Step-by-step Writing & Naming Hydrocarbons | ALKANANES | ALKENES | ALKYNES |

Summary

This educational video script discusses the bonding nature of carbon, a key element in organic chemistry, and delves into hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon. It explains the formation of ionic and covalent bonds and how carbon's unique ability to bond with itself leads to a vast array of organic compounds. The script covers different types of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, and explains how they are named and represented using expanded, condensed, and molecular formulas. Additionally, it addresses the naming and representation of branched hydrocarbons, providing a comprehensive guide to understanding their structure and nomenclature.

Takeaways

• 🔬 Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table with four valence electrons, making it uniquely capable of forming various organic compounds.
• 🔗 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon, which can be further divided into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on the type of bonds between carbon atoms.
• 🔒 Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms, while alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double or triple bond, respectively.
• 🔑 The naming of alkanes follows the IUPAC system, ending with '-ane' and prefixes that indicate the number of carbons (e.g., 'meth-' for one carbon, 'eth-' for two, 'prop-' for three, etc.).
• 📝 Condensed structural formulas represent hydrocarbons in a simplified way, showing the order of atoms in a single line, which is useful for writing and understanding complex structures.
• 🧬 Molecular formulas provide a compact representation of a molecule, showing the total number of each type of atom present, such as 'C3H8' for propane.
• 🌿 Branched hydrocarbons have side chains or branches attached to the main carbon chain and are named by identifying the longest carbon chain as the parent and numbering from the end closest to the first branch.
• 🔄 Alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which affects the number of hydrogen atoms needed for stability, as seen in the example of ethene needing only two hydrogen atoms.
• 🔋 Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which further reduces the number of hydrogen atoms required for stability, as in the case of ethyne needing only one hydrogen atom.
• 📖 The position of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes is indicated in the naming by a number before the parent chain name, showing where the bond starts (e.g., '1-butene' for a double bond at the first carbon).

Q & A

What is a hydrocarbon?

A hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

What are the three main types of hydrocarbons?

The three main types of hydrocarbons are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

What is an alkane?

An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds (like alkanes), while unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds (like alkenes and alkynes).

How many hydrogen atoms can a single carbon atom bond to?

A single carbon atom can bond to four hydrogen atoms to become stable.

What is the expanded structural formula?

The expanded structural formula is a way to represent the structure of a molecule by showing each carbon and hydrogen atom explicitly.

How is a condensed structural formula different from an expanded structural formula?

A condensed structural formula shows the order of atoms in a single line, saving space and making it faster to write out.

What is a molecular formula?

A molecular formula consists of chemical symbols for the constituent elements followed by numeric subscripts describing the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.

How are hydrocarbons named according to the IUPAC system?

Hydrocarbons are named based on the number of carbons and the presence of any double or triple bonds, with prefixes indicating the number of carbons and suffixes indicating the type of hydrocarbon.

What is the significance of the numbers in the names of branched hydrocarbons?

The numbers in the names of branched hydrocarbons indicate the position of the branches on the parent carbon chain.

How are double and triple bonds represented in the naming of alkenes and alkynes?

Double and triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes are represented by the prefixes 'ene' for double bonds and 'yne' for triple bonds, with numbers indicating the bond's location.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Chemistry of Bonding and Hydrocarbons

This paragraph introduces the topic of chemical bonding as a continuation from a previous lesson. It explains ionic and covalent bonds and then transitions into a discussion about hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Carbon's unique ability to bond with itself and its valence electrons are highlighted, emphasizing its role in forming various organic compounds, including chain and ring molecules. The paragraph further categorizes hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, with alkanes being saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, while alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated with double and triple bonds, respectively.

05:03

📚 Structure and Nomenclature of Alkanes

The second paragraph delves into the structure of alkanes, the simplest hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds. It explains how carbon atoms bond with hydrogen atoms to achieve stability. The concept of expanded structural formulas is introduced, showing how carbon atoms bond with hydrogen atoms. The paragraph then moves on to condensed structural formulas, which are more concise ways of representing the same information. The process of deriving molecular formulas from condensed structural formulas is also explained, providing examples of how to calculate the number of hydrogen atoms based on the number of carbon atoms.

