Chapter 2, 2.4 presentation of BSSW 1C Group 1
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the political caricatures in the Philippines during the American era (1900-1941), as analyzed by Alfred McCoy. It explores how these caricatures reflect the societal and political changes, including the introduction of democracy, modernity, and capitalism. The script also highlights the disparities between the rich and poor, the rise of political dynasties, and the impact of American culture on Filipino traditions. Through selected cartoons, it provides a critical view of the era's complexities and the菲律宾s' struggle with democracy.
Takeaways
- 😀 Alfred McCoy is a historian and professor at the University of Wisconsin, with expertise in Philippine politics, history, and global opium trafficking.
- 🎨 Political caricatures are a form of art that exaggerates human features and uses symbolism to comment on political issues, distinct from classical art forms.
- 📰 The selected cartoons from the American era in the Philippines (1900-1941) were published in newspapers and provide insights into the social and political attitudes of the time.
- 👮♂️ A cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo criticized the Manila police's focus on minor crimes instead of addressing larger syndicates, reflecting public sentiment towards law enforcement.
- 🚲 The 'colorum' caricature highlighted the issue of unlicensed vehicles and the lack of proper traffic regulation during the American occupation, indicating a gap in policy enforcement.
- 🎥 A cartoon depicting a cinema scenario criticized the conservative nature of Filipinos and the cultural shift towards liberalism influenced by American occupation.
- 🏛️ Uncle Sam is portrayed in a cartoon riding a chariot pulled by Filipinos, symbolizing American control and influence over the Philippines during the occupation.
- 🤝 The last cartoon analyzed shows the complexity of the early political parties in the Philippines, reflecting the struggle for power and the superficiality of democracy at the time.
- 🌎 The American period introduced democracy and modernity to the Philippines, but also highlighted social inequalities and the challenges of adapting to new political systems.
- 🔄 The transition from Spanish to American rule is depicted through caricatures, showing the ongoing struggle for Filipino sovereignty and the impact of colonization on the country's politics and culture.
Q & A
Who is Alfred McCoy and what is his area of expertise?
-Alfred McCoy is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, where he also serves as the director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. He specializes in Philippine politics, history, and global opium trafficking.
What is the significance of political caricatures in the context of the American era in the Philippines?
-Political caricatures during the American era in the Philippines served as an effective tool for publicizing opinions through the use of symbolism, often reflecting societal issues and political attitudes of the time.
What is the difference between a political cartoon and a caricature?
-A political cartoon is a form of art that uses exaggeration and satire to comment on political issues, while a caricature specifically refers to the exaggeration of human features to poke fun at its subjects, often in a political context.
How does the first cartoon analyzed in the script comment on the political situation during the American era?
-The first cartoon comments on the political situation by depicting a politician from Tondo passing his position to his brother-in-law, symbolizing the practice of political dynasties and the transfer of power within families.
What does the second cartoon say about the working of the Manila police during the American era?
-The second cartoon, drawn by Fernando Amorsolo, critiques the Manila police for focusing on minor thefts while ignoring larger criminal activities, highlighting the perceived inefficiency and misplaced priorities of law enforcement at the time.
What does the term 'colorum' refer to in the context of the third cartoon?
-In the context of the third cartoon, 'colorum' refers to vehicles operating without the necessary permits or proper authorization from government agencies, reflecting issues with unregulated transportation during the American era.
How does the fourth cartoon reflect the cultural changes brought about by the American occupation?
-The fourth cartoon reflects cultural changes by depicting a police officer interrupting a couple's intimate moment in a cinema, symbolizing the clash between traditional Filipino conservatism and the liberal influences introduced by the Americans.
What historical event is the fifth cartoon based on, as mentioned in the script?
-The fifth cartoon is based on the event in 1907 when William Howard Taft visited the Manila pier, riding a chariot pulled by students of Liceo de Manila, which is used to comment on American influence and control over the Philippines.
How does the last cartoon from Lipang Calabao comment on the state of politics during the American era?
-The last cartoon comments on the state of politics by showing Uncle Sam reaching out to politicians, while members of different parties look on, illustrating the superficial understanding of democracy and the power struggles among political elites during the American era.
