Cairan dan Elektrolit - part 1

Nursing UMY
25 Apr 202015:47

Summary

TLDRThis script discusses the fundamentals of body fluids and electrolytes, essential for understanding patient care in fluid and electrolyte disorders. It explains the concept of homeostasis, the composition of body fluids, and the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids. The script also covers osmolarity, isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and how the body maintains fluid balance through active transport, diffusion, and osmosis. It touches on the causes of edema and the importance of considering factors like age, gender, and body fat in fluid balance.

Takeaways

  • 😀 The human body must maintain homeostasis, which includes a balance in body temperature, blood electrolytes, and blood volume.
  • 💧 The body's composition includes 55-60% water, with women having a slightly lower percentage due to higher body fat composition.
  • 🔬 Body fluids are categorized into intracellular fluid (2/3) and extracellular fluid (1/3), which includes interstitial fluid and plasma.
  • 🛡 The cell membrane and blood vessel walls act as barriers, allowing certain substances to pass while restricting others.
  • 🌡 Osmolality is a measure of solute concentration in a solution, with isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions having different effects on cells.
  • 🔄 Processes like active transport, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration help maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.
  • 🚰 Dehydration or excess salt intake can disrupt the body's osmolality, leading to a need for compensatory mechanisms to restore balance.
  • đŸ©ž Edema can occur due to changes in hydrostatic pressure, such as in conditions like right heart failure, pregnancy, or due to prolonged standing.
  • 💩 The body's thirst mechanism is triggered by an increase in extracellular osmolality, signaling the need for water intake to restore balance.
  • đŸ‘¶ Age, gender, and body fat percentage influence the body's fluid composition, with infants and the elderly being more susceptible to dehydration.

Q & A

  • What is the concept of homeostasis and why is it important for the body?

    -Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, keeping parameters like body temperature, electrolyte levels, and blood pH within a normal range. This balance is crucial as it allows the body to function optimally and respond effectively to changes.

  • What is the composition of body fluids in terms of percentage, and how does it differ between genders?

    -Body fluids make up about 55-60% of the body weight, with women having a slightly lower percentage due to a higher body fat composition. Men typically have around 60% body fluids, while women have about 55%. This difference is attributed to hormonal factors that influence body fat distribution.

  • What are the two main types of body fluids and their respective proportions?

    -Body fluids are categorized into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). ICF accounts for two-thirds of the body fluids, while ECF constitutes one-third. ECF is further divided into interstitial fluid (80%) and plasma (20%).

  • How do membranes like the cell membrane and blood vessel walls contribute to fluid balance?

    -Cell membranes and blood vessel walls act as semipermeable barriers that regulate the movement of substances between intracellular, interstitial, and plasma fluids. They allow certain substances to pass while restricting others, thus maintaining the balance of electrolytes and other solutes.

  • What is osmolarity and how does it relate to the concentration of solutes in body fluids?

    -Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of solute particles in a solution, indicating the number of particles per kilogram of water. It is crucial for maintaining fluid balance as it influences the movement of water across cell membranes, which can affect cell volume and function.

  • What are the differences between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions in relation to body fluids?

    -Isotonic solutions have the same osmolarity as body fluids, hypotonic solutions have a lower osmolarity, and hypertonic solutions have a higher osmolarity. These terms describe how solutions compare to the osmolarity of blood or other body fluids, which is typically around 280-300 mOsm/kg.

  • How do processes like active transport, diffusion, and osmosis contribute to maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

    -Active transport moves substances against concentration gradients, often using energy to maintain the concentration differences necessary for cell function. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane in response to differences in solute concentration, helping to balance fluid levels.

  • What is the role of the lymphatic system in fluid balance, and how can its dysfunction lead to edema?

    -The lymphatic system aids in fluid balance by returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream. Dysfunction or blockage in the lymphatic system can result in the accumulation of fluid in tissues, leading to edema.

  • How does the body's position, such as standing for long periods, affect fluid distribution and the potential for edema?

    -Prolonged standing increases hydrostatic pressure in the lower extremities, slowing lymphatic flow and potentially leading to fluid accumulation and edema, especially in the legs and feet.