10:03

🔍 Naming Conventions for Hydrocarbons

This section covers the systematic naming of alkanes according to IUPAC rules. It explains the use of prefixes like 'meth-', 'eth-', 'prop-', etc., based on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The paragraph also describes how to name hydrocarbons with more than one carbon, using 'a' and 'e' as suffixes to denote the alkane family. Examples are given to illustrate how to name hydrocarbons based on their carbon count and how to derive condensed and molecular formulas from the names of alkanes.

15:05

🌉 Understanding Alkenes and Alkynes

The focus of this paragraph is on alkenes and alkynes, which contain double and triple bonds, respectively. It explains how these unsaturated hydrocarbons achieve stability with fewer hydrogen atoms due to their double or triple bonds. The process of naming alkenes and alkynes is discussed, including how to identify the location of the double or triple bond and incorporate this information into the compound's name. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to write condensed structural formulas and molecular formulas for alkenes and alkynes.

20:06

🌿 Branched Hydrocarbons: Naming and Structures

This section discusses branched hydrocarbons, which have branches off the main carbon chain. The paragraph outlines a step-by-step procedure for naming branched alkanes, including identifying the longest carbon chain as the parent, numbering carbon atoms, naming the parent chain, and then naming and placing branches. It also covers how to write condensed structural formulas for branched hydrocarbons, emphasizing the importance of alphabetical order when multiple branches are present.

25:07

🔬 Advanced Branched Hydrocarbon Structures

The final paragraph continues the discussion on branched hydrocarbons, but with a focus on those containing double or triple bonds. It provides a step-by-step guide to writing condensed structural formulas for these more complex molecules, starting with the longest carbon chain and then adding branches and bonds as indicated by the compound's name. The paragraph concludes with examples that demonstrate how to supply the necessary hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom to achieve stability.

Keywords

💡Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are a fundamental topic in organic chemistry and are the focus of the video script. The script explains that hydrocarbons can be saturated, like alkanes with only single bonds, or unsaturated, like alkenes with double bonds or alkynes with triple bonds. This concept is central to understanding the structure and properties of organic molecules.

💡Carbon

Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table and is unique due to its ability to form four covalent bonds. It is the backbone of all hydrocarbons, as it can bond with itself and other elements, leading to a vast array of organic compounds. The script emphasizes carbon's role in creating the diversity of organic chemistry.

💡Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which are involved in chemical bonding. For carbon, there are four valence electrons, which is why it can form four bonds. The script uses this concept to explain how carbon atoms achieve stability through bonding in hydrocarbons.

💡Ionic Bond

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically between a metal and a non-metal. The script mentions ionic bonds in the context of contrasting them with covalent bonds, which are more relevant to the formation of hydrocarbons.

💡Covalent Bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. This is the primary type of bond in hydrocarbons, especially between non-metal atoms like carbon and hydrogen. The script explains that covalent bonds are crucial for the formation of hydrocarbon structures.

💡Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons where carbon atoms are connected by single bonds only. They are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. The script describes how alkanes are the simplest type of hydrocarbon, with examples like methane, ethane, and propane, illustrating their structure and naming conventions.

💡Alkenes

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The script explains that alkenes have a double bond, which means each carbon in the double bond only needs two hydrogen atoms to achieve stability, contrasting with alkanes.

💡Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The script mentions that alkynes, like alkenes, are unsaturated, but with a triple bond, each carbon in the triple bond only needs one hydrogen atom to become stable.

💡Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a representation of a molecule where the carbon chain is written as a single line, showing the connectivity of atoms without explicitly drawing all the bonds. The script uses this term to explain a more concise way of writing hydrocarbon structures, which is useful for complex molecules.

💡Molecular Formula

A molecular formula expresses the number of atoms of each element within a molecule. The script explains how to derive molecular formulas from condensed structural formulas, such as C3H8 for propane, showing the total count of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

💡Naming Conventions

The script discusses the systematic naming conventions for hydrocarbons, as established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This includes the use of prefixes like 'meth-' for one carbon, 'eth-' for two, and so on, followed by '-ane' for alkanes, '-ene' for alkenes, and '-yne' for alkynes, indicating the number of carbons and the type of hydrocarbon.

Highlights

Ionic bond is the attraction between metal and non-metal involving the transfer of electrons.

Covalent bond is the attraction between non-metals through sharing of electrons.

Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table with four valence electrons.

Carbon can bond with itself and other atoms to form various organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkenes contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

Alkynes contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms and are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

A single carbon atom can bond to four hydrogen atoms.

Condensed structural formulas show the order of atoms in a single line for convenience.

