Lab 1 Decantation and Filtration

Summary

The video demonstrates two methods for separating a mixture of water and sand: decantation and filtration. Initially, sand is mixed with water in a beaker, creating a heterogeneous mixture. The first technique, decantation, involves allowing the sand to settle and then carefully pouring off the water, leaving most of the sand behind. The second method, filtration, uses a funnel, filter paper, and a ring stand to catch finer sand particles, resulting in clearer water. The video emphasizes the importance of patience and careful technique for effective separation.

Takeaways

• 🧪 The video demonstrates two methods for separating a mixture of water and a solid that does not dissolve in water.
• 🏺 The first technique shown is decanting, where the solid (sand) is allowed to settle and the liquid (water) is carefully poured off from the top.
• 🔬 The second technique is filtration, which uses a funnel, filter paper, and a ring stand to separate finer particles of the solid from the liquid.
• 🌊 The video explains that the mixture created is a heterogeneous mixture because the different components (sand and water) are visible.
• 🕒 Decanting is a quick method for a rough separation, leaving larger particles of the solid behind while pouring off the liquid.
• 📝 The video emphasizes the importance of careful pouring to minimize splashing and loss of liquid during the decanting process.
• 🔍 Filtration is shown to be a more thorough method for separating smaller particles that are not removed by decanting alone.
• 📐 The setup for filtration includes a glass funnel, filter paper, ring stand, and a beaker to collect the filtered liquid.
• 💧 The video illustrates that filtration takes time and patience, as the liquid slowly drips through the filter paper, leaving the fine particles behind.
• 🌟 The final result of the filtration process is a clearer liquid compared to the decanted liquid, indicating successful separation of the finer particles.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the experiment described in the script?

The purpose of the experiment is to demonstrate two methods for separating a mixture of water and a solid that does not dissolve in water, specifically sand.

What are the two techniques used to separate the sand from the water as described in the script?

The two techniques used are decantation and filtration.

What is a heterogeneous mixture as mentioned in the script?

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that has visible different parts, like the water and sand mixture where the sand particles are visible within the water.

How does the process of decantation work in separating sand from water?

Decantation works by allowing the solid particles (sand) to settle at the bottom and then carefully pouring off the liquid (water) from the top, leaving the sediment behind.

What is the role of the chemical spatula in the decantation process?

The chemical spatula is used to guide the pouring process during decantation, minimizing splashing and ensuring that the sand stays behind while the water is poured into another container.

Why is filtration necessary after decantation in the experiment?

Filtration is necessary after decantation to separate the smaller, finer particles of sand that are still suspended in the water and were not removed by decantation alone.

What setup is used for the filtration process as described in the script?

The filtration setup includes a ring stand, a glass funnel, filter paper, and a beaker to collect the filtered liquid.

How is the filter paper prepared and placed in the funnel for filtration?

The filter paper is folded into quarters to create a cone shape, then placed in the glass funnel and gently pressed against the funnel walls. It is wetted to help it stick to the funnel.

What is the importance of adjusting the funnel setup so that the liquid runs down the wall of the beaker during filtration?

Adjusting the funnel setup to allow the liquid to run down the wall of the beaker prevents splashing and ensures a more efficient and controlled filtration process.

How does the script describe the difference between the water before and after filtration?

The script describes the water before filtration as cloudy due to the presence of fine sand particles, while the water after filtration is clearer, indicating that the filtration process has successfully removed the suspended particles.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 Separating Sand from Water: Decantation Technique

The presenter introduces two methods for separating a mixture of water and a non-soluble solid, using sand and water as an example. They demonstrate the first method, decantation, by adding sand to a beaker and then water, creating a heterogeneous mixture. The presenter explains that allowing the mixture to settle enables the sand to sink to the bottom while the water remains on top. Carefully pouring the water into another container leaves the sand behind, achieving a rough separation. The process is shown with attention to minimizing splashing to retain as much of the liquid as possible.

05:01

💧 Further Separation with Filtration

Following decantation, the presenter sets up for the second method, filtration, to separate finer particles of sand from the water. They prepare a glass funnel with filter paper, ensuring it's secured in place by wetting the paper and pressing it against the funnel's walls. The presenter uses a chemical spatula to carefully pour the cloudy water into the funnel, allowing it to filter through the paper. They emphasize the importance of patience as the filtration process is slow due to the fineness of the filter paper. The result is a clear separation of the sand particles, leaving behind cleaner water in the beaker, demonstrating the effectiveness of filtration in removing smaller, suspended particles.

Keywords

💡Separation

Separation in the context of the video refers to the process of dividing a mixture into its individual components, specifically separating a solid that does not dissolve in water from the liquid. The video demonstrates two techniques for separation: decantation and filtration. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is essential for understanding the theme of the video, which is about purifying a liquid by removing solid impurities.

