Centrala nervsystemets uppbyggnad och funktion

Magnus Ehinger
11 Oct 201711:15

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the anatomy and functionality of the central nervous system, focusing on the brain and spinal cord. It introduces a downloadable document for viewers to engage with as they learn. The script covers the brain's structure, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, as well as protective layers like the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It explores the roles of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and the lobes of the cerebrum, emphasizing their significance in memory, movement, and sensory processing. The script also addresses the outdated notion of left and right brain dominance, highlighting the brain's interconnectedness.

Takeaways

  • 🧠 The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
  • 🔍 The brain is a complex organ that is still largely unexplored by science, alongside the universe and the world's oceans.
  • đŸ‹ïžâ€â™‚ïž The brain is energy-intensive, weighing about 1.5 kg and using 20% of the oxygen we intake.
  • 🌐 The brain is composed of approximately 100 billion neurons, each connected to thousands or even tens of thousands of other neurons.
  • 📚 The brain is protected by the skull and three layers of meninges: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
  • 💧 Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles in the brain and acts as a barrier between blood and brain tissue.
  • 🌳 The brainstem, including the midbrain and pons, is the evolutionarily oldest part of the brain, controlling basic functions like pain, consciousness, and balance.
  • 🔄 The thalamus acts as a relay station for nerve signals entering and exiting the brain, while the hypothalamus controls body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, and sleep.
  • 📈 The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory formation, and its deterioration is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
  • đŸ€Č The basal ganglia, located at the base of the cerebral hemispheres, coordinate skeletal muscles and are affected in Parkinson's disease.
  • 👃 The olfactory lobes are responsible for processing smell, which is directly connected to the brain, possibly contributing to strong olfactory memories.
  • ⚖ The cerebellum, located at the back of the head, is responsible for muscle control and balance and may also be involved in problem-solving.
  • đŸ§© The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal, each responsible for different cognitive functions.
  • 🌉 The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.
  • 🎹 The left hemisphere is often associated with logic and language, while the right hemisphere is linked to creativity and spatial perception, although modern research shows that creativity involves multiple brain areas.

Q & A

  • What is the central nervous system composed of?

    -The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

  • What is the brain's weight and its energy consumption in relation to the body?

    -The brain weighs approximately 1.5 kg and consumes about 20% of the oxygen we intake, making it a very energy-demanding organ.

  • How many nerve cells does the brain consist of, and how are they interconnected?

    -The brain consists of roughly 100 billion nerve cells, each directly connected with thousands or even tens of thousands of other nerve cells.

  • What are the three layers that enclose the brain?

    -The brain is enclosed by the skull and three different membranes: the hard membrane, the arachnoid membrane, and the soft membrane.

  • What is cerebrospinal fluid and where is it located?

    -Cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid located between the arachnoid membrane and the soft membrane, filling cavities in the brain called ventricles.

  • What is the function of the blood vessels in the brain?

    -Blood vessels serve the brain, and all substance transport occurs via cerebrospinal fluid and special cells, a type of glial cells, that envelop nerve cells.

  • What is the role of the brain stem and the extended medulla?

    -The brain stem and the extended medulla are the evolutionarily oldest parts of the brain, responsible for basic functions such as pain, wakefulness and sleep (in the midbrain), and balance (in the pons). They also act as a relay station.

  • What is the function of the hypothalamus and its relationship with the pituitary gland?

    -The hypothalamus contains control mechanisms for blood pressure, body temperature, metabolism, and sleep. It also releases some hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.

  • What is the hippocampus and its significance?

    -The hippocampus is a structure in the brain important for memory consolidation, as its nerve cells breakdown in Alzheimer's disease leads to short-term memory loss.

  • What are the basal ganglia and their role in the body?

    -The basal ganglia are clusters of neurons at the base of the brain that coordinate skeletal muscles, and their dysfunction is associated with Parkinson's disease.

  • What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    -The cerebellum's main function is to control muscles to maintain balance and it likely has a role in problem-solving.

  • What are the four main lobes of the cerebrum and their locations?

    -The frontal lobe is at the front of the forehead, the parietal lobe is behind and above it, the occipital lobe is at the back of the head, and the temporal lobe is on the sides.