What does the analysis of political caricatures during the American period reveal about Filipino society at the time?
-The analysis reveals the truth about the conditions of Filipinos, the gap between the rich and the poor, the establishment of a government influenced by capitalism, and the superficial adoption of democratic styles, highlighting the realities of Filipino society during the American occupation.
Outlines
🖼️ Introduction to Philippine Political Caricatures
The video script introduces Karen Sonda, a reporter discussing Philippine political caricatures during the American era (1900-1941) as presented by Alfred McCoy. McCoy, a professor of history and director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Wisconsin, specializes in Philippine politics, history, and global opium trafficking. The script provides a background on political cartoons and caricatures, explaining their use of symbolism and exaggeration to publicize opinions, differing from straightforward writing and editorials. It sets the stage for an analysis of selected cartoons that reflect the attitudes of Filipino artists towards the American era.
🎨 Analysis of Political Caricatures and Their Context
The script delves into the analysis of political caricatures, focusing on their ability to communicate political issues through exaggeration and symbolism. It discusses the historical context of the cartoons, particularly during the transition from Spanish to American rule in the Philippines. The analysis includes specific examples of cartoons published in newspapers like 'The Independent', which depict various political scenarios such as the passing of political power within families and the inefficiency of the police force. These caricatures serve as a commentary on the social and political conditions of the time, highlighting issues like corruption and the struggle between the rich and the poor.
🏛️ Impact of American Occupation on Philippine Society
This section of the script discusses the impact of American occupation on Philippine society, particularly in terms of modernization and the introduction of democracy. It highlights how the Americans brought changes in healthcare, transportation, and media, which were new to the Filipinos. The script contrasts the experiences of different social classes during this period, with the upper class benefiting from economic prosperity while the majority of the poor remained in desperate conditions. It emphasizes the unfair treatment of the poor and the repression they faced, setting the stage for an analysis of how these societal changes are reflected in the political caricatures of the time.
🚗 Commentary on Social Issues through Caricatures
The script continues with an analysis of specific caricatures that comment on social issues during the American period. It discusses the introduction of automobiles and the rise of unlicensed vehicles, known as 'colorum', which led to increased accidents and a lack of proper traffic regulation. Another caricature addresses the conservative nature of Filipinos, particularly in relation to sexual issues, and how the American influence led to a 'sexual revolution'. The script contrasts traditional conservatism with the liberal attitudes introduced by the Americans, highlighting the cultural shifts that occurred during this period.
🗳️ The Reality of Democracy and Political Dynasties
The final part of the script summarizes the analysis of political caricatures during the American period, emphasizing the truth they reveal about the conditions of Filipinos. It discusses the gap between the rich and the poor, the establishment of a government that did not truly understand democracy, and the rise of political dynasties. The script concludes by reflecting on the reality of the Philippine political system, where power is often concentrated in the hands of the elite, and the division within society that has persisted to the present day.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Political Caricature
💡Alfred McCoy
💡American Era
💡Democracy
💡Modernity
💡Inequality
💡Cultural Shift
💡Colorum
💡Political Dynasties
💡Class Division
💡Nationalista Party
Highlights
Introduction to the study of Philippine political caricature during the American era by Alfred McCoy.
Alfred McCoy's background as a professor of history and specialist in Philippine politics and global opium trafficking.
Definition and importance of political cartoons and caricatures as tools for publicizing opinions.
Historical context of the American era in the Philippines and its impact on local politics.
Analysis of a political cartoon depicting the transfer of political power within a Filipino family.
Commentary on the inefficiency of the Manila police through a cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo.
Discussion on the rise of 'colorum' vehicles and the lack of proper regulation during the American period.
Examination of a cartoon reflecting the conservative nature of Filipinos and the influence of American culture.
Illustration of Uncle Sam's influence on Filipino students and the introduction of American culture.
Critique of political parties and the power dynamics between the elite during the American occupation.
Eliza Zula's analysis of political caricatures and their reflection of the American period in the Philippines.
The introduction of democracy and its impact on the Philippines during the American era.
Impact of American occupation on the modernization and industrialization of the Philippines.
Discussion on the economic prosperity of the upper class and the plight of the poor during the American period.
