This Will Be My Most Disliked Video On YouTube | Climate Change

Summary

This video explores the history of Earth's global temperature changes and how they relate to modern climate change. It delves into how scientists track past temperatures using ice cores and microscopic organisms, revealing patterns of warming and cooling over millions of years. The video highlights that while Earth's temperatures have fluctuated naturally, the recent rapid rise over the past 100 years is unprecedented and driven by human activity. The discussion emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate change to mitigate its long-term effects, supported by data and historical context.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Global warming is a hot topic today, with discussions about rising temperatures, fossil fuels, and environmental dangers.
• 🌡️ Accurate global temperature records have been kept since 1850, but scientists can estimate ancient temperatures using ice cores and air bubbles trapped in glaciers.
• ❄️ Ice cores can help scientists understand past atmospheric composition and temperature by measuring gas levels trapped in ancient ice.
• 🐚 Tiny marine organisms called foraminifera also help scientists calculate ancient global temperatures by analyzing oxygen isotopes in their shells.
• 📉 Earth’s temperature has fluctuated over millions of years, with periods much hotter and colder than today, driven by factors like CO2 levels, volcanic activity, and meteor impacts.
• 🌀 Milankovitch Cycles, which affect Earth’s orbital movement, help explain recurring ice ages and temperature fluctuations over thousands to millions of years.
• ❗ The recent rise in global temperatures, unlike past patterns, is happening at an unprecedented speed, primarily driven by human activity since the Industrial Revolution.
• 🌱 Similar to how early plants altered Earth's atmosphere, human industrialization is now significantly increasing CO2 and methane levels, warming the planet.
• ⚠️ Rapid climate changes pose a threat to ecosystems, as species may not have enough time to adapt, leading to extinctions or forced migrations.
• 🛑 While global temperature change has momentum, halting CO2 emissions and using technologies like carbon capture could slow or reverse some effects of climate change.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the video?

The video focuses on understanding global warming in the context of Earth's temperature history and exploring how human activity has impacted the recent rapid rise in global temperatures.

How do scientists determine the global temperature before modern thermometers?

Scientists use methods like ice coring and analyzing the shells of foraminifera. Ice cores trap air bubbles, which can reveal atmospheric composition, while foraminifera shells trap oxygen isotopes, helping scientists estimate past temperatures.

What is the significance of foraminifera in studying Earth's temperature history?

Foraminifera are tiny organisms whose shells trap oxygen isotopes. Since they have existed for 500 million years, scientists use their shells to estimate global temperatures from much earlier periods, beyond what ice cores can provide.

What are the Milankovitch cycles, and how do they impact Earth's climate?

Milankovitch cycles refer to periodic changes in Earth's orbital movements that affect its climate. These cycles operate over thousands to millions of years and include changes in Earth's axial tilt and orbital eccentricity, which influence temperature fluctuations and ice ages.

Why is the recent uptick in global temperatures considered unusual?

The recent rise in global temperatures is unusual because it has occurred in just 100 years, much faster than the natural fluctuations caused by Milankovitch cycles, which typically take thousands to millions of years.

How does human activity contribute to global warming?

Human activities, especially since the Industrial Revolution, have increased the levels of greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane in the atmosphere, leading to a rapid rise in global temperatures, faster than natural cycles.

What are some natural factors that have influenced Earth's temperature in the past?

Natural factors include the emergence of life forms like plants that absorb CO2, volcanic activity releasing greenhouse gases, and major events like meteor impacts, which have contributed to significant temperature changes in Earth's history.

What are the potential consequences of the current rapid rise in global temperatures?

Rapid temperature rise can lead to habitat loss, species extinction, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather patterns. Many ecosystems may struggle to adapt to these fast changes, leading to widespread disruption.

What does the IPCC recommend to mitigate the effects of climate change?

The IPCC recommends reducing CO2 emissions toward net zero, developing carbon capture and storage technologies, and implementing global policies to slow down or reverse the harmful effects of climate change.

Why is context important in discussions about climate change?

Context helps differentiate between natural temperature fluctuations that occur over millennia and the recent, rapid rise caused by human activities. Without this broader understanding, it is easy to misunderstand or downplay the urgency of the issue.

