English - The globe: Shakespeare's Theatre (B1-B2)
Summary
TLDRThe Globe Theatre in London, a reconstruction of the original built in 1598, is a historical landmark. It was initially one of four major theaters and hosted Shakespeare's works until its destruction in 1613. Rebuilt in 1614, it was razed by Puritans in 1644. The current Globe, opened in 1997, is a faithful replica. It features an open-air stage, a thatched roof, and can accommodate 1600 patrons. The design is based on historical records, with a focus on acoustics and visibility, reflecting the importance of the script and audience experience.
Takeaways
- 📝 The Globe Theatre in London is the third iteration of the original, which was built around 1598 and opened in 1599.
- 📅 The first Globe Theatre was located approximately 200 yards away from the current site, near where the River Thames was wider at the time.
- 💻 Theatres, including the Globe, were typically found on the South Bank of the Thames during Elizabethan times, a popular area for entertainment.
- 💵 The Globe was one of four significant theaters, alongside the Hope, the Swan, and the Rose.
- 💲 The first Globe Theatre was destroyed in 1613 due to a cannon fire accident during a performance of Henry VIII.
- 💳 A second Globe was built in 1614 on the same site and stood until 1642 when it was closed and demolished by the Puritans.
- 📱 The current Globe is a faithful reproduction of the original, constructed starting in 1993 and opened in 1997, thanks to American Sam Wanamaker.
- 💹 Performances at the Globe began in the afternoon and ended before dark, as the theater was open-air with natural sunlight for lighting.
- 💷 The theater's design, including the thatched roof and materials like Lincolnshire oak, is based on historical evidence and the only known sketch of an Elizabethan theater interior.
- 💶 The Globe's audience area was divided into the standing 'yard' for 'Groundlings' and seated 'galleries', with the cheapest tickets in the yard.
- 💴 All actors were men and boys playing both male and female roles, with elaborate and specially made costumes.
- 💰 The stage design included a 'heavens' area for special effects and a balcony used for music, as well as scenes like the famous balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet.
Q & A
When was the first Globe Theatre in London built?
-The first Globe Theatre was built around 1598 and opened for its first production in 1599.
How many important theaters were in the area during the time of the original Globe Theatre?
-There were four important theaters in the area, including the Globe, the Hope, the Swan, and the Rose.
What happened to the original Globe Theatre?
-The original Globe Theatre burnt down in 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII when a cannon fired for special effects set the thatched roof on fire.
When was the second Globe Theatre constructed?
-The second Globe Theatre was built on the same site just one year later in 1614.
Why were all theaters closed in 1642?
-The Puritans closed down all theaters in 1642 as well as all other forms of entertainment.
Who was the driving force behind the construction of the third Globe Theatre?
-The construction of the third Globe Theatre was made possible by the determination and vision of an American, Sam Wanamaker.
In what year was the third Globe Theatre officially opened?
-The third Globe Theatre was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth the Second in 1997.
How does the lighting work in the third Globe Theatre?
-Lighting for performances is provided by sunlight, as the center of the circular-shaped theater is open to the sky.
What materials were used in the construction of the third Globe Theatre?
-The walls are built of Lincolnshire oak timbers and plaster made of sand, lime, and goat hair, and the roof is in Norfolk reed thatch.
How many sides does the third Globe Theatre have?
-The third Globe Theatre is a circular 20-sided shape.
What was the cheapest place to watch a play at the Globe Theatre?
-The cheapest place to watch a play was in the pit or the yard, where the audience stood.
What was the term for the audience members who stood in the yard?
-The audience members who stood in the yard were called 'Groundlings'.
