apple Lisa
💡Apple Macintosh
💡MS-DOS
💡Windows 3.0 and 3.1
💡World Wide Web
💡Smartphones
💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Highlights
Apple's product line evolution and its impact on technology.
ENIAC, the first programmable electronic computer, completed in 1945.
Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad in 1963, a precursor to modern drawing tablets.
Douglas Engelbart invents the computer mouse in 1964.
Dynabook, Alan Kay's vision of a portable personal computer, predates modern laptops.
GRID Compass 1101, the first portable personal computer, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1980.
Xerox Star, released in 1981, featured a mouse-driven GUI and built-in Ethernet.
Apple Lisa, released in 1983, was one of the first personal computers with a GUI.
Apple Macintosh, introduced in 1984, revolutionized personal computing with its user-friendly GUI.
MS-DOS, a non-graphical operating system, required command-line inputs.
Microsoft Windows 3.0 and 3.1, released in 1990, improved the GUI and added multitasking support.
Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web in 1990, a pivotal moment for internet technology.
The first iPhone, released in 2007, combined a phone, iPod, and internet device in one.
Android OS, developed by Google, competes with Apple's iOS for smartphone market.
Nintendo Wii's motion-sensing controller revolutionized gaming in 2006.
Xbox Kinect introduces motion-sensing technology for gaming without a controller.
Windows 10, released in 2015, adapts user experience across different devices.
Intelligent virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa enable voice control for various tasks.
Smart homes integrate technology for automation and remote control of appliances.
Smartwatches and accessories like the Cambridge Silicon Radio Bluetooth pendant offer new ways to interact with technology.
Biometric sensors are used for access control and surveillance in various technological applications.
Oculus Rift, released in 2016, offers virtual reality for gaming and educational purposes.
Autonomous vehicles, like Tesla, use advanced sensors and autopilot technology for navigation.
HCI is becoming more user-centered, focusing on ergonomics and accessibility.
The future of HCI is expected to involve peripheral-less interaction, digitalization, and smart technologies.
Transcripts
with regards to the apple product line
and the trajectory
the employee expenses it cuts it to and
it will open up the folder
here i have combined the subroutine
interface a natural
uh method of doing things as humanity
evolves
through time their greatest inventions
evolve as well
one of those greatest inventions are the
computers
here are some of the greatest
masterpieces of the 19th century
that spark the renaissance of computer
technology
the human interaction with it
eniac or the electronic numerical
integrator and computer was the first
programmable
electronic and general purpose digital
computer
it was completed in 1945 and it could
perform mathematical operations
and primarily used in calculations
in 1963 ivan sutherland developed a
great grandfather
of drawing tablets of today's date
sketchpad
uses drawings as a communication medium
for the computer
it sketches directly on a computer
display with the light pen
the information sketched can include
straight line segments
and circle arcs the following year 1964
the first computer mouse was invented by
engelbart
the mouse as early models is used to
interact with the computer
through a cursor in the screen and the
mouse movements and inputs
dynabook allen k's vision of a personal
computer is described as a thin portable
device
this concept was created way advanced
than the technology of its time
the first portable personal computer was
the grid compass
1101 designed by bill moggett in 1980
11 years after allen case vision xerox
star
was released in 1981 it had a mouse
driven graphical user interface
built in ethernet network and protocol
an optional laser printer
this was considered far ahead of its
time apple lisa is a desktop computer
developed by apple
released on january 19 1983 it is one of
the first personal computers to present
a graphical user interface
in a machine aimed at the individual
business users
it offered a document-centered graphical
interface
based on the metaphor of desktop with
icons folders and trash bin
apple macintosh is a line of computers
introduced by apple incorporation
in 1984. the mac 128k
had an easy to use graphical user
interface
that utilized icons windows and a mouse
apple macintosh are much more advanced
machine than the previous apple is at a
cheaper price
msd os is a non-graphical operating
system
this means that all commands given to
the computer must be either typed in
from the keyboard
or entered from a file it allows the
user to open
navigate and manipulate files on their
computer
from a command line instead of a gui
like windows
two years later microsoft released
windows 3.0
it came with a lot of improvement but
also with lack of multimedia
and network features which made windows
3.0 replaced quickly by windows 3.1
which is made fancier provided
multitasking support
improved programs and more advanced
features
within the same year 1990 tim
berners-lee
made an information management system
which then became the world wide web
it soon became the prevalent technology
in internet and a global information
medium in the 1990s
after the global launch of the world
wide web the world enters a new stage of
technology
in comparison from the past generation
which is
not readily available for use of the
masses function focused and use of
graphics are minimal
it has the yearly computer and
peripheral hardware
at the start of the 20th century new
forms and innovations in technology and
hci are sprouting
improvements in revisions are starting
to happen more frequent than before
the very first iphone was released in
2007.