  • What are the factors that influence the body's water composition, and how do they impact the risk of dehydration?

    -Factors influencing body water composition include age, gender, and body fat percentage. Infants and the elderly are at higher risk of dehydration due to their higher or lower body water percentages, respectively. Dehydration can occur more rapidly in these groups due to their altered water composition.

Outlines

00:00

💧 Understanding Body Fluids and Electrolytes

This paragraph introduces the concept of body fluids and electrolytes, emphasizing the importance of homeostasis. It explains that the human body must maintain a balanced state, including normal ranges for body temperature, blood electrolytes, and blood pH. The body automatically adjusts to maintain these parameters within normal ranges. The composition of body fluids is discussed, highlighting that the body is made up of 55-60% water in women and 60% in men, with the difference attributed to women's higher body fat composition due to hormonal factors. The paragraph also distinguishes between intracellular and extracellular fluids, explaining their separation by the cell membrane and capillary walls. The role of these membranes in allowing certain substances to pass while blocking others is also mentioned.

05:00

🌡 Osmolality and Cellular Conditions

This section delves into the effects of hypotonic and hypertonic conditions on cells, explaining how cells swell in hypotonic environments and shrink in hypertonic ones. It outlines the body's processes to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, including active transport, diffusion, and filtration. The paragraph describes how these processes work to maintain osmolar gradients when there are differences in electrolyte concentration. It also explains how active transport maintains the concentration of ions like sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid, and potassium, magnesium, and phosphate in the intracellular fluid. Diffusion and osmosis are further elaborated upon as passive processes that facilitate the movement of substances without energy expenditure, with examples provided to illustrate these concepts.

10:07

🚰 Filtration and Edema

The third paragraph discusses the movement of fluid between vascular and interstitial compartments, focusing on filtration. Filtration is described as the movement of fluid through cell membranes or blood vessels due to differences in hydrostatic pressure. The concept of hydrostatic pressure is explained, using blood flow as an example, and how it can lead to edema when there is a high hydrostatic pressure. The paragraph also explores why edema occurs, linking it to changes in hydrostatic pressure and the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Conditions that predispose individuals to edema, such as right heart failure, pregnancy, infection, and the effects of gravity, are mentioned. The importance of considering the body's response to fluid intake and the potential for fluid accumulation in certain situations is highlighted.

15:10

đŸ‘¶ Impact of Age on Body Fluid Composition

The final paragraph addresses how body fluid composition is influenced by age, gender, and body fat. It notes that as people age, their body fluid composition decreases, with infants having a higher percentage of body water compared to adults. The paragraph emphasizes the risk of dehydration in infants and the elderly due to their fluid composition. It also mentions the rapid onset of dehydration in these groups, especially in cases of diarrhea, and concludes with a brief acknowledgment of the introduction to fluids and electrolytes provided in the script.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Homeostasis

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment by regulating its physiological variables such as temperature, pH, and electrolyte levels. In the video, the concept of homeostasis is central as it explains how the body strives to keep these variables within a normal range, despite changes that may occur. The video mentions that if homeostasis is not maintained properly, it may require therapeutic intervention.

💡Electrolytes

Electrolytes are minerals that dissolve in body fluids and carry an electric charge, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. They are crucial for maintaining the body's fluid balance and are a key topic in the video. The speaker discusses how electrolytes are involved in various body functions, including the balance of fluids inside and outside cells, and how imbalances can lead to health issues.

💡Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells, making up about two-thirds of the body's total fluid. The video explains that ICF is separated from the extracellular fluid by the cell membrane and is important for cellular functions. The speaker uses the term to describe the composition of body fluids and how it relates to overall health.

💡Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Extracellular fluid is the liquid found outside of cells, comprising the interstitial fluid and plasma. The video discusses how ECF is involved in the balance of fluids and electrolytes, and how its composition differs from that of intracellular fluid. The speaker also explains how the body maintains the balance between ICF and ECF.

💡Osmolarity

Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The video uses the term to explain how the body maintains the balance of solutes in different fluid compartments, and how changes in osmolarity can affect cell volume and function. The speaker mentions normal osmolarity ranges and how deviations can indicate certain health conditions.