  • What is the significance of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    -The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate with each other.

  • How is the left hemisphere of the brain typically characterized, and is this characterization accurate?

    -The left hemisphere is often characterized as the 'academic half', responsible for language, speech, information storage, and mathematical and logical ability. However, modern measurements of brain function show that creativity requires multiple parts of the brain to work together, so it's not accurate to say one is governed by their right brain hemisphere just because they are a good musician or artist.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Central Nervous System and Brain Anatomy

The script introduces the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. It mentions a downloadable document to aid in understanding the brain's anatomy. The brain is described as an organ weighing about 1.5 kg and consuming 20% of the oxygen we intake, highlighting its high energy demand. It consists of around 100 billion neurons, each connected to thousands or even tens of thousands of other neurons. The script then guides the viewer to identify parts of the brain on an MRI image, such as the cerebrum and cerebellum. It explains the brain is protected by the skull and three layers of meninges: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The cerebrospinal fluid, found between the arachnoid and pia mater, fills the brain's ventricles. The script also discusses the blood vessels serving the brain and the blood-brain barrier formed by cerebrospinal fluid and glial cells. It then describes various brain structures including the brainstem, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and their roles in basic body functions. The thalamus and hypothalamus are also introduced, with the latter being connected to the pituitary gland, which regulates other glands in the body.

05:03

🧬 Brain Structures and Their Functions

This section delves into specific brain structures such as the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory formation and is affected in Alzheimer's disease. The basal ganglia, located at the base of the cerebrum, are responsible for coordinating skeletal muscles and are implicated in Parkinson's disease. The olfactory lobes, situated near the nose, are highlighted for their direct connection to the brain, potentially contributing to strong olfactory memories. The cerebellum, located at the back of the head, is described as controlling muscle movements for balance and possibly involved in problem-solving. The script then discusses the lobes of the cerebrum: the frontal lobe, which houses personality, problem-solving, and motor centers; the parietal lobe, responsible for processing sensory input from the body; the occipital lobe, which processes visual information; and the temporal lobe, involved in interpreting auditory and visual stimuli and learning. The corpus callosum, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, is mentioned, as well as the cerebral cortex's outer layer, the gray matter, and the inner white matter composed of axons.

10:09

đŸ€” Hemispheres of the Brain and Their Roles

The final paragraph addresses the two hemispheres of the brain, known as hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. It challenges the outdated notion of left-brain (associated with logic and language) and right-brain (associated with creativity and intuition) dominance, emphasizing that creativity involves multiple brain regions working together. The script corrects the misconception that being a musician or artist is solely governed by the right brain hemisphere, highlighting the complexity and interconnectivity of brain functions.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Central Nervous System (CNS)

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the core part of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord. In the video, it is highlighted as the main focus of the discussion, emphasizing its role as the control center for the body's functions. The CNS is crucial for processing information from the body and the environment, as well as initiating appropriate responses.

💡Neurons

Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical signals. The script mentions that the brain consists of approximately 100 billion neurons, each connected to thousands or even tens of thousands of other neurons. This vast network of neurons is what allows for complex cognitive functions and bodily responses.

💡Brain Anatomy

The video script delves into the anatomy of the brain, explaining its various structures such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Understanding brain anatomy is key to grasping how different regions of the brain contribute to different functions, such as movement, sensation, and cognition.

💡Meninges

Meninges are the protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The script describes these layers as crucial for shielding the delicate neural tissues from physical damage, illustrating their importance in maintaining brain health.

💡Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord, mentioned in the script as filling the ventricles within the brain. CSF is vital for cushioning the brain, providing buoyancy, and removing metabolic waste products. It also plays a role in immune defense.

💡Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

The Blood-Brain Barrier is a selective barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain while allowing others to pass. The script explains that the BBB, along with glial cells, forms a protective barrier that shields the brain from harmful substances found in the bloodstream.

💡Brainstem

The brainstem is a part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord and is responsible for many automatic functions, such as breathing and heart rate. The script refers to it as the evolutionarily oldest part of the brain, highlighting its role in basic survival functions.

💡Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. As described in the script, it controls various bodily functions, including blood pressure, body temperature, and sleep, making it a key player in homeostasis.