Molecular formulas consist of chemical symbols for the elements and subscripts for the number of atoms.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry system is used for naming organic compounds.

Alkane names end with 'ane' and prefixes indicate the number of carbons.

Expanded structural formulas show every bond and atom in a molecule.

Alkenes are named based on the location of the double bond and the number of carbons.

Alkynes are named based on the location of the triple bond and the number of carbons.

Branched hydrocarbons have branches attached to a chain and are named based on the parent chain and branches.

The naming of branched alkanes involves identifying the longest carbon chain as the parent chain.

The location of branches in branched hydrocarbons is indicated by a number before the branch name.

The process of naming branched alkenes and alkynes involves numbering from the end closest to the multiple bond.

The naming of hydrocarbons with multiple branches follows alphabetical order and location numbering.

Transcripts

[Music]

good day everyone

in our previous topic we talk about how

atoms become stable through chemical

bonding

we also talk about ionic bond and

covalent bond

for the recap ionic bond is the

attraction between metal and non-metal

it also involves transfer of electrons

while covalent bond is the attraction

between non-metals

and it happens through sharing of

electrons now for today's lesson we're

going to talk about

hydrocarbons but before that let us

discuss

first carbon carbon is the sixth element

in the periodic table

it has a valence electrons of four like

other non-metals

carbon needs to bond with other atoms

since carbon has four valence electrons

each valence electron participates in

the bonding and distributes evenly over

the atom surface carbon can also bond

with itself

this ability makes the carbon a unique

atom

because of this uniqueness carbon can

produce

numerous organic compounds including all

kinds of chain

and ring molecules carbon forms

more compounds than most other atoms and

it is the primary components of

organic compounds one of this is

hydrocarbons

hydrocarbons is organic compound that

consists of hydrogen and carbon

each hydrocarbon molecules consists of

carbon backbone with hydrogen

attached to that backbone a single

carbon atom can bond to four hydrogen

atoms

there are different types of

hydrocarbons which includes

alkanes alkenes and alkynes alkanes have

only single bonds between

carbon atoms and they are called

saturated hydrocarbons

alkenes have at least one double bond

carbon to carbon

alkynes have at least one triple bond

carbon to carbon

alkynes and alkynes are called

unsaturated hydrocarbons

now let's start with alkanes these are

the simplest hydrocarbon which consists

of single bond of carbon to carbon

again a single carbon atom can bond

to four hydrogen atoms to become stable

as i mentioned a while ago carbon can

bond with itself

for example carbon bond to another

carbon

we all know that carbon have four

valence electrons and need

four electrons to become stable now in

this example

since carbon already share its one

valence electron to another carbon

how many hydrogen do we need for the

first carbon to become stable

[Music]

