How Tuna is Harvested and Processed into Cans: The World's Most Expensive Fish
Summary
TLDRThe journey of tuna from ocean to plate is explored, highlighting two main methods: farming and wild fishing. Tuna farming involves specific diets and pelleted feed to mimic natural prey, while wild fishing includes selective longline and traditional pole-and-line methods. Post-harvest, the focus is on preserving quality through cold chain logistics, auctions, and processing into various products like fresh fillets or canned tuna. The industry's economic impact is vast, supporting coastal communities and global trade, with a significant focus on sustainability and efficient resource management throughout the process.
Takeaways
- đ Tuna can be sourced through both farming and wild fishing, each with distinct methods and requirements.
- đ„Ł Tuna farming involves replicating natural diets with specially formulated pelleted feed to meet nutritional needs at different life stages.
- đą Wild-caught tuna methods, such as longline fishing, are selective to minimize bycatch and preserve marine ecosystems.
- đ Tuna is harvested based on specific criteria like size, weight, and market demand, with larger fish being more valuable.
- đ The global canned tuna market is substantial, with billions in annual sales and significant job creation in related industries.
- đ Tuna processing facilities require efficient weighing and sorting systems to manage large volumes and ensure quality control.
- đż Environmental sustainability is a key concern in the tuna industry, with practices like water recycling systems being implemented to reduce waste and conserve resources.
- đ„ Cooked tuna is rapidly cooled to prevent overcooking and maintain quality, highlighting the importance of temperature control in processing.
- đ„« Canning processes include portioning, filling, sealing, and heat processing (retorting) to ensure product safety and shelf stability.
- đ Tuna production has far-reaching implications beyond economics, including environmental, food security, governance, and international cooperation.
- đĄ A sustainable and equitable tuna industry is essential, balancing social, economic, and ecological dimensions for the benefit of present and future generations.
Q & A
What are the two main approaches to tuna production mentioned in the script?
-The two main approaches to tuna production mentioned in the script are tuna farming and wild fishing.
How is the diet of juvenile tuna in farming replicated?
-In tuna farming, the diet of juvenile tuna is replicated by offering live or frozen prey items to stimulate the fish's natural feeding instincts.
What type of feed is specially formulated for tuna in farming?
-Pelleted feed is specially formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of tuna at different stages of their life cycle.
How are tuna selected for harvest in farming?
-Tuna are selected for harvest based on predetermined criteria such as size, weight, and market demand.
What is Longline fishing and how does it minimize bycatch?
-Longline fishing is a common method used to catch tuna commercially. It is highly selective, allowing fishermen to target specific sizes and species of tuna while minimizing bycatch of non-target species.
What is the significance of the cold chain in preserving tuna quality?
-Maintaining the cold chain is crucial to preserving the freshness and quality of tuna throughout the transportation process, as it helps to lower the body temperature of the fish and slow bacterial growth.
What is the economic impact of the tuna industry on coastal communities?
-The tuna industry creates thousands of jobs in fishing fleets, processing plants, and related sectors, providing livelihoods for coastal communities and supporting local economies.
How does the global canned tuna market contribute to the economy?
-The global canned tuna market contributes billions of dollars in annual sales revenue and continues to grow steadily due to increasing demand from consumers worldwide.
What measures are taken to ensure food safety and quality during tuna processing?
-Tuna processing facilities must ensure food safety and quality by following regulatory standards, which include practices such as weighing and sorting systems, cooking at predetermined temperatures, rapid cooling, and proper hygiene and sanitation measures.
How does the tuna industry practice circular economy principles?
-The tuna industry practices circular economy principles by utilizing byproducts from tuna processing, such as fish meal, fish oil, or pet food, to revalue surplus material and minimize waste contamination.
What are the environmental considerations in balancing the social, economic, and ecological dimensions of tuna production?
-Environmental considerations in balancing the dimensions of tuna production include sustainable fishing practices, minimizing habitat disturbance, and managing water consumption and waste discharge in processing facilities.
Outlines
đ Tuna Farming and Diet
This paragraph discusses the methods of tuna production, highlighting the differences between tuna farming and wild fishing. Tuna farming involves raising juvenile tuna with specific dietary needs, replicating their natural diet with live or frozen prey items. The high investment in tuna farming has led to the development of pelleted feed formulated to meet the fish's nutritional requirements at various life stages. The focus is on mimicking the natural prey to ensure the fish's acceptance of the feed. The paragraph also touches on the selection process for harvesting market-sized tuna and the cost-saving solutions in farming.