💡Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a seahorse-shaped structure in the brain that plays a critical role in memory formation. The script points out its importance in learning and memory, noting that its deterioration is associated with Alzheimer's disease, which affects short-term memory loss.

💡Basal Ganglia

Basal ganglia are clusters of neurons at the base of the brain that are involved in the control of voluntary movements. The script mentions that damage to the basal ganglia is linked to Parkinson's disease, which affects motor control and coordination.

💡Cerebellum

The cerebellum is a region of the brain that is crucial for motor control, balance, and coordination. The script describes its structure, with an outer layer of gray matter and an inner layer of white matter, and explains its role in maintaining bodily balance.

💡Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thought, action, and consciousness. The script describes the four lobes of the cortex (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) and their respective roles in movement, sensation, hearing, and vision.

💡Corpus Callosum

The corpus callosum is a band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them. The script clarifies the misconception between 'callosum' and 'callosum', emphasizing its role in integrating the functions of the two brain hemispheres.

Highlights

Introduction to the central nervous system's function, including the brain and spinal cord.

Mention of a downloadable document to aid in understanding the brain's anatomy.

The brain is a fascinating organ, often compared to the universe and the world's oceans in terms of mystery.

The brain's weight is approximately 1.5 kg and it consumes about 20% of the oxygen we intake.

The brain consists of around 100 billion neurons, each connected to thousands or even tens of thousands of other neurons.

An MRI image of the brain is used to illustrate its anatomy.

The brain is encased in the skull and protected by three layers known as the meninges.

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles in the brain and provides cushioning.

The brain is protected by the skull and meninges, with cerebrospinal fluid between the arachnoid and pia mater.

Blood vessels serve the brain, and the exchange of substances occurs via cerebrospinal fluid and glial cells.

The brain has a barrier formed by cerebrospinal fluid and glial cells that protects it from harmful substances.

The brainstem is the evolutionarily oldest part of the brain, involved in basic body functions.

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland and controls various bodily functions, including blood pressure and body temperature.

The thalamus acts as a relay station for nerve signals entering and exiting the brain.

The hippocampus is crucial for memory formation, and its deterioration is associated with Alzheimer's disease.

The basal ganglia, located at the base of the cerebrum, coordinate skeletal muscles and are affected in Parkinson's disease.

The olfactory lobes are responsible for processing smell and are directly connected to the brain.

The cerebellum, located at the back of the head, is responsible for muscle control and balance.

The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal, each with distinct functions.

The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with language, logic, and mathematics, while the right hemisphere is linked to creativity and spatial perception.

Transcripts

play00:00

I tidigare videor har jag pratat om nervsystemets uppbyggnad hos olika djurgrupper, och hur nervcellen fungerar.

play00:07

DÄ Àr det nu dags att titta nÀrmare pÄ hur centrala nervsystemet fungerar.

play00:12

Men innan jag gÄr in pÄ det ska jag berÀtta att jag har gjort ett dokument som du kan ladda ner och skriva ut och hÀnga med i

play00:18

och fylla i hjÀrnans olika delar medan du ser den hÀr videogenomgÄngen. LÀnken hittar du i beskrivningen!

play00:25

Det centrala nervsystemet, det vet du sen innan att det bestÄr av hjÀrna och ryggmÀrg.

play00:31

Och nu blir det lite för dig att anteckna ocksÄ. HjÀrnan Àr nÀmligen ett fantastiskt organ!

play00:37

Ibland sÀger man sÄhÀr, att det finns tre stora omrÄden som vetenskapen har kvar att utforska.

play00:43

Det Ă€r universum, de stora vĂ€rldshaven – och sĂ„ hjĂ€rnan.

play00:48

Men vi vet ÀndÄ lite grann om den,

play00:50

till exempel att den vÀger ungefÀr 1,5 kg men ÀndÄ förbrukar hela 20 % av syrgasen vi fÄr i oss.

play00:58

Den Àr alltsÄ ett vÀldigt energikrÀvande organ.

play01:02

HjÀrnan bestÄr av sisÄdÀr en 100 miljarder nervceller,

play01:05

och var och en av dem Àr direkt sammankopplad med tusentals eller kanske till och med tiotusentals andra nervceller.