Outlines

00:00

🔥 Introduction to Global Warming Concerns

The video opens with a discussion on how global warming has become a frequent topic in media, often sparking heated debates. The presenter, Alex McColgan, explains his hesitation to engage in the conversation earlier but feels there is now valuable information to add. He emphasizes the importance of understanding historical temperature patterns to contextualize the current global temperature rise and addresses the question: 'Are we really the hottest we've ever been?'

05:00

❄️ How Scientists Measure Ancient Temperatures

This paragraph explores how scientists determine past temperatures. It starts with a discussion on thermometer-based measurements dating back to 1850, followed by a detailed explanation of ice core sampling, which helps measure ancient atmospheric gas ratios. This allows scientists to estimate historical global temperatures. It concludes by noting that for time periods older than a million years, scientists use tiny organisms like foraminifera to infer temperatures through their shells, similar to ice cores.

10:01

📉 Earth's Temperature Trends Over Millions of Years

The focus shifts to analyzing temperature patterns from 500 million years ago using data from foraminifera. The Earth has experienced significant fluctuations, sometimes 14°C hotter or 5°C colder than today. These changes are partially attributed to factors such as the emergence of plants or volcanic activity. When zooming in on more recent data (last 65 million years), distinct smaller cycles of rapid temperature rises followed by gradual drops—like the occurrence of ice ages—become evident.

15:06

🌍 Milankovitch Cycles and Their Impact on Earth's Climate

The paragraph explains Milankovitch Cycles, long-term orbital movements of the Earth affecting its climate. These cycles occur over tens of thousands to millions of years and influence the Earth's temperature by changing how much sunlight the planet reflects. Earth's axis tilt and orbital eccentricity play roles in periodic ice ages and warmer interglacial periods. Currently, we're in an interglacial phase, but the ongoing rise in global temperature doesn’t align with these long-term cycles.

20:07

⏳ Human Influence and Rapid Temperature Rise

The rapid temperature increase over the last 100 years is highlighted, noting that this change is unprecedented in such a short time frame compared to historical fluctuations. The rise is not linked to Milankovitch Cycles or catastrophic events like meteor strikes. Instead, human activities, especially industrialization and the release of greenhouse gases like CO2, are identified as the primary causes of this swift global temperature rise.

🏞️ CO2 Levels, Surface Ice, and Extinction Risks

This section delves deeper into how human-induced CO2 levels, now at unprecedented highs, have led to surface ice loss and further heating of the planet. The melting ice diminishes Earth's ability to reflect heat, leading to a feedback loop of rising temperatures. Rapid environmental changes could trigger mass extinctions, as species may struggle to adapt quickly enough to new conditions, forcing them to migrate or die out.

💡 Mitigating Climate Change: Solutions and Challenges

The paragraph discusses the potential solutions to climate change, including reducing CO2 emissions and developing carbon capture technologies like Project Longship in Norway. Although some scientists are skeptical about the efficacy of these methods, large-scale efforts could eventually stabilize or reverse some effects of climate change. The IPCC’s 2021 report is referenced, highlighting the urgency of action to avoid more severe impacts.

🔄 Earth's Climate in Historical Context: What Can Be Done?

The final paragraphs wrap up by emphasizing the delicate balance of Earth's climate, demonstrating how even small changes can have massive long-term impacts. Human activities have sped up natural processes, and while some climate change consequences are irreversible, there is still time to mitigate others. The presenter stresses the importance of consensus on facts to enable global cooperation and underscores that the rapid pace of current climate change is the true concern.

🧠 Mental Health and Climate Overwhelm: BetterHelp Sponsorship

In a sponsored segment, the video shifts focus to mental health, introducing BetterHelp as a solution for those feeling overwhelmed by daily crises like climate change. The presenter highlights the importance of mental health support, explaining how BetterHelp's online therapy services can connect individuals with licensed professionals. The partnership aims to promote mental well-being while supporting the video’s broader climate-related content.

Keywords

💡Global Warming

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, especially the emission of greenhouse gases. In the video, global warming is the central theme, discussed in relation to rising temperatures, the Industrial Revolution, and its rapid acceleration over the past 100 years compared to historical climate cycles.

💡Milankovitch Cycles

Milankovitch Cycles are long-term changes in Earth's orbit and axial tilt, influencing the planet's climate patterns over tens of thousands to millions of years. The video explains that these cycles are responsible for the periodic ice ages and warmer interglacial periods and contrasts them with the current rapid temperature changes, which cannot be explained by these natural cycles.

