Health Belief and Transtheoretical Models - Fundamentals of Nursing | @LevelUpRN

Summary

In this informative video, Meris discusses two crucial models in nursing: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model. The Health Belief Model explains why individuals may or may not take action on health issues based on perceived severity and susceptibility. It also considers benefits, barriers, modifying factors, and self-efficacy. The Transtheoretical Model outlines six stages of behavior change, from pre-contemplation to termination, aiding in understanding how to support patients through lifestyle modifications.

Takeaways

• 🧠 The Health Belief Model is used to predict and explain an individual's health-related behaviors.
• 🌟 People are less likely to take action against a disease if they perceive it as not severe or don't see themselves as susceptible.
• 🏥 Benefits and barriers to taking action play a role in an individual's willingness to change their behavior.
• 👶 Modifying factors such as age, genetics, and gender can influence how a person views their health.
• 📢 Cues to action, like public service announcements, can change how a person perceives a health condition.
• 💪 Self-efficacy, or a person's belief in their ability to succeed, affects their likelihood of making a health behavior change.
• 🌱 The Transtheoretical Model outlines six stages of behavior change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
• 🤔 Pre-contemplation is the stage where an individual is not yet considering making a change.
• 💭 Contemplation is when a person is seriously thinking about making a change within the next six months.
• 🛠 Preparation involves making small steps towards change, indicating a likely action within the next month.
• 🏋️‍♂️ Action is the stage where the individual has made the change and is actively maintaining it.
• 🔄 Maintenance is when the change has been sustained for six months or more, indicating a long-term commitment to the new behavior.
• 💾 Termination is the final stage where the individual has fully adopted the new behavior and has no desire to revert to old habits.

Q & A

What is the Health Belief Model?

The Health Belief Model is used to explain and predict an individual's health-related behaviors, taking into account their perception of severity and susceptibility to a condition, as well as the benefits and barriers to taking action.

How does the Health Belief Model consider an individual's perception of a disease?

The model suggests that an individual is less likely to take action against a disease if they perceive it as not severe and do not believe they are susceptible to it.

What factors influence an individual's decision to take action against a disease according to the Health Belief Model?

Factors include the perceived benefits and barriers of taking action, individual characteristics like age, genetics, and gender, and cues to action such as public service announcements or billboards.

What is meant by 'cues to action' in the context of the Health Belief Model?

'Cues to action' are prompts or triggers that can come from society or personal experiences that influence how an individual perceives a health condition and may motivate them to take action.

How does self-efficacy play a role in an individual's health behavior as per the Health Belief Model?

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to successfully execute a behavior change. It influences how likely they are to undertake and maintain a new health behavior.

What is the Transtheoretical Model?

The Transtheoretical Model describes the six stages associated with behavior change, helping to understand how individuals progress from considering change to maintaining it.

Can you list the six stages of behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model?

The six stages are: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

What happens during the Pre-contemplation Stage of the Transtheoretical Model?

During the Pre-contemplation Stage, an individual is not aware of a need to change or is not considering change in the next six months.

In the Contemplation Stage, what is the individual likely to do?

In the Contemplation Stage, the individual is aware of the need for change and is thinking about it, with a likelihood of making the change within the next six months.

What does the Preparation Stage indicate about an individual's readiness to change?

The Preparation Stage indicates that the individual is preparing to make a change, possibly making small adjustments, and is likely to make the change within the next 30 days.

How is the Maintenance Stage different from the Action Stage in the Transtheoretical Model?

The Action Stage signifies that the individual has made the change and the behavior is ongoing, while the Maintenance Stage means the change has been sustained for six or more months, indicating a longer-term commitment to the new behavior.

What does reaching the Termination Stage in the Transtheoretical Model signify?

Reaching the Termination Stage means the individual has successfully made a permanent lifestyle modification and has no desire to return to previous behaviors.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Health Belief Model & Transtheoretical Model Explained

In this segment, Meris introduces two key models in health psychology: the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model. The Health Belief Model predicts health-related behaviors based on an individual's perception of severity and susceptibility to a health condition. Meris uses Type 2 diabetes as an example to illustrate how personal experiences and family history can influence one's perception of risk. The model also considers the ease of taking action, benefits, barriers, modifying factors like age and genetics, and cues to action such as public service announcements. Self-efficacy, or an individual's belief in their ability to succeed, is highlighted as a critical factor in behavior change. The Transtheoretical Model outlines six stages of behavior change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination. Meris explains each stage using the example of someone becoming prediabetic and the steps they might take to prevent Type 2 diabetes. The video aims to help viewers understand how to support patients in making lasting behavior changes.