💡Isotonic

An isotonic solution has the same osmotic pressure as the body's cells, meaning it has the same concentration of solutes as the intracellular fluid. In the video, the speaker discusses isotonic solutions in the context of maintaining cell volume and preventing cell swelling or shrinkage, which is important for proper cellular function.

💡Hypotonic

A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the body's cells, leading to water moving into the cells by osmosis, causing them to swell. The video explains how hypotonic conditions can occur and the potential health implications, such as cell damage due to swelling.

💡Hypertonic

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the body's cells, causing water to move out of the cells by osmosis, leading to cell shrinkage. The video discusses how hypertonic conditions can affect the body, including the potential for cellular dehydration and the importance of maintaining proper electrolyte balance.

💡Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The video describes how diffusion plays a role in the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the absorption of nutrients in the body. The speaker also explains how diffusion relates to the movement of electrolytes and water across cell membranes.

💡Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In the video, the speaker uses osmosis to explain how water balance is maintained between different fluid compartments in the body and how it can be affected by the administration of intravenous fluids.

💡Edema

Edema is the swelling of body tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces. The video discusses how edema can occur as a result of changes in hydrostatic pressure, such as when there is an increase in blood volume or a failure of the right side of the heart to pump blood efficiently. The speaker also mentions that edema can be caused by prolonged sitting or standing, which affects the flow of lymphatic fluid.

Highlights

The body must be in a state of homeostasis or balance, with normal ranges for body temperature, blood electrolytes, and blood volume.

The body's composition includes 55-60% water, with women having slightly less due to higher body fat composition.

Intracellular fluid makes up two-thirds of the body's water, while the remaining one-third is extracellular fluid.

The plasma membrane and blood vessel walls separate intracellular, interstitial, and plasma fluids.

Osmolality is a measure of solute concentration in a fluid, with normal body osmolality ranging between 280-300 mOsm/kg H2O.

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions are distinguished by their solute concentrations relative to blood.

The body maintains fluid and electrolyte balance through active transport, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.

Active transport maintains different electrolyte concentrations in various body compartments, such as sodium and potassium.

Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration, requiring no energy.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to a difference in solute concentration.

Filtration is the movement of fluid through a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure differences, such as blood leaving the heart.

Edema can occur due to changes in hydrostatic pressure, such as in heart failure or during pregnancy.

The sensation of thirst is triggered by changes in extracellular osmolality, activating receptors in the brain to initiate drinking.

The body's fluid composition is influenced by factors such as age, gender, and body fat percentage.

Infants and the elderly are at higher risk of dehydration due to their body's fluid composition.

Dehydration can occur rapidly in infants with diarrhea, and the elderly are also at risk due to lower body water composition.

Transcripts

play00:00

Halo Bismillahirohmanirohim

play00:02

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

play00:03

wabarakatuh ketemu lagi dengan saya di

play00:06

dasar-dasar cairan dan elektrolit

play00:08

Sebelum saya Jelaskan mengenai asuhan

play00:10

keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan

play00:12

cairan dan elektrolit kita pelajari dulu

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tentang dasar-dasar cairan dan

play00:16

elektrolit ia konsep dasar cairan dan

play00:20

elektrolit adalah beberapa hal yang

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harus anda pelajari untuk Bagaimana

play00:24

mengenal tentang cairan dasar dan

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elektrolit jadi pertama-tama bahwa tubuh

play00:29

kita itu sebetulnya harus berada dalam

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kondisi yang homeostasis atau dalam

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posisi yang Keseimbangan keseimbangan

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itu apa jadi tubuh itu selalu dalam

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rentang normal seperti suhu tubuh harus

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dalam rentang normal elektrolit darah

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dalam rentang normal PH darah dalam

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rentang normal dan volume darah dalam

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rentang normal dalam kondisi tertentu

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tentunya akan terjadi perubahan didalam

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tubuh namun bathub uh akan

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mengembalikannya ke dalam rentang normal

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untuk

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ngape homeostasis tersebut namun jika

