ERA VARGAS: RESUMO PARA O ENEM | QUER QUE DESENHE? | DESCOMPLICA

Summary

This script offers an engaging overview of Brazil's Vargas Era, divided into three periods: Provisional Government (1930-1934), Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (1937-1945). It discusses Vargas' rise to power post-1930 revolution, the establishment of new ministries, labor laws, and women's suffrage. It also covers political conflicts, including the Constitutionalist Revolution, the AIB and ANL's formation, and the failed Communist Attempt of 1935. The script highlights the 'Plan Cohen' hoax that solidified Vargas's power, leading to the authoritarian Estado Novo. It touches on Vargas's role in Brazil's industrialization and labor law consolidation, culminating in his 1945 military coup and the era's end, with a teaser for Vargas's return in 1951.

Takeaways

• 📅 The Vargas Era is divided into three periods: the Provisional Government (1930-1934), the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (1937-1945).
• 🏛️ Getúlio Vargas came to power after the 1930 Revolution, suspending the 1891 Constitution and centralizing political power.
• 🛠️ During the Provisional Government, Vargas created new ministries, appointed interventors, formulated labor laws, and established a secret ballot and women's suffrage.
• ☕ The National Coffee Council was established to control the coffee market and centralize the coffee policy in Brazil.
• 🗳️ The 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo was a significant opposition movement against Vargas' rule.
• 📜 In 1934, Vargas promulgated a new Constitution, marking the beginning of the Constitutional Government period.
• 🔄 Despite the new Constitution, political conflicts persisted, with the rise of extremist ideologies and the formation of groups like the Brazilian Integralist Action and the National Liberating Alliance.
• 🚩 The 1935 Communist Attempt, known as the Intentona Comunista, was quickly suppressed by the government.
• 📜 The Plan Cohen in 1937 was a false communist attack orchestrated by Vargas to consolidate power, leading to the New State period.
• 🏭 The New State was characterized by Vargas' authoritarian rule, with the creation of state-owned enterprises and the promotion of Brazilian industrialization.
• 🌐 Vargas' role in mediating labor disputes led to the creation of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), earning him the title 'Father of the Poor'.
• 🔄 The entry of Brazil into World War II and the growing influence of democracy led to a military coup in 1945, ending the first part of the Vargas Era.

Q & A

What is the 'Era Vargas' and how is it divided?

The 'Era Vargas' refers to the period in Brazilian history when Getúlio Vargas was in power. It is divided into three periods: the Provisional Government (1930-1934), the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the Estado Novo (1937-1945).

What significant event happened right after the 1930 Revolution?

After the 1930 Revolution, Getúlio Vargas assumed power and suspended the 1891 Constitution, initiating a process of political centralization, which marked the beginning of the Provisional Government.

What was the purpose of creating the Conselho Nacional do Café during the Provisional Government?

The Conselho Nacional do Café was created to value the price of coffee in the international market and centralize the coffee policy in Brazil.

What was the 'Revolution Constitucionalista Paulista' and when did it occur?

The 'Revolution Constitucionalista Paulista' was an opposition movement against Vargas' rule that took place in 1932, where local oligarchies in São Paulo called for a constituent assembly.

What changes were implemented with the 1934 Constitution?

The 1934 Constitution officially included secret voting, women's suffrage, and labor laws, marking the beginning of the Constitutional Government phase of the Era Vargas.

How did the political landscape evolve during the Constitutional Government?

During the Constitutional Government, there was a radicalization and polarization of ideologies, with the founding of the fascist-inspired Ação Integralista Brasileira in 1932 and the leftist Aliança Nacional Libertadora in 1935.

What was the 'Intentona Comunista' of 1935?

The 'Intentona Comunista' was a communist uprising in 1935 that was quickly controlled by the government and did not succeed.

What was the 'Plano Cohen' and how did it affect Vargas' power?

The 'Plano Cohen' was a supposed communist attack orchestrated by Vargas himself in 1937 to consolidate more power. It involved a fake letter written by Olímpio Mourão with Vargas' consent, which led to the closure of Congress and the establishment of interventores in all states.

How is the Estado Novo characterized and what was its impact on Brazil?

The Estado Novo is characterized as a dictatorial period with Vargas consolidating power, closing the Congress, and appointing interventores with military support. It marked the beginning of a personalist dictatorship where Vargas' legitimacy was based on his personality and control over communication.

What economic policies did Vargas implement during the Estado Novo?

During the Estado Novo, Vargas promoted Brazilian industrialization by creating state-owned enterprises like Vale do Rio Doce and CSN, marking the first time industrialization was a state policy in Brazil.

How did Vargas' policies lead to him being known as 'O Pai dos Pobres'?

Vargas became known as 'O Pai dos Pobres' after mediating conflicts between workers and employers and creating the Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), which was a long-standing demand of the working class.

What events led to the end of the Era Vargas?

The Era Vargas ended with a military coup in 1945, influenced by the Second World War and the growing strength of democratic ideals. Even though there was a workers' movement to keep Vargas in power, known as Queremismo, he was overthrown to ensure elections could take place.