Analysis of a cartoon symbolizing the control and brainwashing of Filipinos by American influence.
Reflection on the division in Philippine society and the struggle for power among political parties.
Conclusion on the realities of Filipino society during the American occupation as depicted in political caricatures.
Transcripts
[Musika]
assam Alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuhu and good morning or good
afternoon to each and everyone I am
Karen sond a reporter of chapter 2 2.4 a
glance at selected Philippine political
caricature in alfred's
mangcoy Philippine cto's political
caricature of the American
era in
1900-41
political caricature of Americans era in
19-9 yung mga record ng mga philippino
artists kung ano yung mga pinalaganap
ang mga attitude towards sa atin ng mga
Amer
Sino nga ba si Alfred mcy na makikita
natin sa title like Philippine political
caricature in Alfred mcoy Sino nga siya
He is born on June 8 1945 and the
csa a professor of history at the
university of wisconsin where he also
serve as the director of center of for
Southeast Asian studies so is siang prof
profess at Director also
specialized in Philippine politics
history and global opium trafficking he
also spent the past quarter of his life
writing about the politics and history
the opium trade So what is Political
cartoons and
caricature cartoons at caricature It is
a politic cartoon and caricature a
rather recent art It is a art form which
beed away from the classical art by ex
saturating human features and cooking
fun at its subjects it is art form at
hindi it ng mga classical arts na
nakikita natin sa mga comics sa libro or
sa
TV kasi hindi lang to siya basta-basta
makikita dito yung mga human feature may
basehan itong ginawa nila may basehan
Itong mga makikita natin
mamaya cartoons Become An effective tool
of publicizing opinions through heavy
use of symbolism ginamitan nila to ng
heavy mabigat na mga simbolo which is
different from the virus writing and
editorial and opinion pieces audience
imagination kasi makikita natin dun sa
art form talaga makikita natin d sa
cartoons kung ano yung mga nangyari dati
n hindi pa nung sinakop tayo ng mga
Amerikano makikita natin kung ano ba
yung nangyari his book Philippine
cartoons political caricature of the
American era 1900 1941 alfred's mcboy
together with Alfredo Roses complied
political cartoons published in
newspapers stes for this part We are
going to look at the selected cartoons
and expand the context of H ones so the
first example shown above was published
in the independent dito nila pinublish
d independent on may
201916 the cartoon sho was politician
from Tondo Nam Dr Santos passing his CR
to his brother-in-law Dr Barcelona natin
sa picture mayong isang Filipino guy na
makikita nating nakasuot ng salakot at
parang Tagalog na pinipigilan si dror
Santos na ibigay yung
Corona sa kanyang brother-in-law na si
Dr Barcelona
kasi hindi niya pa ito oras para ibigay
hindi pa ito ang hindi pa tapos ang
kanyang termino Para ipasa ang kanyang
Corona the second cartoon was also
published In The independence so gish
din nila ito sa the independent on June
16
1917 This was thrown by Fernando
Amorsolo he draw ito ni Fernando
Amorsolo and was aim as a commentary on
the working of manil police at that
period nakikita natin na merong isang
Filipino kit na tinatakbo yung payat na
chicken kung saan ninakaw niya kasi wala
siyang kakain At itong police officer
naman ay hinahabol siya upang huliin
then itong lalaking nakasakop nakasuot
ng salakot na kung saan ay si Juan de la
Cruz ay pinipigilan niya ang police
officer na hulihing itong bata kasi nga
para sa kanya Ay hindi pwede sila hindi
sila pwedeng mag-focus sa liit lamang na
magnanakaw kagaya ng bata na hinuli lang
naman ang payat pa na manok kasi wala
siyang makain para sa kanya ay mag-pokus
sila sa paghuli ng mga sindikatong
malalaki kagaya ng ginam niya yung
malaking warehouse kung saan madaming
nakatambak na mga kanin at mga grocery
mga milk so the next cartoon the third
cartoon was a commentary on the
unprecedented k color from automobiles
in the city train it nga ba ang color
from automobiles colorum refers to the
bices that operate without the necessary
permit or proper authorization from
lbat government agency Philippine free
press published this explanation when
fatal accidents involving colong
bicycles and taxes occur through often
already so the fourth cartoon deps a