💡Ice Cores

Ice cores are cylindrical samples taken from glaciers or ice sheets that contain trapped air bubbles from different historical periods. In the video, they are described as a method scientists use to estimate past global temperatures by analyzing the gases trapped in these air bubbles. This technique provides crucial insights into Earth's historical climate data.

💡Foraminifera

Foraminifera are microscopic, single-celled marine organisms with shells that trap oxygen isotopes, which scientists analyze to estimate global temperatures from millions of years ago. The video highlights the importance of these organisms in understanding Earth's ancient climate patterns, allowing scientists to reconstruct temperatures far beyond the reach of ice core data.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution refers to the period starting in the late 18th century when human activities significantly increased the use of fossil fuels, leading to mass emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2. The video explains how this event marks a turning point in the acceleration of global warming, contrasting it with the slower, natural climatic changes over millennia.

💡Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and methane, trap heat in Earth's atmosphere, leading to global temperature increases. The video explains that rising levels of these gases, particularly from human activities like industrialization and agriculture, are the primary cause of the recent rapid uptick in global temperatures.

💡IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

The IPCC is a global organization that compiles scientific data on climate change and provides reports on its effects and possible mitigation strategies. The video refers to the IPCC's reports, which confirm human influence as the dominant cause of recent global warming and emphasize the importance of reducing CO2 emissions to mitigate further climate change.

💡Carbon Capture

Carbon capture refers to technologies designed to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it underground or in other secure locations. In the video, projects like Norway's Project Longship are mentioned as potential solutions to help reverse the warming trend, although the speaker expresses skepticism about their effectiveness on a large scale.

💡Interglacial Period

An interglacial period is a warmer phase between ice ages, where polar ice caps retreat, and global temperatures are relatively stable. The video explains that we are currently in an interglacial period within the larger context of an ongoing ice age, but recent human-induced temperature increases are unusual compared to past interglacial phases.

💡Great Oxidation Event

The Great Oxidation Event occurred around 2.4 billion years ago when cyanobacteria began photosynthesizing, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere and significantly cooling Earth's climate. The video uses this event as an example of how even small organisms can drastically alter Earth's atmospheric composition and climate, paralleling the impact of humans on the current climate.

Highlights

Global warming has become a frequent topic in news headlines, and the discussion has become as heated as the climate itself.

The video focuses on contextualizing modern temperature changes by looking at historical climate patterns.

Scientists have been recording global temperatures since 1850 using thermometers, but methods like ice coring allow us to estimate temperatures from before that time.

Ice cores contain air bubbles trapped in snow, allowing scientists to measure past atmospheric compositions and estimate global temperatures from thousands of years ago.

Foraminifera, tiny single-celled organisms with porous shells, provide data on global temperatures from over 500 million years ago using oxygen isotope analysis.

The Earth's temperature has fluctuated dramatically over the past 500 million years, with periods both 14 degrees Celsius hotter and -5 degrees Celsius colder than today.

Temperature changes over the last 65 million years reveal smaller, cyclical fluctuations related to ice ages and interglacial periods.

Milankovitch Cycles, driven by Earth's orbital movements, cause periodic temperature fluctuations over thousands of years.

Human activity, especially since the Industrial Revolution, is the primary driver of the rapid rise in global temperatures seen over the last 100 years.

CO2 levels are now higher than at any point in the last 800,000 years, contributing significantly to climate change.

Melankovic Cycles and human-induced changes in the atmosphere are causing a feedback loop, accelerating the melting of polar ice caps and global warming.

Rapid global temperature changes threaten ecosystems and species, as life cannot easily adapt to fast-changing environments.

The IPCC report confirms human activity is the main cause of global warming and calls for immediate action to reduce CO2 emissions and limit further damage.

Carbon capture projects, such as Norway's Project Longship, aim to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere by storing it underground.

The current rise in temperature is an unprecedented event within Earth's historical patterns, directly linked to human industrialization and activity.