play01:13

DÄ ska vi ta och titta lite nÀrmare pÄ hjÀrnans anatomi, det vill sÀga dess uppbyggnad.

play01:18

HÀr Àr en MRI-bild, eller magnetröntgenbild som det ibland ocksÄ kallas, av hjÀrnan.

play01:24

Du kan till exempel se storhjÀrnan hÀr och lillhjÀrnan hÀr.

play01:29

Men nu har det blivit dags för dig att plocka fram det dÀr dokumentet dÀr du kan fylla i hjÀrnans olika delar!

play01:34

DÄ ser vi ocksÄ lite tydligare hur hjÀrnan Àr uppbyggd.

play01:38

HjÀrnan omsluts helt av skallbenen i kraniet, men ocksÄ av tre olika hinnor.

play01:44

Hinnorna Àr den hÄrda hinnan, spindelvÀvshinnan och den mjuka hinnan. Vi ska alldeles strax skriva lite mer om dem.

play01:52

Mellan spindelvÀvshinnan och den mjuka hinnan finns en vÀtska som kallas för cerebrospinalvÀtska eller

play01:58

hjÀrn- och ryggmÀrgsvÀtska. Den vÀtskan fyller ut en del hÄlrum i hjÀrnan som kallas för ventriklar.

play02:06

Nu skriver vi dÄ om hjÀrnans anatomi att skallben och hjÀrnhinnor skyddar hjÀrnan.

play02:11

Vi har hÄrda hinnan ytterst, och sedan följer spindelvÀvshinnan och den mjuka hinnan innerst.

play02:17

Och sÄ var det dÄ cerebrospinalvÀtskan, som finns mellan spindelvÀvshinnan och den mjuka hinnan.

play02:23

DÀr finns ocksÄ blodkÀrl som servar hjÀrnan.

play02:26

All Àmnestransport sker via cerebrospinalvÀtskan och speciella celler, en typ av gliaceller, som omsluter nervcellerna.

play02:36

CerebrospinalvÀtskan och gliacellerna bildar en slags barriÀr mellan blodet och hjÀrnan.

play02:42

Den skyddar hjÀrnan, och stÀnger ute sÄdant som kan vara skadligt.

play02:46

Vi blÀddrar tillbaka till bilden av hjÀrnan och fyller i nÄgra prylar till.

play02:51

HÀr har vi en struktur som kallas för hjÀrnstammen, och nedanför den, den förlÀngda mÀrgen.

play02:58

Och den förlÀngda mÀrgen Àr dÄ en förlÀngning pÄ ryggmÀrgen hÀr nere.

play03:03

HjĂ€rnstammen kan man dela upp i fler delar, mitthjĂ€rnan som ligger ungefĂ€r hĂ€r – och bryggan, som Ă€r hĂ€r.

play03:10

HjÀrnstammen Àr den evolutionÀrt Àldsta delen av hjÀrnan och anlÀggs mycket tidigt nÀr embryot utvecklas.

play03:17

Den kallas ocksĂ„ ibland för ”reptilhjĂ€rnan”, men det Ă€r ju inte riktigt ett vetenskapligt korrekt namn.

play03:23

Tillsammans med förlÀngda mÀrgen sköter den kroppens riktigt grundlÀggande funktioner.

play03:29

Vi skriver sÄhÀr, att hjÀrnstammen och förlÀngda mÀrgen Àr de evolutionÀrt Àldsta delarna av hjÀrnan.

play03:35

De sköter grundlÀggande funktioner, sÄsom smÀrta, vakenhet och sömn (i mitthjÀrnan) och balansförmÄga (i bryggan).

play03:45

Den fungerar ocksÄ som en omkopplingsstation, och mitthjÀrnan och bryggan Àr alltsÄ tvÄ delar av hjÀrnstammen.

play03:51

Andning, blodtryck, hjÀrtrytm och matspjÀlkning styrs frÄn den förlÀngda mÀrgen.

play03:57

Tillbaka till vÄr anatomibild nu,

play03:58

sÄ ska du fylla i att vi har en del av hjÀrnan hÀr som kallas för talamus, och under den ligger hypotalamus.

play04:06

Den stÄr i sin tur i förbindelse med hypofysen,

play04:09

en körtel som utsöndrar hormoner som i sin tur styr mÄnga av kroppens andra körtlar.