yes we need three hydrogen atoms

how about the second carbon how many

hydrogen do we need for the second

carbon to become stable

yes we also need three hydrogen atoms

now how about when there are three

carbon atoms

how many hydrogen do we need for the

first carbon to become stable

yes we need three hydrogen atoms how

about the second carbon how many

hydrogen do we need for the second

carbon to become stable

yes we need two hydrogen atoms since the

other two electrons

are bond to other carbon how about the

third carbon

how many hydrogen do we need for the

third carbon to become stable

yes we need three hydrogen atoms

now this structure is what we called

expanded structural formula

aside from this one we can also use

condensed structural formula

condensed structural formula show the

order of atoms like structural formula

but are written in a single line to save

space

and make it more convenient and faster

to write out

condensed structural formulas are also

helpful when showing that a group of

atoms is connected to a single atom in a

compound

now how are we going to write condensed

structural formula

for example for this one we're going to

write

first the carbon bond then after that

we're going to count how many hydrogen

is bonded to that carbon

for the first carbon how many hydrogen

is bonded

yes we have three so we're going to

write ch3

for the second carbon we have two

hydrogen so we're going to write

ch2 for the third carbon

we're going to write ch3 since we have

three hydrogen atom now let's try this

one again we're going to write the

carbon first

then followed by the hydrogen so for

this example we have

two carbon and each carbon have three

hydrogen

and next for this one obviously it is

ch4

now this expanded and condensed

structural formula can be compressed

into molecular formula when we say

molecular formula it consists of

chemical

symbols for the constituent elements

followed by numeric subscript describing

the number of

atoms of each element present in the

molecule

for example for this condensed

structural formula

how many carbon do we have yes we have

three how about the hydrogen yes we have

eight so we have three carbon and eight

hydrogen

then the molecular formula for this one

is c3h8

how about this one how many carbon do we

have

yes we have two and how many hydrogen do

we have

yes we have six so therefore the

molecular formula is c2h6

and for this one we still have ch4

now how are we going to name

hydrocarbons

the international union of pure and

applied chemistry system

is used for the naming of organic

compounds

as a general rule the name should end

with the last syllable of the family or

group where it belongs

so therefore in naming alkane group it

should end with

a and e aside from that in naming

hydrocarbons we must also consider the

number of carbons

for example if the number of carbon is

one

then we will use the freyfix meth if

there are two carbons we're going to use

f for three carbons we're going to use

prop

for four we're going to use butte for

five we're going to use

pen for six hex for seven

hat for eight oct for nine non

for ten deck now let's go back to our

previous example

using a u-pack let us name these

hydrocarbons

for this one since it's only have one

carbon therefore we're going to use the

prefix meth

then we're going to add the last

syllable of the family name which is a

and e so the name of this hydrocarbons

is

methane how about this one since there

are two carbons we're going to use

f then add the last syllable of the

family name which is a and e

so the name of this hydrocarbon is

ethane

for this one since there are three

carbons we're going to use prop

and then add the lassi level of the

family name which is a and e

so the name of this hydrocarbon is

propane

now here's the list of the name of

alkanes now let's try it

vice versa so from the name we're going

to give the condensed structural formula

and molecular formula let's try with

butane

in writing condensed structural formula

you need to first

write the carbon in butane butte

indicates that there are four

carbon then after writing carbon we're

going to write the bond

a and e indicates that there are single

bond between those

four carbon then after writing the

carbon and then the bond between those

carbons

we're going to supply how many hydrogen

is needed per carbon

just a reminder carbon needs to share

four

electrons to become stable so for the

first carbon since one electron is

already shared to other carbon atom

we only need three hydrogen for the

second

since two electron is already shared to

other carbon atom

we only need two hydrogen same with the

third carbon

and for the last carbon we need three

hydrogen and we're done here's the

condensed structural formula for butane

now how are we going to write the

molecular formula without

looking at the condensed structural

formula so if the given is just the name

of the alkane

we're going to use this general formula

where

n stands for the number of carbon for

butane we have four

carbons so we have c4 for the hydrogen

two times the number of carbon plus two

so we have two times

four plus two that is equals to ten

so therefore the molecular formula for

butane is c4h10

to double check if it is matched with

our condensed structural formula

we have four carbon and for hydrogen we

have three

plus two plus two plus three so that is

equal to

10 then we have c4 h10

now let's proceed to alkene alkene

contains double bond between two carbons

for example two carbon atom with a

double bond

with this both carbon will only need two

hydrogen to become stable

since they already share two electrons

with each other

now how about this one how are we going

to name this hydrocarbon

first we need to find where is the

location of the double bond

then once found we're going to number

the carbon

and we're gonna start the numbering near

the location of the double bond

so this is carbon one two three

and four the double bond is located at

carbon one

therefore the name of this carbon is one

butane one indicates the location of the

double bond

let's do it vice versa i'm going to give

the name of the hydrocarbons then we're

going to write the condensed structural

formula

so the given is 3 octane in writing

condensed structural formula the first

step is to determine

how many carbons are there based on the

name

there are eight carbons since the prefix

use is opt

now we're going to write the eight

carbons next we're going to write the

bond between

carbons based on the name the double

bond is located

at the third carbon so we're going to

write the double bond

between third and fourth carbon now

after writing the double bond we're

gonna put the single bond on the other

carbon atoms

then after that the last step is we're

gonna supply

carbon with hydrogen for the first

carbon we need three hydrogen

for the second carbon we need two

hydrogen

for the third and fourth carbon we only

need

one hydrogen for the

fifth sixth and seven carbon we need two

hydrogens for each and for the last

carbon we need

three hydrogen now let's proceed with

alkyne

which contains 3 pole bond for example

2 carbon atom with a triple bond with

this

both carbon will only need 1 hydrogen to

become stable

since they already share three electrons

with each other

now how about this one what is the name

of this hydrocarbon

first we need to find where is the

location of the triple bond

then once found we're going to number

the carbon and we're going to start

numbering near the location of the

triple bond

so this is carbon 1 2 3 4

5 6 and 7. the triple bond is located at

carbon 2.