Transcripts

[Music]

foreign it's getting hot outside

nowadays it's difficult to turn on the

news without hearing someone talking

about global warming

headlines are filled with references to

Rising temperature levels fossil fuels

and encroaching danger and the

discussion around the subject has gotten

as heated as the weather

this has been a topic I've been wary

about weighing in on simply because of

how sensitive a subject it has become in

recent times

I've sat on this particular video for

three years occasionally updating it but

not quite feeling it was the right time

to release it I didn't want to Simply

create more noise

however I do now think there is

something worth adding to the discussion

after all there is plenty we hear about

the current temperature of the planet

what is often not talked about is the

patterns of temperature change that

existed in the past that contextualize

that modern temperature

are we really the hottest we've ever

been scientists believe that in the last

100 years the global temperature has

been increasing but how does this fit

into wider patterns and Trends and how

did they find any of this out

I'm Alex mccolgan and you're watching

astrum and today we will be taking a

closer look at the data recording the

temperature history of our own Planet

it's only by understanding the ancient

past that we can contextualize the

current discussion on global warming and

answer what exactly are scientists so

worried about

so to begin how do we know what the

temperature used to be

it's easy to find the current Global

temperature today all you need is a

thermometer and you can go outside and

take a reading

with enough readings taken at different

locations around the globe you can find

an average temperature for the whole

planet

scientists have actually been doing this

since 1850 meaning that our records on

average global temperatures are fairly

accurate since this date

however mercury thermometers were only

invented in 1714 so how do we know what

the temperature was before these Global

readings started being taken how do we

know the temperature a thousand years

ago or even a million years ago before

humans were on the scene

some of you may already know the answer

or at least a partial answer

scientists can approximate global

temperatures in the past through ice

Coring

essentially when snow falls because it

is powdery it traps little bubbles of

air where it lands if this snow doesn't

melt but has more snowfall on it later

such as in a very cold place like a

glacier you can end up with layers of

snow and ice-trapped air bubbles going

back for many many years it creates

something similar to the rings on a tree

by collecting ice form this way

scientists can take sections to a lab

and melt it releasing the air relating

to specific years

they then can measure the different

ratios of gases released from the air

bubbles which tells them the atmospheric

composition at that time

and because we can test how much heat is

retained by a gas when exposed to a

constant temperature like the sun for

instance CO2 retains more heat while

oxygen retains less with enough samples

scientists can calculate roughly what

the global temperature was during that

year

however the oldest Glaciers are only a

million or so years old

to get a good idea of the trends that

govern global temperatures we're gonna

have to go back much earlier than that

how do we know what the global

temperature was over a million years ago

the answer might surprise you

clams

actually not clams but something similar

a tiny single cellular organism no

larger than a full stop called for a

mini fairer

like clams these organisms produce

shells around themselves and these

shells are slightly porous oxygen in

particular is taken into the shell and

trapped there remaining in place even

when the foreign minifera dies

so using a similar process to the ice

cores if scientists can find shells of

dead foraminifera from a particular year

they can release that air and work out

from it the global temperature

this process is slightly different as

instead of air composition scientists

are looking at different oxygen Isotopes

but basically it's a very similar

process

foreign minifera are still around today

and first came onto the scene 500

million years ago so they are

instrumental in helping us get a clear

picture of global temperatures during

this much longer time period

but what is that picture

Based on data collected from foreign

minifera it looks something like this

[Music]

there is a certain degree of uncertainty

to this findings get more reliable the

closer we get to the present day

but as you can see from General Trends

the Earth's temperature has undergone

significant changes over the last 500

million years

at times it is Phase temperature

averages 14 degrees Celsius hotter than

we have today and at other times about

-5 degrees Celsius lower

so we are not the hottest we have ever

been then again that's not surprising to

anyone who knew that the surface of the

Earth when it was just formed was mostly

magma

but you may not have expected these

fluctuations

why are they happening

scientists are not entirely sure as

there doesn't seem to be much of a

pattern to them on this Grand scale but

they believe that some of these

fluctuations are from the emergence of

new life forms for instance the arrival

of plants at around 450 million years

before the present might explain why the

temperature dropped then

they started absorbing atmospheric CO2

and turned it into oxygen which retains

less heat other changes could have been

caused by plate tectonics and volcanic

activity putting more CO2 into the air

and still other changes could have been

caused by possible meteor impacts like

the one that wiped out the dinosaurs

however this is not the full picture by

increasing the resolution and zooming in

slightly we begin to see another

interesting Trend let's look at the 65

million year picture

[Music]