💡Mixture

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each substance retains its own properties. In the video, the mixture consists of sand and water, which are combined but not chemically bonded. The video's main theme revolves around separating these two components, illustrating the concept of a mixture and its significance in the process of separation.

💡Heterogeneous Mixture

A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed, and the different parts are visible to the naked eye. The video describes the sand and water mixture as heterogeneous because the sand particles are visible within the water. This term is crucial for understanding the nature of the mixture that needs to be separated.

💡Decantation

Decantation is a method of separating a mixture by carefully pouring off the liquid, leaving the solid particles behind. In the video, decantation is the first technique used to separate the water from the larger sand particles that have settled at the bottom of the beaker. This process is essential for achieving a rough separation of the mixture.

💡Sediment

Sediment refers to the solid particles that settle at the bottom of a liquid after being allowed to stand still. In the video, the sand particles are the sediment in the mixture with water. The term is important for understanding the outcome of the decantation process, where the sediment is left behind while the liquid is poured off.

💡Filtration

Filtration is a separation technique that uses a filter medium, such as filter paper, to separate solid particles from a liquid. The video demonstrates filtration as the second technique to further separate the finer sand particles that were not removed by decantation. This process is key to achieving a more refined separation of the mixture.

💡Filter Paper

Filter paper is a type of paper with small pores that can trap solid particles while allowing liquids to pass through. In the video, filter paper is used in conjunction with a funnel to filter out the finer sand particles from the water. The use of filter paper is central to the filtration process demonstrated in the video.

💡Funnel

A funnel is a laboratory tool, typically funnel-shaped, used to pour liquids or fine-grained materials into containers with small openings. In the video, a glass funnel is used as part of the filtration setup to direct the liquid through the filter paper. The funnel is an essential component of the filtration apparatus.

💡Chemical Spatula

A chemical spatula is a tool used in chemistry for scooping, stirring, or transferring substances. In the video, the chemical spatula is used to stir the mixture and to guide the liquid during decantation. The spatula is a practical tool that aids in the separation processes shown.

💡Ring Stand

A ring stand is a piece of laboratory equipment that provides support for various types of equipment, such as funnels, during experiments. In the video, a ring stand is used to hold the funnel in place during the filtration process. The ring stand is crucial for setting up the filtration apparatus correctly.

💡Wash Bottle

A wash bottle, also known as an aspirator bottle, is a container with a narrow spout used for dispensing small amounts of liquid. In the video, a wash bottle is used to wet the filter paper, ensuring it adheres to the funnel. The wash bottle is a useful tool for precise liquid handling in the context of the video's filtration process.

Highlights

Introduction to separating a mixture of water and a solid that does not dissolve in water

Demonstration of creating a heterogeneous mixture by adding sand to water in a beaker

Explanation of the goal to separate sand from water without any sand particles

First technique introduced: allowing the solid to settle down

Decanting process demonstrated to separate the liquid from the settled solid

Use of a chemical spatula to minimize splashing during decanting

Result of decanting: a rough separation with some fine particles still in the liquid