05:04

🗣️ Upcoming Discussion on Communication in Nursing

In the concluding part of the video script, Meris invites viewers to share their thoughts and additional insights in the comments section. She encourages viewers to like the video and to subscribe to the channel for notifications on new content. Meris hints at the next topic to be covered, which is communication, emphasizing its importance in nursing fundamentals. She expresses excitement for the next video and wishes viewers well in their studies.

Keywords

💡Health Belief Model

The Health Belief Model is a psychological theory that seeks to explain and predict an individual's health-related behaviors. It suggests that a person is more likely to take action against a health issue if they perceive it as severe and believe they are susceptible to it. In the video, Meris uses the example of Type 2 diabetes to illustrate how personal experiences and family history can influence one's perception of risk and the severity of a condition, thereby motivating or deterring action.

💡Perceived Severity

Perceived Severity refers to an individual's subjective assessment of how serious a health condition is. In the context of the Health Belief Model, if someone perceives a condition as severe, they are more likely to take preventive measures. The video explains that without this perception, individuals may not feel compelled to act, even if they are at risk.

💡Perceived Susceptibility

Perceived Susceptibility is an individual's perception of their own risk of developing a particular health condition. The video script uses the example of Type 2 diabetes to show how someone with no family history or personal experience might not see themselves as susceptible, thus less likely to take action.

💡Benefits and Barriers

Benefits and Barriers are factors that influence an individual's decision to adopt a health behavior. The video mentions that if the perceived benefits of taking action outweigh the barriers (like effort or lifestyle changes), an individual is more likely to act. Conversely, high barriers can deter action.

💡Cues to Action

Cues to Action are prompts or triggers that stimulate an individual to consider or adopt a health behavior. The video script mentions societal messages, such as public service announcements or billboards, as examples of cues that can influence health-related decisions.

💡Self-Efficacy

Self-Efficacy is an individual's belief in their own capability to successfully perform a behavior. The video explains that self-efficacy is crucial for behavior change; if someone believes they can successfully implement a change, they are more likely to do so.

💡Transtheoretical Model

The Transtheoretical Model outlines six stages that individuals go through when making a behavior change. The video script uses the example of someone becoming prediabetic and needing to change their diet and exercise habits to illustrate the stages, which include Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

💡Pre-contemplation Stage

The Pre-contemplation Stage is the first stage in the Transtheoretical Model, where an individual is not yet considering making a change. The video script indicates that someone in this stage is unlikely to change within the next six months.

💡Contemplation Stage

The Contemplation Stage is when an individual is aware of the need for change and is thinking about it. The video script suggests that someone in this stage is likely to make a change within the next six months.

💡Preparation Stage

The Preparation Stage is characterized by an individual making small, initial steps towards change. The video script explains that someone in this stage is preparing to make a change and is likely to do so within the next 30 days.

💡Action Stage

The Action Stage is when an individual has made the change and is actively engaging in the new behavior. The video script uses this stage to illustrate that the change has been implemented and is ongoing.

💡Maintenance Stage

The Maintenance Stage is when the new behavior has been sustained for six or more months. The video script highlights that this is a critical period where the individual works to maintain the change and prevent relapse.

💡Termination Stage

The Termination Stage is the final stage in the Transtheoretical Model, where the individual has fully adopted the new behavior and has no desire to return to the old behavior. The video script describes this as the point where the change is considered permanent.

Highlights

Introduction to the Health Belief Model for predicting health-related behaviors.

Explanation of how perceived severity and susceptibility influence health actions.

Example of Type 2 diabetes to illustrate perceived risk and severity.

Benefits and barriers to taking health action discussed.

Importance of modifying factors like age, genetics, and gender in health perception.

Cues to action's role in shaping health behavior.

Definition and impact of self-efficacy on health behavior change.

Introduction to the Transtheoretical Model for behavior change.

Description of the six stages of behavior change.

Explanation of the Pre-contemplation Stage and its implications.

Details of the Contemplation Stage and the consideration of change.

Preparation Stage as the precursor to actual behavior change.

Action Stage where the change is implemented.

Maintenance Stage as the ongoing persistence of the change.

Termination Stage as the point where the change is permanent.

Practical applications of the Transtheoretical Model in patient engagement.

Encouragement for viewers to like and comment on the video for further discussion.

Upcoming topic预告: the importance of communication in nursing.

Invitation to subscribe for new content notifications.