within the large sweeping changes it

turns out that there are many smaller

fluctuations these become more obvious

when we zoom in again

and again

and again

by this point we can see a distinct

smaller pattern occurring rapid rises in

global temperatures followed by gradual

dips

it's hard to get your head around the

sheer scope of the Earth's history but

each one of these dips represents entire

ice ages

ice ages are technically defined as any

point in Earth's history where there is

ice on the polar caps something that is

not always the case so technically as

I've mentioned in a previous video we

are in an ice age right now

however although the general trend of

the Earth's temperature at the moment is

towards ice ages we are in something

known as an interglacial period a span

of many thousands of years where the

Earth is temporarily warmer in between

fall ice ages in the last full Ice Age

the polar caps reach the UK and parts of

the US

but what is causing these dips and Rises

on our graph

well I go into more detail about this in

my video on milankovic Cycles which you

can watch here but just to brush up on

them very quickly milankovic Cycles are

the periodic changes that take place

within our planet's climate due to

fluctuations in its orbital movement

around the Sun

usually over the course of thousands of

years

surface ice affects the temperature of a

planet the more surface ice a planet has

the colder the planet tends to be as

more heat is reflected back into space

but equally important is the direction

that surface ice is facing

consider ice to be like a shield that

will reflect the sun's Rays if that ice

is not pointed in the direction of the

sunlight it cannot reflect it so anytime

the planet points its surface eyes

towards the Sun the Earth tends to get

cooler creating something of a feedback

loop

this matters because the Earth's axis

isn't stable of the span of thousands of

years it moves back and forth sometimes

pointing the polar ice caps more towards

the Sun and sometimes pulling them

further away

although this change is only a couple of

degrees at most it is enough that over

time it has an impact on the global

temperature

the temperature drops as the ice Shield

faces the Sun and rises again as it

points away this fluctuation is one

example of a melanchovic cycle

there are other melanchovic Cycles which

are consistent Cycles in the Earth's

orbit that affect its temperature acting

on time scales of twenty three thousand

forty one thousand one hundred thousand

four hundred and five thousand and 2.4

million years

whenever these coincide with each other

they create even greater changes to the

global temperature

you can see the gaps between the ice

ages in this graph tend to be about 100

000 years apart perfectly in line with

one of the milankovic Cycles

specifically the change in the earth's

orbital eccentricity but all of the

Cycles have an impact

so where are we in relation to one of

these language Cycles let's zoom in some

more

as you can see we have risen out of an

ice age and have ended a fairly stable

plateau of global temperature this is

consistent with the rapid rise in

temperature slash slow drop in

temperature that characterizes ice ages

and the periods between them

all of human history from the pyramids

to the present day can be found on this

plateau

although humans existed before this

point they hadn't really got the hang of

building any civilizations

scientists have named this Plateau where

human history began the Hollow Scene

period

however the uptick right at the end is

not so usual

this uptick represents a rise in the

global temperature by one degree which

technically is still roughly on par with

the interglacial period before our

current one over 100 000 years ago

however it is not the temperature change

that is concerning about this uptick it

is how quickly it is rising

unlike all the other changes on all

these graphs which have taken place over

hundreds of millions of years at the

longest and thousands of years at the

shortest this rise took place in 100

years this could have a big impact on

the ecosystems on the planet

so what could have caused this uptick

the answer cannot be milankovic Cycles

as you have seen these Cycles take place

on the scale of thousands of years at

least and millions at most even when we

zoom in on sections of our graph where

there appear to be sharp upticks we

realize that these Rises take place over

a couple of Thousand-Year periods

Milankovitch cycles are described as a

weak but consistent forces like the

trickle of a stream that eventually

erodes around him they do not create

effects over such a small time frame as

100 years

similarly there has been no cataclysmic

events such as the one that wiped out

the dinosaurs which might be our other

explanation

that meteor was thought to be 10

kilometers wide and struck with the

force of 21 to 921 billion Hiroshima a

bombs

about 75 percent of species died in the

climate change that happened in its

aftermath if something like that had hit

Earth since 1850 we would have noticed

it

however there is one factor that does

explain this change in global

temperatures the activity of humans

it is not the first time that living

organisms have had an impact on the

global temperature remember it is

believed that some of the changes we see

here are caused by the introduction of

plant life absorbing CO2 and releasing

oxygen

similarly back when life was still all

single-celled organisms about 2.4

billion years ago the arrival for the

first time of cyanobacteria that could

photosynthesize had a massive impact on

the atmosphere for the first time an

organism started putting oxygen into the

atmosphere this occurred at such a rate

