HIDRUROS METALICOS | Acido facil

Summary

This educational video explains the formation of binary chemical compounds, specifically metal hydrides. It details how these compounds are named using traditional and systematic methods, highlighting the difference between regular and 'special' compounds. The video uses examples such as copper hydride and nitrogen hydride to illustrate the process. It also teaches how to write formulas and names for various hydrides, including those of iron, phosphorus, and barium, emphasizing the role of valency in compound formation.

Takeaways

• 🔬 Hydrogen and metals form binary compounds known as metal hydrides, where metals have a positive valence and hydrogen has a valence of -1.
• 📚 The name of metal hydrides typically starts with 'hydrido' followed by the name of the metal and the valence number.
• 🧩 Copper, with variable valence, is used as an example to explain the formation of metal hydrides, resulting in CuH2 or hydrido copper(II).
• 🌐 Special binary compounds are formed when non-metals combine with hydrogen, breaking the usual cation-anion rule.
• 📝 The traditional name for NH3 is ammonia, and its systematic name is 'nitruro de hidrógeno' or 'nitrogen hydride'.
• 🔍 Non-metals like carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony form special hydrides with valences of -4 or -3.
• 🌐 The systematic nomenclature for non-metal hydrides includes prefixes like 'mono', 'di', 'tetra', etc., based on the number of hydrogen atoms.
• 📖 The script explains how to write the formulas for compounds like 'hídruro férrico' (FeH3), 'metano' (CH4), 'fósforo de hidrógeno' (PH3), and 'hidruro de varios' (BaH2).
• 🔑 The video provides a step-by-step guide on naming hydrides, emphasizing the difference between metal hydrides and special non-metal hydrides.
• 🎓 The script concludes with an exercise to name additional hydrides, such as 'NbH5' (pentahalide of niobium), 'SbH3' (stibine), 'SiH4' (silicone), and 'SnH2' (stannane).

Q & A

What are binary compounds?

Binary compounds are chemical compounds composed of two different elements.

What are metallic hydrides?

Metallic hydrides are binary compounds formed by a metal with a positive oxidation state and hydrogen with an oxidation state of -1.

How do you form a compound with copper and hydrogen?

Copper, which can have variable oxidation states of +1 and +2, is used with hydrogen (-1 oxidation state). By exchanging their oxidation states, you can form a compound such as CuH2, which is named as 'cubico hidruro de cobre' in traditional nomenclature.

What is the traditional name for CuH2?

The traditional name for CuH2 is 'hidruro cúbico de cobre'.

What is the systematic name for CuH2?

The systematic name for CuH2 is 'cobre(II)hidruro', indicating copper with an oxidation state of +2.

What are special binary compounds?

Special binary compounds are those that do not follow the typical cation-anion structure and instead form compounds with non-metals and hydrogen where the non-metal exhibits a negative oxidation state.

Which elements form special hydrides?

Elements such as carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony form special hydrides.

What is the traditional name for the compound NH3?

NH3 is traditionally known as ammonia.

How is the compound CH4 named in systematic nomenclature?

In systematic nomenclature, CH4 is named as 'carburo de hidrógeno' or 'tetrahidro de carbono'.

What is the special name for the compound AsH3?

The special name for AsH3 is 'arsina'.

How do you name a compound with iron and hydrogen, such as FeH3?

FeH3 can be named as 'hidruro de hierro' or 'ferrohidruro' in traditional nomenclature, and 'pentahidro de hierro' in systematic nomenclature, indicating iron with an oxidation state of +3.