Transcripts

Hi. I'm Meris. And in today's video, we're  going to be talking about the Health Belief  

Model and the Transtheoretical Model.  I'm going to be following along with  

our Fundamentals of Nursing flashcards. These  are available on leveluprn.com. So if you are  

following along with me with your cards, I'm  starting on card number 16. Let's get started. 

So first up, we're talking about the Health Belief  Model. And this is used to explain and predict an  

individual's health-related behaviors. So,  for instance, an individual is not likely to  

take action against a disease or a condition  if they perceive it as not being severe and  

perceives themselves as not being susceptible. So, for instance, if I have no experience with  

Type 2 diabetes, no one in my family has had  it, I don't, I've never seen somebody with it,  

I kind of maybe don't perceive it as being that  big of a deal. And I probably don't perceive  

myself as being at risk for it. On the flip side,  if a lot of people in my family have had it,  

and I've seen firsthand how severe it has  been for them, I'm going to perceive myself  

as being more likely to get it and aware  of the possible severity of this condition. 

That may motivate me to take action against  it versus someone who doesn't see it that way. 

There's also benefits and barriers to taking  action. If I only need to change a behavior  

slightly, I'm probably more likely to do that.  But if taking action against a disease is going  

to require extensive lifestyle modifications,  I'm probably not willing to make that change,  

or it's going to take a lot more motivation  to get me to make that change. Other things  

would be modifying factors like age, genetics,  gender. All of those sorts of things may change  

how the individual views their own health. And then we also have cues to action,  

which are things like, what is the message  we're getting from society? Am I seeing  

a lot of public service announcements about  it? Am I seeing billboards? Am I aware of  

the significance of a condition or a disease?  That's going to change how I perceive it as well. 

One more thing is going to be self-efficacy.  And self-efficacy describes a person's ability  

or willingness in their ability to be successful.  So how do I see myself? Do I see myself as someone  

who puts their mind to something and takes  care of it, and I get it done? Or do I see  

myself as someone who's probably not going to  be successful when I try to implement a change?  

Just how I perceive myself is going to change my  ability to be successful in making that change. 

Okay. On card number 17, we talk about the  Transtheoretical Model. And you can see here,  

I have a nice table on this card. I've  got a lot of bold and red information.  

So there's a lot to know from this card. But  the Transtheoretical Model describes the six  

stages associated with behavior change. So let's say I just found out that I am  

prediabetic, and the doctor says, "Hey, we can  keep you from getting Type 2 diabetes, but these  

are the steps you need to make. You need to eat  fewer carbs, and you need to be more active." 

Okay. Wow. Well, there's a lot-- it's not as  simple as just flipping the switch and making  

that change. So, first of all, we have the  Pre-contemplation Stage. Pre, meaning before;  

contemplation, meaning thinking about. So this  is before I'm even thinking about it. This means  

that I'm not aware of a change that needs to be  made. Maybe this was before I went to my doctor.  

And it's unlikely that I'm going to make a change  in the next six months, if I'm in this stage. 

After that, though, now I'm aware of it. I know  that there's a change that needs to be made.  

Now I'm in the Contemplation Stage. This means  I'm thinking about it. So now I'm thinking  

about making a change. It's likely I'll make  this change, but within the next six months. 

Moving on with the Preparation Stage. As the  name might suggest, this means I'm preparing  

to make the change, maybe making some small  changes, little baby steps. This is good,  

though, and it indicates that within the  next 30 days, I might be making that change. 

After preparation comes action. This means I've  made the change and the behavior is ongoing. 

Maintenance, as the name might suggest,  maintenance means I'm maintaining that change.  

So I made the change, it's ongoing, and the  change has persisted for six or more months.  

That's a long amount of time to make a change. And then the last stage, of course, being  

termination. This means that the desire to return  to my previous behaviors is gone. The change is  

considered permanent. It's just a lifestyle  modification that I have successfully made. 

So that's the Transtheoretical Model. Very helpful  in understanding how to engage your patients and  

how to help them in making behavior change. Okay, that is it for the Health Belief Model  

and the Transtheoretical model. I hope that was  helpful. If it was, please like this video. I  

would love for you to leave me a comment below. Tell me what you thought about this video,  

or what else you would like to add. If  there's any cool way you remember things  

from this video, definitely let us know. Next up, I'm going to be talking about  

communication. Communication is so important for  fundamentals, so you don't want to miss that.  

Make sure you subscribe to the channel so you  get notified as soon as new content comes out.  

I can't wait to see you in the next  one. Thanks so much, and happy studying!