therefore the name of this hydrocarbon

is two heptane

two indicates the location of the triple

bond

half indicates that there are seven

carbon

y and e indicates that there are triple

bond located

at carbon 2. now let's do it vice versa

i'm going to give the name of the

hydrocarbons

then we're going to write condensed

structural formula

so the given is 3 hex sine in writing

condensed structural formula the first

step is to determine

how many carbons are there based on the

name there are six

carbon since the prefix used is hex

now we're going to write the six carbons

next we're going to write the bond

between carbons

based on the name the triple bond is

located at the third carbon

so we're gonna put triple bond in

between third and fourth carbon

now after writing the triple bond we're

gonna put single

bond on the other carbon atoms then

after that

the last step is we're going to supply

the carbon with hydrogen

for the first carbon we need three

hydrogen

for the second carbon we only need two

hydrogen

for the third and fourth carbon we don't

need

a hydrogen why because those

two carbons already share its four

electrons

to other carbon atom now

for the fifth carbon we only need two

hydrogen

for the six carbon we only need three

hydrogen atoms

many hydrocarbons have branches attached

to a chain

they are called branch hydrocarbons now

how are we going to name branch

hydrocarbons

for example this one i am going to give

you the step-by-step procedure

on how are you going to name branch

alkanes

first you need to locate the parent

chain or the longest chain of carbon

second number the carbon atoms of the

parent chain starting from the end

where the branch is closer now since the

branch is located here

we're gonna start the numbering here

third

name the parent chain since there are

five carbons

the name of the parent chain is pentane

port name the branch then attach it as a

prefix of the parent chain

in naming branch or alkyl group we're

going to apply

same rules number of carbons plus the

family name

as you can see on the given the branch

attached have one carbon

so we're going to use the graphics myth

and we're going to add the family name

which is yl

so math plus yl equals to methyl

then we're going to attach the branch

name to the parent chain name

then fifth place the location number of

the branch in front

of the resulting name as you can see the

branch is located

at carbon 2. note that commas are used

between numbers dashes are used between

letters and numbers

so the name of this hydrocarbons is 2

methylpentane let's have another example

we're going to follow same steps first

locate the parent chain or the longest

chain of carbon

second number the carbon atoms of the

parent chain starting from the end

where the branch is closer so since the

branch is closer here

we're gonna start the numbering here

third

name the parent chain since there are

six carbons the name of the parent chain

is hexane

fourth name the branch then attach it as

a prefix of the parent chain

as you can see there are three branch

attached to the parent chain

and we're going to name each branch this

first two branch is methyl

and this one since there are two carbons

we're going to use prefix at plus yl

therefore this is ethyl now the question

is

which one are we going to write first is

it the methyl or the ethyl

if there are two or more branch we're

going to write it

alphabetically so we're going to write

first the ethyl followed by methyl

now where is the location of ethyl ethyl

is located at carbon four

so we're gonna write four ethyl this

indicates that

ethyl is located at carbon four how

about the two metal

based on the given the two metal are

both located

at carbon two so we're going to write 2

dimethyl as you can see we put prefix

dye in front of metal

this indicates that there are two metal

the number two two indicates the

location of the two methyl note that

commas are used between numbers

dashes are used between letters and

numbers so here's the name of this

hydrocarbon

so for ethyl 2 dimethylhexane

now let's proceed to branch alkene and

alkyne

let's have this one we're going to

follow the step-by-step procedure

first locate the parent chain or the

longest chain of carbon

second number the carbon atoms of the

parent chain starting from the end where

the double bond or triple band

is closer in this example since the

double band is located here

we're gonna start the numbering from

this end

third find the location of the double

band or triple band

then place it in front of the name of

the parent chain

in this example the location of the

double bond is at carbon one

so we're going to write one pentine

tenth indicates that there are five

carbons

e and e indicates that there are double

band located

at carbon 4th step

name the branch then place the location

number of the branch

in front of the resulting name the

branch

attached to the parent chain is methyl

because there are

only one carbon the location of the

metal

is at carbon 3 so we're gonna write

three

methyl the name of this hydrocarbons is

three metal

one pentine now let's have another

example

we're gonna follow the step-by-step

procedure first

locate the parent chain or the longest

chain of the carbon

second number the carbon atoms of the

parent chain starting from the end