play04:16

Vi skriver sÄhÀr: I mellanhjÀrnan (förvÀxla den dÄ inte med mitthjÀrnan, som sitter i hjÀrnstammen!) finns talamus,

play04:26

som man kan betrakta som ingĂ„ngen eller ”porten” till hjĂ€rnan.

play04:30

Det Àr en kopplingsstation dÀr nervsignaler sorteras och skickas vidare in i hjÀrnan

play04:35

eller Ät andra hÄllet ut frÄn hjÀrnan och vidare ut i kroppen via ryggmÀrgen.

play04:41

I hypotalamus finner man kontrollmekanismer för blodtryck, kroppstemperatur, ÀmnesomsÀttning och sömn.

play04:48

Hypotalamus avger Àven en del hormoner. NÄgra avges till hypofysen, och styr den.

play04:55

Andra hormoner som vasopressin eller ADH och oxytocin, har andra funktioner i kroppen.

play05:02

Jag pratar mer om dem i min videogenomgÄng om hormonsystemet.

play05:07

Hippocampus Àr en annan kul struktur i hjÀrnan som jag tycker att du ska kÀnna till.

play05:12

I animeringen hÀr till höger ser du den rödfÀrgad.

play05:16

Den har betydelse för inlagring av minnen, alltsÄ hur man minns.

play05:20

Det vet man för att hos personer med Alzheimers sjukdom har nervcellerna i hippocampus börjat brytas ner,

play05:27

vilket leder till förlust av korttidsminnet. Men exakt hur den dÀr inlagringen gÄr till, det vet man INTE.

play05:35

Vi ska tillbaka en kort stund till vÄr anatomibild för att jag ska visa var de basala ganglierna sitter nÄgonstans.

play05:42

Var lugn, alldeles strax ska vi skriva nÄgot om dem ocksÄ!

play05:46

Det Àr speciella strukturer som sitter i basen av storhjÀrnan, ungefÀr hÀr.

play05:55

Nu skriver vi att basala ganglier (eller basala kÀrnor, som de ocksÄ kallas)

play05:59

Àr samlingar eller kluster av neuroner i basen pÄ storhjÀrnan.

play06:04

Man vet att de koordinerar skelettmuskulaturen,

play06:07

dÀrför att hos personer med Parkinsons sjukdom Àr just de basala ganglierna pÄverkade.

play06:14

Kanske Àr det ocksÄ i de basala ganglierna som förmÄgan att vÀlja mellan olika alternativ sitter.

play06:23

Vi mÄste ocksÄ prata lite grann om luktloben (eller rÀttare sagt luktloberna, eftersom man bÄde en till höger och en till vÀnster).

play06:31

De sitter hÀr ute, vid nÀsan (förstÄs), och de rödfÀrgade nervcellerna leder sedan luktsignalerna rÀtt in i hjÀrnan.

play06:43

Det Àr som en motorvÀg rakt in i hjÀrnan, alltsÄ. Det Àr troligen en av anledningarna till att luktminnet Àr sÄ pass starkt.

play06:51

LillhjÀrnan nÀmnde jag redan i början,

play06:53

och i den hĂ€r animeringen kan du se var den sitter i huvudet – i nacken, under storhjĂ€rnan.

play07:00

HÀr till höger Àr nu en bild av ett snitt genom lillhjÀrnan.

play07:04

Man kan se att den har ett veckat lager av grÄ substans ytterst. Den bestÄr av nervcellskroppar och gliaceller.

play07:13

Det inre lagret kallas för vit substans, och bestÄr av kraftigt förgrenade axon, alltsÄ utskott och förbindelser frÄn nervcellerna.

play07:23

LillhjÀrnans frÀmsta uppgift Àr att styra musklerna sÄ att vi kan hÄlla balansen.

play07:27

Den har troligen ocksÄ nÄgon funktion vid problemlösning.

play07:33

Nu tar vi och kikar pÄ storhjÀrnan och först och frÀmst dess olika lober eller delar.

play07:38

Även den hĂ€r bilden har du i dokumentet dĂ€r du kan fylla i namnen pĂ„ de olika strukturerna.