there was an event known as the great

oxidation event which coincided with a

significant drop in the global

temperature

some scientists believed the entire

world almost froze entirely over as

there is evidence of glacial activity at

the equator a snowball Earth as it came

to be known

what we learn from this is that the

balance of global temperatures is very

delicate a single species that starts to

change the atmospheric ratio of gases

can have a massive impact overloading

the subtler effects of melanchovic

Cycles

and since 1850 humans have definitely

changed the way we have been interacting

with the atmosphere

unlike the previous roughly 10 000 years

of human history since 1760 and the

Industrial Revolution human activity has

produced vast amounts of greenhouse

gases as a waste product of

industrialization and farming

in the last four decades Each decade has

been the hottest decade on record since

we started tracking global temperatures

in 1850

CO2 levels are now at a global average

of 410 parts per million and methane at

1866 parts per billion Which is higher

than we have seen in the last 800 000

years which means since before about

eight ice ages and interglacial periods

between them

and importantly the global cover of

surface ice has been retreating

consistently since 1950. something

scientists do not believe to have

happened for the last two thousand years

as you will recall this has a knock on

effect on milankovic Cycles as a planet

with less surface ice does not reflect

as much heat from the Sun so it tends to

get even hotter

like pushing a cart down a hill these

changes have a certain amount of

momentum to them

and sadly rapid changes in global

temperature tends to lead to species

going extinct

it normally takes thousands of years for

life to adapt to the conditions you

might find during an Ice Age woolly

mammoths to conditions today elephants

natural selection takes time to develop

in a species the traits they need to

thrive in a new environment

if species are not given this time they

either have to move to a new environment

better suited to them or they will die

out

as the habitable zones begin to migrate

towards the poles some zones will vanish

completely while new hot desert

environments will be created that life

in general is poorly adapted to

it's important to note that these events

are not Unstoppable Global temperature

change does have some momentum but if we

as humans find ways to stop changing the

atmosphere's ratio then in time

melanchovic Cycles will take over again

and the rise will stop that's why it's

so important for governments to listen

to reports by institutions like the ipcc

an international group of scientists

funded by multiple governments tasked

with finding out the realities of

climate change who in 2021 released

their sixth assessment report explaining

the physical science basis

in it they stated that it is unequivocal

that human influence has warmed the

atmosphere ocean and land

however they also offer suggestions

namely the importance of halting or

rapidly reducing CO2 emissions towards

net zero as CO2 is the largest

contributor towards climate change

followed by methane

they also recommended the development of

carbon dioxide removal facilities to be

established worldwide

some of these are already in operation

such as project longship in Norway their

aim is to take CO2 out of the atmosphere

and bury it beneath the ground

interpleted fossil fuel reservoirs

the ipcc says that actions like this if

widespread enough will reduce Global

surface temperature and even reverse

certain other processes like

acidification of the oceans

personally I'm not super convinced by

current carbon capture projects but they

do exist

but these efforts need to be done on a

large-scale government level

ultimately my aim for this video was to

examine what global warming meant within

the context of Earth's wider history

from it we can see that it's not

actually accurate to say that we are the

hottest we've ever been and I find that

a really fascinating insight

however that fact alone is not the

reason some people think it is to not

worry about the problem climate change

is a process that usually takes

Millennia I've realized the worrying

part is not necessarily the change

itself but rather the speed at which it

is happening

some life forms might get left behind

and how will Humanity cope we don't know

as we haven't been around long enough to

deal with the extremes of the past

while human activity has sped up certain

elements and while we can undo some of

what has been done through our actions

now some things like higher sea levels

will be with us for up to 1 000 years

according to the latest ipcc report we

are past the point of no return for 1.5

degrees Celsius and will need to make

rapid fundamental changes to our society

this decade to stop it going any further

than that

this will be hard

there's no way we as a species will be

able to achieve this hard path unless we

can agree on the facts that underpin it

though

without the broader context of agreed

upon data it will forever be perfectly

possible to arrive at a wide range of

conclusions and different paths we

should take that is why when it comes to

any discussion context is so important

by looking at the pattern of our

planet's history we see that the current

uptick in global temperatures is an

induced event that doesn't match already

existing patterns and it perfectly

coincides with human activity debate

what you want to do with that

information and the best path to take in

light of it but these are the facts set

in ice and the bones of organisms long

dead they will Brook no argument

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