cinema a blown up police officer sir was
at the screen saying that couples are
not allowed to neck and make love in the
theater so Guys sino naman siguro
magugulat talaga pag sa isang cinema
napakalaking screen ay biglang susot ang
isang police officer na sasabihin kayo
ng not allow to make inv love in the
theater youngers SL Harvard na talaga
yung dalawang couple na mga bata pa kasi
nagulat talaga sila sa police officer na
ito walang mga older couple is seems
amuse next cartoon published by the
independent on November 27 1915 so
publish din ito sa the independent here
we see the caricature of Uncle Sam
riding a chariot Filipinos wearing
school
uniforms Ano nga ba ang chariot ito ay
isang courage kung saan hila-hila ito ng
mga
kabayo na ito ay minsan ay dala-dala pa
nila ang mga kagamitan ng mga Amerikano
kagaya ng baseball bats Whisky boxing
gloves which is mabibigay talaga ito in
MP in his caption to the S cartoon say
that this cartoon was the base on the
event in
1907 when William Howard daff was B to
the Manila pier riding at charot h by
the students of Liceo de Manila so the
last cartoon was published by the lipang
calabao ipublish ito ng lipang calabao
on august 24 1907 in the picture we can
see unc Sam Russ for reach to the
politicians and members of the progr
Party sometimes known as the federalista
party while members of the nationalista
Party look on and wait for their turn
fored means greater desired or inv by
the politicians from either of the
[Musika]
part Good morning I'm Eliza zula in this
video presentation I will discuss to you
the analysis of the political
caricatures during the American
period So this discussion is relatively
connected to M's discussion So Here
i-analyze natin yung different
caricatures no during the American
period by Mr Alfred mcoy So this
political caricatures will speak and
Will Tell Us something about the
situation of the Philippines and the
Filipinos during the American
Good So what is caricature so when we
say caricature It is a drawing It is a
Drawing for a purpose ito iyung mga Uh
cartoons something like that drawing art
ganyan siya na may purpose May something
exaggerated meaning so when it comes to
political caricature It is a cartoons
that makes a point that makes a point
about political issue issues no Kasi
political So it Talks about the issues
regarding the politics and the events Uh
related to
politics so the transition from the
Spanish colonial period to the American
occupation period demonstrated different
Trends of changes no from Spaniards no
to Americans parang kakas nga lang sa
atin tapos sasakupin na naman tayo ng
ibang ah bansa na so through American
perod dito na nagsimula yung iba't ibang
ah pagbabago na hindi lang sa mga tao
pati na rin sa kultura natin sa society
na meron tayo at lalong-lalo na yung
politics no yung pulitika na meron sa
Pilipinas so the Americans drastically
introduced democracy to the n Nation
which is tayo yon Uh which is ang bansa
natin non ang Pilipinas ang nas Nation
dahil um the americans are are starting
to develop pa lang yung ating bansa No
that's why they introduced the democracy
to us so we all know that when we say
democracy It is a system of Government
where the power or yung kapangyarihan is
naggagaling sa mga mamamayan or yung mga
tao no Kalayaan nila yon para pumili no
kung sino yung karapatdapat sa kanilang
maging leader ng isang lugar or ng isang
bansa um so in the American period also
Filipinos were introduced to different
modernity like dahil sa mga Amerikano
nagkaroon ng opportunity yung mga Uh
Pilipino yung Pilipinas na makilala yung
makabagong henerasyon k meron ng mga
health care health cares modern
transportations different types of
modern transportations and media no so
before kasi nung Saan Spanish colonial
period pa ang ginagamit ng mga filipino
on communicating is ba nagsusulat pa but
then the American
ah occupation period doun na sila
na-introduce no sa makabagong
ah henerasyon like meron ng mga telepono
no meron ng mga sasakyan diyan na
nagsimula yung modernity sa
Pilipinas the post Independence when we
say post Independence it refers to the
period after the country gain
Independence from a colonial rule and
post filipino-american period in the
Philippines experienced differently by
Filipinos coming from different
classes so even We are all Filipinos
they are all Filipinos during that time
is they experience different treatments