Outlines
🎭 History and Features of the Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre in London is the third iteration of the original, which opened in 1599. It was one of four main theaters in the area during Elizabethan times, built on the south bank of the River Thames for entertainment. The first Globe was not at the same location as the current one due to the wider Thames at the time. The foundations were rediscovered in 1989. The second Globe was built in 1614 after the first burned down in 1613. It was closed by the Puritans in 1642 and completely demolished in 1644. The current Globe, a faithful reproduction, was initiated by American Sam Wanamaker and opened in 1997. It features an open-air design with a thatched roof and is constructed with traditional materials like oak and plaster. Performances were held in the afternoon and ceased during Lent or plague outbreaks. The theater's interior layout is based on a sketch by Dutch traveler Johannes de Witt, featuring a circular design with a standing area called 'the yard' for the cheapest tickets and galleries for more expensive seating. The stage was partially in the yard, and the roof, called 'the heavens,' was used for special effects and had a hollow area.
🎩 Performance Aspects of the Globe Theatre
During Shakespeare's time, performances at the Globe were auditory experiences, with the audience standing in the 'pit' or 'yard' and sitting in galleries. Actors were all male, playing both male and female roles, and wore elaborate, specially-made costumes. The stage jutted into the yard, allowing for close interaction with the audience. The stage had a roof supported by two pillars, painted to resemble marble, and a 'heavens' area for divine interventions. Behind the stage was the 'tiring house' where actors changed costumes. The stage also featured a trapdoor for special effects. A balcony above the stage was used for music, which was integral to the plays, and could also serve as a setting for scenes, such as in 'Romeo and Juliet.' The Globe is not only a part of English history but also a significant cultural attraction in modern London.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Globe Theatre
💡Theatre-going
💡Shakespeare
💡Puritans
💡Sam Wanamaker
💡Theatre architecture
💡Groundlings
💡Theatrical performances
💡Special effects
💡Herculean pillars
💡Tiring house
Highlights
The Globe Theatre in London is the third iteration of the original, built around 1598.
The first Globe Theatre opened in 1599 and was one of four important theaters in the area.
The original Globe was not built on the same spot as the modern-day Globe; it was closer to the River Thames.
The foundations of the original Globe were rediscovered in 1989.
Theaters in Elizabethan times were generally built on the south bank of the River Thames for entertainment.
Theaters would advertise performances by raising a flag, visible from the north bank of the Thames.
The first Globe hosted some of Shakespeare's greatest works and was open from 1599 to 1613.
The first Globe burnt down in 1613 due to a cannon fired for special effects during a performance.
The second Globe was built in 1614 on the same site and survived until 1642 when Puritans closed all theaters.
The Puritans completely demolished the second Globe in 1644 and built tenements on the site.
The third Globe is a faithful reproduction of the original, built based on limited available information.
The construction of the third Globe began in 1993, thanks to American Sam Wanamaker.
The third Globe was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997.
The third Globe's roof is in Norfolk reed thatch, the first such roof in London since the Great Fire of 1666.
The interior layout of the Globe is determined by the only known picture of an Elizabethan theatre's interior.
The Globe is a circular 20-sided shape with an open-air pit or yard for standing audience members.
The galleries around the yard held two to three thousand people who paid more to sit.
In Shakespeare's time, plays were 'heard' rather than 'seen', emphasizing the importance of the script.
The new Globe can seat 900 people in the galleries and accommodate 700 standing in the pit.
All actors were men and boys playing both male and female roles, with elaborate and specially made costumes.
The stage projects into the pit, allowing the audience to stand on three sides.
The stage has a balcony used for music and special effects, such as in Romeo and Juliet.
The Globe Theatre is a significant part of English history and a point of interest in contemporary London.