it featured a 3.5 inch display which was
considered as widescreen during its time
it has the features of a camera ipod and
computer in handheld device
the latest iphone that was released
boasts a much better specifications than
those in the previous generation
on the other hand the android mobile
operating system
was developed by google to be primarily
used for touchscreen devices
cell phones and tablets just like the
apple's iphones
android operating phones and tablets are
handled devices
that could take pictures create and edit
documents and media files
communicate like a phone browse the
internet and social media
play video games and various other
functionalities
in 2006 nintendo released the wii
console
with its famous rear remote controller a
handheld pointing device that detects
movement in three dimensions
it enables users to simulate real-world
sports and activities through different
games
this paved the way for game consoles
like the xbox kinect
a feature for microsoft xbox which uses
depth and motion sensing technology
as input for the console to recognize
movement without a remote or controller
windows 10 is a series of operating
systems developed by microsoft released
in 2015.
windows 10 made user experience and
functionality
more consistent between different
classes of device
with the rising popularity and
availability of laptops
netbooks and computer systems microsoft
made the windows 10 adaptable into
different systems
another innovation in this era was the
intelligent virtual assistant
or intelligent personal assistant it is
a software agent that can perform tasks
or services
for an individual based on commands or
questions
these virtual assistants can interpret
human speech and respond via synthesized
voices
users can ask questions control home
automation devices
and media playback via voice also manage
other basic tasks such as email
to-do lists and calendars with the
verbal spoken commands
smart homes refers to home amenities
that have been fitted with communication
technology
enabling some degree of automation or
remote control
it includes control of air conditioning
heating and lighting
through voice activated commands or
mobile applications
smart homes also include automation in
appliances like fridges
washing machines and doors also
home security systems are also fitted
with communication technology
to alert the residents in case of
burglary
accessories have become smarter as well
smart watches are able to communicate
with smartphones
using wireless technology to make or
receive phone calls
display messages and notifications smart
watches can also play music
take and display photos monitor health
and fitness
run simple applications with or without
a smartphone
another smartwatch device is the
cambridge silicon radio and seleni
bluetooth pendant
it can connect to a smartphone and is
able to change its led color
or brightness depending on the mood or
clothing of the user
furthermore it can also show
notifications for the user by changing
led colors
flashing or vibrating
another is the smart shoe used in their
navigation and rescue operation
it is equipped with several sensors that
can monitor
activity levels walking health issues
therapy progress and give directions
using vibrations
biometric sensors are the use of human
biometrics in various technological
applications
for instance biometrics can be used in
access controls
it is granting access to a computer
network or security system with the use
of biometric sensors
it could also be used in surveillance
purposes by facial recognition
technology
virtual reality or vr oculus rift is a
line of virtual reality headsets
developed and manufactured
by oculus vr released in 2016.
the rift is primarily a gaming device
however
it is also capable of viewing
conventional movies and videos from
inside the virtual cinema environment
view new types of media like 360 degree
3d videos
and virtual reality movies the oculus
rift is increasingly used in
universities and schools
as an educational tool it provides an
immersive engaging environment
and can assist a diverse range of
students for learning
an autonomous vehicle is one that can
drive itself from a starting point to a
predetermined destination
in autopilot mode using various
in-vehicle technologies
and sensors tesla is a company which
pioneered the engineering of autonomous
driving vehicles
the latest tesla car features advanced
sensor coverage
advanced autopilot technology which
allows real-time navigation updates
autosteer technology and smart parking
ai
the current era of technology and hci is
indeed flourishing
it is astounding that a great leap of
innovations had gone by
after several decades the present hci is
very much user centered
more ergonomic and provide technologies
to aid people with disabilities
to adapt in the modern world the present
also revolves around the individual's
necessity
functionality and aesthetics also the
technology is very much available to the
masses
and an individual who could afford to
could have the privilege to own one
the present hcis aims to provide either
technological advancements or artificial
intelligence
to various human tools equipment machine
and clothing
what could happen to the future of our
technology and the way we interact with
it
not only are devices but most of the
things that we use in living are getting
smarter every day
our smartphones appliances vehicles
clothing and accessories what more could
we improve
the future of hci would heavily rely on
the improvements and breakthroughs with
their carrying technology
and ways of interaction digitalization
of everything could be the future of
technology and hci
whereas the traditional paper medium
would be replaced by compact
handheld and flexible devices and
possible introduction of smart furniture
furthermore the innovations of smart
homes phones
and accessories could lead to smart
cities
it would become a very complex
interconnection of electronic systems
such as computer servers sensors and
databases
that interact to manage the city-wide
infrastructure of the society
there is also the production of learning
and living artificial intelligence in
form of robots or
androids these robots would be of great
help to individuals that need personal
aid
also these robots could be the new
workforce of the industry
the future of our technology and the way
we could interact with it
is fast and unpredictable it may be far
from our expectations or greatly
exceeded
but we are sure that the future of hci
would focus on the exploration
of peripheral less interaction of
computers
further mobility without compromises in
efficiency and specifications
digitalization of everything improvement
of artificial intelligence
and the introduction of further smart
technologies
you
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