Why kasi merang tinatawag na class may
mga class para sa
may CL para sa mayayaman and mahirap so
upper principalia CL is yung nak
experience ng economic prosperity sila
yung nakaka-experience ng high level of
Val or yung mga mayayaman so sila Yung
may opportunity na makapag-aral dahil
nga mikaya sila and also Ah mas
napagtutuunan sila ng pansin not unlike
sa mga mahihirap na Pilipino na hindi
sila napapansin Kasi nga wala silang
kaya no like the majority of the Poor
Filipinos remain poor no nanatili pa rin
silang mahirap nanatili pa silang
desperado sa kung paano sila mamumuhay
And they are all considered ung mga
mahihirap na Filipino before is they are
all considered a victim they are all
considered as a victim of repression
dahil ang napaka-unfair para sa kanila
na
ang tinatrato lang ng maayos is yung mga
nasa taas or nakaka-experience ng
magandang buhay o yung mga mayayaman so
start to analyze the different cartoons
with different Uh symbolic
representations that speak something
about the truth about the situation of
the Filipinos during the American period
so the first cartoon was published by
the independent May 20 1916 so to
analyze the first political cartoon this
Actually speaks about the politics kung
saan yung crown is nire-represent nito
ang ating bansa or ang Pilipinas So it
symbolizes s very or kapangyarihan
ah na dapat meron ang Pilipinas but What
happened no ano yung nangyari sa
kasaysayan natin during the Treaty of
Paris sign on December 10 1898 this
Talks
about peace agreement between the
Spanish and the United States that ended
the Spanish American War kung saan
naibenta ang Pilipinas by the Spaniards
to the Americans for 20 million US
dollar So alam natin alam natin
espcially the government of Emilio
Aguinaldo they try to express their
opinion try to oppose this things to
happen but wala silang nagagawa No they
have nothing Uh to do kasi walang mga
filipino during the Treaty of Paris
walang representative yung Filipino O
Philippines no walang stive yung
Philippines doon so ang nangyari yung
Corona yung kapangyarihan ay talagang
naibigay o naipasa sa iba so ah Parang
yung colonization na galing sa Espanya
ay ipinasa doon sa mga Amerikano So
walang nagawang mga filipino oppose sana
tayong mga Pilipino pero
um wala tayong nagawa It's like parang
ibinigay at
we know what happened after the
occupation of the Spaniards for 333
years of course So Here comes the
Americans so Americans na naman ung
sasakop sa atin So this is now The
Beginning they have the crown they have
already the philippines so in the first
cartoon It also reveals about the truth
of political dynasty so dito nagsimula
Iyung idea which is laganap nga sa tundo
during that times It speaks of severity
the crown the government given to those
relatives no parang yung ah kumbaga yung
position is pinagpapasahan lang sa
kag-anak lang din no So um nangyayari
parang ganun ung nangyari no the same sa
pagpasa ng ating bansa sa Espanya Tapos
i pensa ibinenta doon sa mga
America so the second cartoon was also
published by the independent on 16 June
1970 This was drawn by Fernando amarelo
and was aimed as a commentary to the
workings of manil pois at that perod so
we have to understand no second cartoons
we have to understand na ang American
occupation was the beginning of
modernization also the industrialization
and capitalism in the Philippine country
that's why yung mga Capitalist yung mga
upper class or Rich people we're
controlling the economy they are
controlling the natural resources or
yung kayamanan ng ating bansa kaya dito
sa second cartoons cartoon na ito It
speaks about inequality no The Gap
between the rich and the poor and this
was real happening in the Philippines
during the American period Kaya during
this period we are free but we can't
have what we deserve kasi Unfair Yung
way and how they treat Filipino no kaya
gaya ng sa
kanta ni bambo sa na habang may tatsulok
at sila ang nasa tuktok di matatapos
itong gulo kaya yung mga Pilipino is
nanatili pa ring nasa baba yung mga
mahirap na pilipino is nanatili pa nasa
baba kasi nga they are experiencing they
are experiencing Unfair
treatment the third cartoon was a
commentary on the unprecedented cases of
colorum automobiles in the CB Street so
the third caricature symbolized
the presence of the automobile coming of
the new transportation system brought by
Americans to Filipinos dito natin
makikita na ang mga Amerikano ang
nagpakilala sa makabagong system ng mga