where the double bond or triple bond is

closer

in this example the triple band is

located here

so we're gonna start the numbering from

this end

third find the location of the double

band or triple band

then place it in front of the name of

the parent chain

in this example the location of the

triple bond is at carbon 2

so we're gonna write 2 heptine hep

indicate that there are seven carbons y

and e

indicates that there is a triple bond

located at carbon 2. for the port step

name the branch then place the location

number of the branch in front of the

resulting name

in this example there are four branches

so we're going to name

each branch this one is ethyl and these

three are all methyl again if there are

two or more branches

we're going to write it alphabetically

so we're going to write first the ethyl

followed by methyl we have four ethyl

four

indicates that ethyl is located at

carbon four

then after writing ethyl we're going to

write methyl

so we have four six six tri methyl

as you can see there is a fretfix tri in

front of

methyl cry indicates that there are

three methyl

located at carbon four six six

so the name of this hydrocarbon is four

ethyl

four six six dry methyl metal 2-heptine

now let's do it vice versa

this time we're going to illustrate the

branch hydrocarbons

let's try this one 2 2 6 6 tetra methyl

octane

now i will be giving the step-by-step

procedure

first write the carbon chain based on

the name of the parent chain

for this example the name of the parent

chain

is octane oct indicate that there

are eight carbons if the parent chain

indicates that there is a double bond or

triple bond

draw it first draw it based on the

location written on the name

then draw single bond in between other

carbon atoms

in this example based on the parent name

obtained

the bond between carbon atom are just

single band

for the third step write the branch

based on the given name

in this example the name of the branch

is methyl

as you notice there is a prefix tetla

in front of methyl and that indicates

that there are four metal

and it is located at carbon two two six

six for the fourth step

supply the hydrogen needed for each

carbon atom

for the first carbon we need three

hydrogen

for the second carbon we don't need a

hydrogen

since the four valence electron of

carbon is already bonded to other

carbon atom for the third fourth and

fifth

carbon we need two hydrogen each

for the six carbon we don't need a

hydrogen since all the four electrons

is already bonded to other carbon atom

for the seventh carbon we need two

hydrogen

for the eighth carbon we need three

hydrogen

now let's have another example let's

have four ethyl six

methyl one three hep the yin for the

first step

write the carbon chain based on the name

of the parent chain

for this example the name of the parent

chain is hep diene

hep indicates that there are seven

carbons for the second step

if the parent chain indicates that there

is a double band or triple band

grow it first draw it based on the

location

written on the name then write the

single bond in between

other carbon atoms in this example

based on the parent chain one tree hep

the

inn e and e indicates that there are

double bond

now have you noticed that there is a dye

in between hep

and ene the word dye indicates that

there are two

double bond and it is located at carbon

1

and carbon 3. for the third step write

the branch

based on the given name on this example

the name of the branch is ethyl and

methyl

the ethyl is located at carbon 4 while

methyl is located at carbon 6.

for the fourth step supply the hydrogen

needed for each carbon atom

for the first carbon we only need two

hydrogen for the second carbon we need

one hydrogen for the third carbon we

need one hydrogen

for the fourth carbon we don't need a

hydrogen

for the fifth carbon we need two

hydrogen

for the six carbon we need one hydrogen

for the seventh carbon we need three

hydrogen

let's have another example let's have

three at till

four five dimethyl one heptine

we're gonna follow the same steps for

the first step

write the carbon chain based on the name

of the parent chain

for this example the name of the parent

chain is heptine

hep indicates that there are seven

carbons

for the second step if the parent chain

indicates that there is a double bond or

triple band

grow it first draw it based on the

location

written on the name then draw the single

bond in between other carbon atoms

in this example based on the parent name

one half

time one y and e indicates that there is

a triple bond

and it is located at carbon one for the

third step

write the branch based on the given name

on this example

the name of the branch is ethyl and

methyl

the ethyl is located at carbon 3 notice

the word

die before methyl it indicates that

there is a

two methyl for the fourth step supply

the hydrogen needed for each carbon atom

for the first carbon we only need one

hydrogen

for the second carbon we don't need a

hydrogen

since the four valence electrons of this

carbon is already bonded to other carbon

next for the third carbon we need one

hydrogen

for the fourth carbon we need one

hydrogen for the fifth carbon we need

one hydrogen

and for the six carbon we need two

hydrogen and for the 7th carbon we need

3 hydrogen

[Music]

you