Transcripts
let's visit the Globe Theatre in London
The Globe Theatre which you can see here
and visit today is in fact the third
Globe Theatre the first Globe Theatre
was built in about fifteen ninety-eight
and it opened for its first production
in 1599 it was one of four important
theaters in this area the other three
were the Hope the Swan and the Rose the
original globe was not built precisely
on the same spot as the modern-day globe
at that time the River Thames was wider
and the yard would have been in the
river the original site is close by just
200 yards away the foundations of the
globe were rediscovered in 1989 and the
site is marked by a plaque hopefully one
day they will be properly excavated to
reveal more of their secrets theaters
were generally built on the south bank
rather than on the north bank of the
River Thames in the times of Elizabeth
the First Bank side as the area was
known was the place Londoners would come
for entertainment the bear gardens where
bear or bull baiting took place were
very popular even with the Queen herself
theater-going was a favorite pastime of
all classes and walks of life the public
would travel over the river to the
theaters on little ferry boats if they
could afford it or by walking over the
London Bridge the only bridge across the
river at that time theaters would
advertise the fact that they were going
to put on a performance by raising a
flag over the theatre which could be
seen from the north bank so the first
row was open for performances in 1599
and it would host some of Shakespeare's
greatest works over the next 10 years
it saw the death of Queen Elizabeth and
the accession to the throne of James the
first the first robe burnt down in 1613
in a dramatic accident a cannon which
was fired to create special effects
during a performance of Henry the
eighth's Shakespeare's last play set
fire to the roof of thatch and the whole
theater burnt down the second globe was
built on the same site just one year
later in 1614 it survived until 1642
when the Puritans closed down all
theatres as well as all other forms of
entertainment
the Puritans knocked down the theater
completely in 1644 and built tenements
on the site this third globe is a
faithful reproduction of the original as
faithful as possible given the
relatively small amount of information
available it was thanks to the
determination and the vision of an
American Sam Wanamaker that construction
began in 1993 it was officially opened
by Queen Elizabeth the second in 1997 as
you can see the center of the circular
shaped theater is open to the sky
lighting for the performances was in
fact provided by the sunlight so a
performance would begin in the middle of
the afternoon and finished before dark
so that the audience could get home
safely there were no performances during
Lent or during outbreaks of the plague
the roof of this reproduction is in
Norfolk read thatch like the original
and it is the first that's roof in
London since the Great Fire of 1666 the
walls are built of Lincolnshire oak
timbers and plaster made of sand lime
and goat hair
the layout of the interior has been
determined by using the only picture of
the interior of an Elizabethan theatre
which has come down to us the sketch was
made by a Dutch traveler Johannes Davitt
and copied by his friend
Harvin van buco and it is of the Swan
theatre the globe is a circular 20 sided
shape the open air is called the pit or
the yard and it is for members of the
audience who are standing The
Groundlings the yard was the cheapest
place to watch a play and it cost a
penny about a thousand people would be
Groundlings around the yard are the
galleries which are more protected from
the elements the galleries held two to
three thousand people who paid two or
more pennies to sit the most expensive
areas in the galleries were those
closest to the stage from which the
performance could be best heard play
goers in shakespeare's times would say
I'm going to hear a play and not I'm
going to see a play showing how
important the script was from here that
could also be best seen by the rest of
the audience showing off their finery
the new globe sits 900 people in the
galleries and houses 700 in the Pitt
actors were all men and boys and they
played both male and female roles
costumes were elaborate and specially
made the stage projects halfway into the
pit so the audience would stand on three
sides of it some would even sit on the
edge of the stage itself the roof of the
stage is supported by two Herculean
pillars made of single tree trunks and
painted to represent marble in the style
of Greek or Roman buildings the roof of
the stage is called the heavens and it
is from here that gods would descend to
the stage lowered through a trapdoor on
ropes the roof air is hollow for special
effects the heavens are painted with
images of the
the moon and the signs of the zodiac
behind the pillars is the fronds Shinae
or stage wall this wall contains the
doors through which the actors would
make their entrances the doors lead to
the tiring house the place where actors
would change their attire in modern day
turns the dressing rooms the stage
itself is made of wood and has a
trapdoor to allow for special effects
such as the grave of the gravediggers in
Hamlet the stages raised five feet off
the ground above the stage there is a
balcony which was mainly used for the
musicians music and songs were an
important element in plays at the time
but could also serve as the balcony and
Romeo and Juliet for example
The Globe Theatre are part of English
history and a fascinating point of
interest in contemporary London
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