đŁ Wild Tuna Fishing Techniques
This section delves into the history and methods of wild tuna fishing, which dates back thousands of years. Longline fishing is introduced as a common and selective method used commercially, allowing fishermen to target specific sizes and species of tuna while minimizing bycatch. The process of handling the caught tuna is described, including bleeding, gutting, and placing the fish in ice slurry to preserve freshness and extend shelf life. The paragraph also covers traditional pole and line fishing, emphasizing its minimal impact on habitats and the importance of maintaining the cold chain during transportation to preserve quality.
đ Tuna Processing and Canning
This paragraph covers the various stages of tuna processing, from trimming and portioning to canning. It explains how excess fat and undesirable portions are removed from the fillets to improve overall quality. The preservation methods for fresh tuna and the common practice of canning are discussed, highlighting the global market's substantial revenue. The importance of efficient weighing and sorting systems in processing facilities is noted, as well as the implementation of water recycling systems to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharge. The paragraph also touches on the cooking process, the use of byproducts, and the different ways of storing the product, such as in glass jars or cans.
đČ Cooking and Packaging Tuna
This section details the cooking process of tuna, emphasizing the importance of temperature control for food safety and product quality. After cooking, the tuna is cleaned again to remove bones and then utilized in various forms, including canned products. The process of filling and sealing the cans is described, along with the addition of ingredients like vegetable oil, water, salt, or flavorings. The heat processing or retorting of canned tuna is explained to ensure product safety and achieve shelf stability. The paragraph concludes with the labeling of cans with essential product information and the significance of hygiene and sanitation throughout the entire process.
đ Economic and Environmental Impact of Tuna Production
The final paragraph addresses the economic significance of tuna as a valuable resource, supporting livelihoods in coastal communities and providing employment opportunities. It discusses the reliance of import-dependent nations on tuna imports and exporting countries' pursuit of lucrative markets. The paragraph highlights the multifaceted implications of tuna production, including environmental sustainability, food security, governance, and international cooperation. It underscores the importance of balancing the social, economic, and ecological dimensions of tuna production to achieve a sustainable and equitable industry for present and future generations.
đ€Ż The Wonder of Tuna
This paragraph expresses awe at the entire process of tuna production, from farming to the final product, acknowledging the complexity and the numerous factors involved in bringing this seafood delicacy to consumers.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄTuna Farming
đĄWild Fishing
đĄMarket Size
đĄAuction
đĄProcessing Facility
đĄCanning
đĄSustainability
đĄCircular Economy
đĄFood Safety
đĄGlobal Implications
Highlights
Tuna farming and wild fishing represent two distinct approaches to obtaining tuna.
Juvenile tuna in farming have specific dietary requirementsæšĄä»żèȘç¶éŁç©æ„æŻæć ¶çéżććèČă
Tuna farming uses pelleted feed specially formulated to meet the nutritional needs of the fish at different life stages.
Market-sized tuna are selected for harvest based on criteria like size, weight, and market demand.
Wild fishing methods, such as longline fishing, have been used for thousands of years and are highly selective.
Tuna caught by longline fishing are processed by gutting, cleaning, and placing in ice slurry to extend shelf life.
Pole and line fishing is a traditional method that minimizes habitat disturbance by targeting tuna near the surface.
Tuna auctions are events where the finest pieces are sold to the highest bidders.
At processing facilities, harvested tuna is inspected for quality, freshness, and regulatory compliance.
Tuna fillets are portioned and trimmed to improve overall quality and to accommodate different recipes and serving styles.
The global canned tuna market is substantial, with billions in annual sales revenue.
Processing facilities create jobs and support livelihoods in coastal communities and rural areas where tuna fishing is a major industry.
Thawing is a critical process that involves gradually raising the temperature of frozen tuna while minimizing bacterial growth and quality degradation.
Industrial tuna cutting operations implement water recycling systems to conserve water resources and reduce wastewater discharge.
Cooking methods like steaming, boiling, or pressure cooking are used, depending on the desired texture and product formulation.
Canned tuna is portioned, filled into cans, and sealed, then subjected to heat processing (retorting) for product safety and shelf stability.
Tuna production has far-reaching global implications, including environmental sustainability, food security, governance, and international cooperation.
Balancing the social, economic, and ecological dimensions of tuna production is essential for a sustainable and equitable industry.