play07:44

Framme i pannan hittar vi frontalloben. Bakom och upptill om den sitter hjÀssloben, och lÀngst bak i nacken nackloben.

play07:53

PĂ„ sidan sitter tinningloben. Alltihopa ganska logiskt faktiskt.

play07:57

Vi tar och skriver nÄgot om dem ocksÄ.

play08:01

I frontalloben sitter stora delar av vÄrt förstÄnd, personlighet och förmÄga att lösa problem.

play08:08

DÀr sitter ocksÄ nÄgra viktiga motoriska centra, som jag pratar mer om alldeles strax.

play08:13

I hjÀssloben finns det Ä andra sidan sensoriska centra, som samordnar intryck frÄn rörelseapparaten.

play08:21

Det gör att dÀr skapas vÄr bild av vÄr omvÀrld. Nackloben tar emot synintryck, och sorterar dem efter form och fÀrg.

play08:30

De signalerna skickas vidare till tinning- och pannloberna för slutlig tolkning.

play08:36

Och ja, i tinningloben tolkas dÄ syn- och hörselintryck.

play08:41

DĂ€r finns ocksĂ„ centrum för inlĂ€rning
 sĂ„ jag hoppas att det Ă€r extra aktivt hos dig just nu!

play08:48

Vi blÀddrar tillbaka till vÄr bild av loberna för att titta pÄ centralfÄran. Den ligger hÀr mellan frontal- och hjÀssloberna.

play08:57

Framför centralfÄran sitter en mÀngd motoriska centra, som alltsÄ styr vÄra kroppsrörelser.

play09:03

Bakom centralfÄran sitter istÀllet sensoriska centra,

play09:07

som jag sade Àr de som tar emot signaler frÄn kroppen och tolkar vÄr omvÀrld.

play09:13

Om man tÀnker sig att man tittar pÄ ett tvÀrsnitt genom hjÀrnan vid de sensoriska centrumen,

play09:18

sÄ har man faktiskt kunnat ta reda pÄ vad som tas emot var.

play09:23

HÀr, ner mot tinningloben, kommer signaler frÄn tungan, lÀpparna och ansiktet.

play09:31

Högre upp pÄ huvudet kÀnner man av huvud, axlar och armar, och ner mellan hjÀrnhalvorna fötter, tÄr och könsorgan.

play09:40

I den hÀr bilden kan du ocksÄ se det yttre, lite mörkare lagret som kallas för hjÀrnbark.

play09:46

Det Àr veckat och precis som i lillhjÀrnan bestÄr det av nervcellskroppar och gliaceller.

play09:52

Den inre, vita substansen bestÄr ocksÄ av kraftigt förgrenade axon som Àr inbÀddade i myelin

play09:58

(det vill sÀga de Àr myeliniserade).

play10:01

Nu blÀddrar vi tillbaka till den första bilden av hjÀrnans anatomi och fyller i den allra sista strukturen, nÀmligen hjÀrnbalken.

play10:09

FörvÀxla den nu inte med hjÀrnbaRken som jag pratade om alldeles nyss!

play10:15

HjÀrnbaLken förbinder de tvÄ hjÀrnhalvorna, och sitter alltsÄ hÀr emellan. HjÀrnans tvÄ halvor kallas för hemisfÀrer.

play10:24

Skriv ocksÄ att de Àr förbundna och kommunicerar med varandra via hjÀrnbalken.

play10:31

Den vĂ€nstra hjĂ€rnhalvan sĂ€ger man ibland att den Ă€r ”skolhalvan”:

play10:35

Den har koll pÄ sprÄk, tal, att lagra information och matematisk & logisk förmÄga.

play10:42

Den högra halvan sĂ€gs vara mer ”artistisk”, och kan uppfatta tredimensionella former, har intuition och fantasi.

play10:51

Det Àr nog en sanning som krÀver viss modifikation: Lite modernare mÀtningar av hjÀrnans funktion har visat att

play10:58

för kreativitet krÀvs det att flera delar av hjÀrnan samverkar och arbetar tillsammans.

play11:05

SÄ det gÄr inte att sÀga att man till exempel styrs av sin högra hjÀrnhalva

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bara för att man rÄkar vara en duktig musiker eller konstnÀr!

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