transportasyon So
parang This is a good Sign to think
about Uh the Americans however with the
rapidly changing society that happens in
the Philippines during those times dito
na rin natin makikita na kulang pa rin
yung mga policies and laws when it comes
to the automobiles dahil ah nagkaroon ng
increase sa nagkaroon ng increase sa
colorum or ito yung mga vehicles na
unlicensed no na isinasakay nila yung
mga tao around City na walang lisensya
so hindi masyadong naasikaso yung ah
pag-issue ng driver's license during
that time and also mas yung mga traffic
enforcers police Traffic enforcers is
wala silang pak sa mga violations ng
traffic rules during the American period
Kaya ito yung mga naging problema ah
during the
American so the fourth cartoon depicts a
cinem a cinema So this in the fourth
cartoon actually actually the spent has
thought Filipinos conservatism kasi part
iyan sa Christian sa Christianity sa
catholicism and We also as a Muslim
amoro is also conservative when it comes
to sexual issues no so however when the
Americans when the American occupation
ah they Tau Filipinos to become
Liberated they taught the Filipinos to
become Liberated when it comes to sex
Kaya nga sa historians UM it calls this
one as sexual Revolution ito Iyung term
ng mga bagong Generation yung ating all
the traditional
conservative so definitely this speaks
of two contradicting cultures the
cultural conservatism and culture of
liberalism so as you can see parang
dahil sa mga Americans na-adopt ng mga
Pilipino no na-adopt ng ng ibang
Pilipino pala rather yung mga ginagawa
nila na even sa public places they are
kissing no may mga nakikita tayong mga
filipino na even sa public places they
are kissing they are making scandals and
so on
na so on that Spaniards didn't t us so
parang that is the Uh one good thing na
pwedeng mai-in ng mga Spaniards no
during those Uh
time the next cartoon was published by
the independent on 27 November
1915 so in this cartoon it actually
means that the Americans were Actually
control controlling or subjugating the
Filipinos they control Us by
brainwashing so ginawa nila tayong
mangmang using harmless or seemingly
harmless colonization like sinasabihan
nila tayo ng mga sweet quids that behind
Those sweet quids we Actually their dark
motives parang sinasabihan nila tayo ng
sweet words para sa atin It is a sweet
words but then behind that meron Iyung
um ibang mini na parang tayong mga
Pilipino ginagawa nila tayong mga tanga
or something na parang inuut-ut
nila so the last cartoon was published
by lipang calabao on 24 August 197 so
last cartoon it actually shows an image
of what kind of society and politics we
had under the American occupation so
dito natin makikita that the early
Filipinos or this Filipinos during this
time did not really understand hindi
talaga nila naintindihan kung ano yung
kahag ng democracy So Here Comes The
establishment of different parties my
nationalist party They said the
federalist party so dito natin makikita
yyung competition between parties
emerging of the newly parties or
political parties kung saan was usually
composed by the elites or the rich
people so dito natin makikita Iyung
reality na may mga Uh politicians that
they will transfer to another Uh party
that is is more powerful no compared to
the others Actually This is still
happening Uh right now no So this is a
reality in this is not the real essence
of democracy kasi pinagka watak-watak
nila iyung mga Pilipino so the history
of our country tell us that division
will not will not bring good to our
society which is true that that It's
still happening in our in our political
system na kung sino yung may madaming ah
boto or Sino ung may madaming kakilala
may Uh mas powerful na kapangyarihan sa
isang Uh sa isang bansa sa isang Uh
community is doon sila kumakampi and
that is the real sad reality of our Uh
country so to sum up the analysis of the
political caricature during the American
period those political cartoons Actually
speaks of the truth it Speak the
condition of the Filipinos the poor
condition of the Filipino with the
coming up of capitalism The Gap between
the rich and the Poor the government we
have we had established and that what We
also Learn from the Americans with the
democratic style so these are realities
no to the Filipinos to the philippin
society during the time of american
occupation
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