Transcripts
[Music]
have you ever wondered where does the
tuna we eat come
from the methods by which tuna reaches
our plates are as diverse as they are
distinct with tuna farming and tuna wild
fishing representing two contrasting
[Music]
approaches in the case of tuna farming
juvenile tuna have specific dietary
requirements that must be met to support
their growth and
development for that efforts are made to
replicate their natural diet by offering
live or frozen prey items and stimulate
the fish's natural feeding
instincts
due to the high investment involved in
tuna farming because of its large size a
cost-saving solution has been
found
[Music]
pelleted feed for tuna is specially
formulated to meet the nutritional
requirements of the fish at different
stages of their life
cycle it is manufactured so they
resemble their natural prey as Tunas are
very picky about their food if they did
not look like them these pellets would
be left floating in the
[Music]
water
once tuna reach Market size they are
selected as harvest candidates based on
predetermined criteria such as size
weight and market
[Music]
demand fish that meet these criteria are
chosen for Harvest while smaller or
lower quality fish like this one may be
left to continue
[Music]
growing
once the tuna are deemed ready for
transfer they are prepared for larger
growout facilities acclimating the fish
to changes in water parameters to
minimize stress during the
transition on the other hand we can also
o find tuna wild fishing which dates
back thousands of years with evidence of
tuna being harvested for food and trade
by the Phoenicians Greeks and
[Music]
Romans what we are seeing now is called
Longline fishing it is one of the most
common methods used to catch tuna
commercially
[Music]
this method can be highly selective
allowing fishermen to Target specific
sizes and species of tuna while
minimizing bycatch of non-target
[Music]
species
once bled Tunas are gutted and clean to
remove internal organs and any residual
blood or
viscera by placing them immediately in
ice slurry they rapidly lower their body
temperature and slow bacterial growth
extending its shelf life during storage
and
transportation however in some cases the
tradition is maintained and pole in line
fishing is
practiced fishermen use techniques such
as chumming which consists of dispersing
bait into the
water
[Music]
by targeting tuna schools near the
surface habitat disturbance is minimized
avoiding damage to sensitive benthic
habitats such as coral reefs or deep sea
[Music]
ecosystems
once the fishing vessel returns to Port
the containers of tuna pieces are
transferred to larger Transportation
vessels for shipment to auction
facilities or processing
[Music]
plants tuna species vary in size and
weight with some species growing larger
than others
for example Atlantic blue fin tuna is
one of the largest tuna species it can
reach lengths of over 10 ft and weigh
several hundred
lb as they are so big throughout the
transportation process maintaining the
cold chain is crucial to preserving the
freshness and quality of the tuna
[Music]
[Music]
pieces tuna auctions are fascinating
events where the finest pieces are sold
to the highest biders
[Music]
upon arrival at the processing facility
harvested tuna is inspected for quality
freshness and compliance with regulatory
standards for that in most cases a small
piece is cut so that retailers can
assess the quality of the flesh
the weight of each tuna piece is
recorded along with other relevant
information which is documented on
auction sheets or electronic systems for
reference during the auction
[Music]
process and here's the kicker depending
on market demand stocks can go crazy in
fact in January 2019 a 612 lb blue fin
tuna was sold at the first auction of
the year at the toyosu market setting an
absolute
record the winning bid was a staggering
3.1 million making it clear why this
fish is called The Diamond of the
sea with sharp knives skilled workers
carefully remove the stomach intestines
liver and other internal organs without
damaging the tuna
me depending on the intended use tuna
fillets can be portioned into various
sizes and shapes to accommodate
different recipes and serving styles
[Music]
tuna filets may contain pockets of fat
or connective tissue that can affect
texture and flavor that is the main
reason for trimming by removing excess
fat and any tough or undesirable
portions from the fillets its overall
quality is
improved
now the tuna industry goes much further
tuna can go through several processes
that make its preservation and
subsequent consumption much
[Music]
longer in the case of fresh tuna the
sale and consumption is immediate but
one of the most common ways of selling
tuna is in
cans
tuna intended for canning is often
caught and processed on fishing vessels
or at seab based processing
[Music]
plants the global canned tuna Market is
substantial with billions of dollars in
annual sales
[Music]
revenue
according to Market Research reports the
can tuna Market is valued at several
billion dollars and continues to grow
steadily due to increasing demand from
consumers
worldwide in regions where tuna fishing
and processing are major industries
thousands of jobs are created in fishing
fleets processing plants canaries and
related
sectors
[Music]
[Music]