Introduction of the second technique: filtration

Setup for filtration using a ring stand, funnel, filter paper, and wash bottle

Instructions on how to properly fold and place filter paper in the funnel

Wetting the filter paper to ensure it adheres to the funnel

Pouring the mixture slowly into the filter to avoid overflowing the filter paper

Observation that filtration takes time and requires patience

Comparison of the cloudy and clear water to show the effectiveness of filtration

Conclusion on the two separation techniques used: decantation and filtration

Transcripts

all right so now what I'm going to do is

I'm going to show you two ways of

separating separating a mixture of water

and a solid that does not dissolve in in

the water so what I've got here is I've

got some sand this is some sand and I'm

going to place this sand in in this

beaker placing some sand in the beaker

and now I am going to add some water

into the beaker and my goal is going to

be to separate the sand from the water

to try to recover the water without any

sand particles in it so I am creating

here what we call a mixture right

you can see I've got a set up right here

I'm going to use it later on so I've got

this set up I'll go I'll explain it in

just a second so I've got my sand and

I've got my my water in the beaker and

I've got my chemical spatula and I'm

going to use the chemical spatula to

stir so what I'm doing is I am mixing

right so this is now a mixture you can

you may remember from biology or

previous Sciences this is called a

heterogeneous mixture because I can see

the different parts I can see the water

and the sand so I've started long enough

we're satisfied this is a a mixture and

we can see that I've got sand and I've

got water in here and I would like to be

able to separate them as much as

possible so what I'm going to do is the

first strategy the first technique that

we can use to separate a solid that does

not dissolve in water is a we first

allow it to settle down so here we've

allowed it to sit for a little while you

can see most of the sand is at the

bottom of the be

and then the water is at the top and

when this happens we've allowed this tap

and we can decant the liquid right so

we're going to decant the liquid on top

dekat means to pour out carefully so

that you leave the sediments on the

bottom so the sand that is on the bottom

I want to keep it there and I'm going to

pour it carefully into another container

in order to begin separating them and

this is going to be a rough separation

now notice I'm going to take my rope my

chemical spatula and I'm going to put it

over the top so that the glass part of

this spatula is on the spout here of the

beaker I'm going to hold it with my hand

like this and I'm going to use I'm going

to use it to pour into another beaker

and what I'm trying to do is I'm trying

to minimize splashing so that I don't

lose so much of my solution so I'm going

to I'm going to place this against the

wall of the beaker and I'm going to pour

it carefully just with a slight tilt

okay so that it pours into the beaker

and notice there is no splashing right

if I were working with a chemical that

was in water okay notice I'm being very

careful I'm pouring slowly so that the

sand stays behind at least the large

particles of sand stay behind and this

is decanting decanting alright so notice

I left most of the sand behind and I

have mostly water over here but it's a

little cloudy you can see it's a little

cloudy we've got some fine particles in

there so decanting gives us a good

initial separation in these types of

situations but we want a better

separation want to get most the most

that we can out so what I'm gonna do is

I'm gonna set up a system here to filter

the rest so one of them is decanting I

just showed you that pouring it out

carefully so that we're able to separate

the liquid that is on the top from the

solid that is left behind on the bottom

and then the next one is going to be

filtering you can

filter and to filter we're going to be

using a set up that is going to use a

some filter paper and we've got our

funnel right here I've got a glass

funnel notice that I've got my ring

stand with my ring hooked up to it I

have a beaker that I'm going to hold my

liquid in and I've got a filter paper

I've got a filter people show you how to

use the filter paper in a little bit but

the first thing I'm gonna do is I'm

going to adjust my setup I'm going to

bring down my ring so that the funnel is

a little slightly just slightly in the

beaker and then I'm going to place the

beaker so that the funnel is touching

the wall of the beaker again what I want

is I want the liquid that begins to drip

down to run down the wall of the beaker

I don't want it to splash alright so now

setting up the filter paper way to set

up the filter paper in here I'm also

going to need my wash bottle I'm first

going to squirt my funnel real quick so

that the filter paper will stake a

little better on there okay you can see

there is no splashing in this case its

water on water so it doesn't matter I'm

not going to have to dump this out

alright so now I'm going to fold my

filter paper into quarters so here's I

folded it into half here folded into

half and I'm going to fold it into half

again

they hold it into half again and what

I'm going to do is I'm going to take the

first right I've got one two three

layers that I've made right so I'm going

to take the first layer and notice that

the first layer will give me a good comb

right here so now I just open it and it

gives me a cone shape a funnel shape I'm

going to place it in the glass funnel

and I'm going to press it gently against

it I don't want to tear it and for the

funnel paper for the funnel for the

filter paper to stick to the funnel I'm

actually going to have to add a little

bit of water and I'm going to have to

wet it okay and that will allow my

filter paper to stick against the walls

of the funnel so now I'll just very

gently push against it I want my paper

to really stick against the walls but

don't tear it careful not to tear all

right so there it is so now what I can

do is once again being very careful I'm

going to use again my chemical spatula

and this time I'm placing the chemical

spatula all the way down into the filter

paper right and I'm going to pour a

little bit at a time so that it only

goes halfway up the filter paper right I

stopped notice that the water is coming

down starting to come down I don't want

to go above the filter paper so it's

safer to just go halfway up the filter

paper filtration takes quite a bit of

time now this isn't against the wall so

I need to adjust it there we go I

shouldn't see dripping down I should see

a stream coming down the side and so

once the water or the liquid level has

gone below the half I can add a little

bit more and I can continue to

filter the liquid here the filter paper

we're using is very fine and so it does

take a while for the liquid to come down

so if we ever do this in class you got

to be aware that this process takes some

time and you got to be patient with it

you've got to do it right all right so

I'm going to let it run down just a

little bit but I want to show you again

notice that this liquid is kind of

cloudy here it shows us that there are

some small particles that are suspended

in the water still some particles of

sand and I'm just going to remove this

and put it to the side for now you can

still see there is some water but I just

want to show you the difference so I'll

pour this out we're not going to do this

anymore and I will show you the

difference you can see how this water is

much more clear than this water this

one's kind of cloudy

this one's clear and this is the water

that has been filtered the filter has

been able to catch those smaller

particles those finer particles of sand

that we're still suspended in the water

and so those are the two types of

separations that we use separation

techniques that we use one of them is

decantation we decant the liquid to

separate it from big particles of solids

the other one is filtration we use this

set up with a ring stand the ring the

funnel the filter paper and the wash

bottle and that allows us to separate

smaller finer particles that we cannot

separate through decantation