in some countries like Japan Mexico or
Spain the caned tuna industry is a
significant source of livelihood for
Coastal communities and rural
areas large scale processing facilities
typically handle large volumes of tuna
from very ious sources requiring
efficient weighing and sorting systems
to manage the incoming
fish in this sense there is one process
that is Paramount to prepare the tuna
for further
[Music]
processing thawing involves gradually
raising the temperature of the frozen
tuna to defrost it safely and
efficiently while minimizing the risk of
bacterial growth and quality
[Music]
degradation water temperature is closely
monitored to ensure that it remains cold
and within food safety
guidelines in many cases as you can see
the thawing and filling process is done
at the same time to optimize processing
[Music]
times it has become clear that water is
an essential resource in tuna cutting
operations industrial tuna cutting
facilities Implement water recycling
systems to minimize water consumption
and reduce Wastewater
discharge recycled water is treated and
reused in various stages of The Cutting
process helping to conserve water
resources and reduce operating
costs
then the filleted tuna is sorted
according to its classification to be
cooked most processing facilities use
steam cookers boiling tanks or pressure
[Music]
cookers the method chosen depends on
factors such as the desired texture and
product formulation but it must be
cooked to a predetermined temperature to
ensure food safety and product
[Music]
quality the cooking temperature
typically ranges between 200 and 40° F
to
250°
f
[Music]
after cooking it's crucial to rapidly
cool the tuna to prevent
overcooking cooked tuna is cleaned again
to remove the spines and
[Music]
Bones some processing facilities May
utilize byproducts from tuna processing
for purposes such as fish meal fish oil
or pet
food
[Music]
in this way not only is it used to
revalue the surplus material but it also
works under a circular economy taking
advantage of all the fish to avoid the
contamination derived from its
waste
[Music]
[Music]
after this point there are two
widespread ways of storing the product
in glass jars or canned
the different portions are marked so as
to know to which lot they belong and in
what quantity they should be placed in
their
[Music]
containers tuna fillets may be portioned
into uniform sizes and shapes to meet
cust customer specifications and market
demand portioning also allows for
efficient processing and packaging of
the
[Music]
[Music]
tuna portions of cooked tuna and
additional ingredients are carefully
measured and dispensed into each jar
manually to avoid damaging the
portions
[Music]
after filling metal Lids are applied to
the filled jars to create an airtight
seal the lids are typically made of
metal and may have a plasticol lining to
provide a secure
[Music]
seal
[Music]
finally all the jars are labeled for
further selling putting an end to the
elaboration
process
in the case of canned tuna the cooked
and cooled tuna is portioned and filled
into big cans the process begins with
prepared big cans being conveyed to The
Filling Station via a conveyor
[Music]
system
[Music]
again additional ingredients such as
vegetable oil water salt or flavorings
may be added to the caned tuna depending
on the desired product formulation
before sealing
[Music]
them
[Music]
finally sealed cans of tuna are
subjected to heat processing also known
as retorting to ensure product safety
and Achieve shelf stability
this also helps destroy any harmful
bacteria and
enzymes with the leftover Tuna from the
large pieces a compressed mass is made
so that it can be pressure canned in
smaller
[Music]
cans
[Music]
during the entire process hygiene and
sanitation are Paramount to prevent
contamination and ensure food
[Music]
safety
[Music]
before the heating process the filled
and sealed cans of tuna are loaded onto
racks or trays and arranged in retorts
which are large pressure vessels used
for heat
processing
[Music]
after heat processing the cans are
rapidly cooled to room temperature with
fans to prevent overcooking and ensure
product
quality cooled cans are then labeled
with product information such as the
product name ingredients nutritional
information and expiration
date the sea diamond is one of the most
economically significant fish species
globally valued for its nutritional
benefits versatility and market
demand the the economic implications of
its production are multifaceted and have
a direct impact on several
sectors tuna Fisheries support
livelihoods in coastal communities
worldwide providing employment and
income opportunities for millions of
people engaged in fishing
activities import dependent Nations rely
on imported tuna to meet domestic demand
while exporting countries seek access to
lucrative markets for their tuna
products indeed tuna production carries
far-reaching Global implications that
extend beyond economic considerations to
Encompass environmental sustainability
food security governance and
international
cooperation
balancing the social economic and
ecological dimensions of tuna production
is essential for achieving a sustainable
and Equitable tuna industry that
benefits present and future
Generations
wow
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