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itu tidak bisa terkonsentrasi dengan

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baik maka itulah yang perlu diberikan

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terapi sebelumnya kita harus dulu tahu

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dulu tentang komposisi cairan di dalam

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tubuh cairan di dalam tubuh terdiri atas

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lima puluh lima persen cairan dan yang

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prosentase yang lain adalah suatu zat

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padat renangnya pada wanita terdiri dari

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lima lima persen cairan dan pada

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laki-laki a person atas 60% cairan

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Kenapa wanita lebih sedikit cairannya

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Karena komposisi lemak tubuh wanita itu

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lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan

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laki-laki karena disebabkan karena

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beberapa faktor hormonal yang

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menyebabkan lemak tubuh wanita lebih

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tinggi daripada laki-laki dan 55 persen

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atau 60% cairan itu terdiri atas A23

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cairan intraseluler dan sepertiga cairan

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ekstra seluler

play02:00

cairan intraseluler itu adalah Cairan

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yang berada di dalam sel Coba lihat di

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gambar itu di dalam sel disebut sebagai

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cairan intra seluler sedangkan cairan

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ekstraseluler atau sepertiga cairan

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ekstraseluler terdiri atas 80% cairan

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interstisial atau cairan diantara sel

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dan 20% dari Ran plasma yang berada di

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dalam kapiler darah lalu siapakah yang

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memisahkan cairan intraseluler

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interstisial dan plasma yang mengisahkan

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adalah membran plasma dan dinding

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pembuluh darah Nam Imran plasma itu

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memisahkan antara cairan intraseluler

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dengan cairan interstisial sifatnya

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bersifat permeabel mengizinkan beberapa

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substansi melewati membran plasma namun

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bisa juga menghambat pergerakan beberapa

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substansi yang lain dinding pembuluh

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darah memisahkan antara plasma darah

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dengan cairan interstisial dan kemudian

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hai eh dasar-dasar Keseimbangan cairan

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elektrolit itu yang perlu Anda pahami

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adalah cairan tubuh yang 50% atau 60%

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itu terdiri atas air dan partikel

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terlarut solvent atau pelarut yang

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disebut hak kita sebagai air sedangkan

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solut atau zat terlarut adalah

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partikel-partikel yang teratur di dalam

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air fungsi tubuh tergantung dari tetap

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terjaganya keseimbangan cairan dan

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elektrolit dan kemudian komposisi cairan

play03:32

tubuh komposisi cairan tubuh terdiri

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dari garam mineral yang disebut sebagai

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elektrolit osmolaritas adalah ukuran

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konsentrasi partikel solut atau zat

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terlarut dalam suatu larutan cairan yang

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banyak mengandung jumlah partikel

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terlarut lebih konsentrat atau lebih

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pekat dibandingkan yang memiliki sedikit

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partikel terlarut jadi misalnya kalau

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kita makan tinggi garam itu cairan tubuh

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kita

play04:00

lebih pekat atau kadar gula darah

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seseorang yang tinggi itu cairan

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tubuhnya lebih pekat atau orang

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dehidrasi tak cairan tubuhnya akan lebih

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pekat atau lebih konsentrat dan

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selanjutnya kalau semula ritas normal di

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dalam tubuh itu berkisar antara 280-300

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milimol per kg H2O kemudian osmolalitas

play04:23

normal di dalam tubuh itu diukur sebagai

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satuannya isotonik hipotonik dan

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hipertonik Jadi kalau isotonik yaitu

play04:31

cairan dengan tonisitas yang sama

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sedangkan hipotonik itu lebih cair

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dibandingkan darah Kalau hipertonik

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lebih pekat dibandingkan dengan darah

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Kemudian untuk eh isotonik hipotonik dan

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hipertonik kalau isotonik itu 280 Mini

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osmolalitas per liter sedangkan

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hipotonik artinya kurang dari isotonik

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atau kurang dari 280 millions Mal ja

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kalau di gang

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ini sekitar 209 Mini cosmol Unair

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kriteria sel kondisi sel pada kondisi

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hipotonik itu biasanya selnya akan

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membengkak kemudian kalau hipertonik dia

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sifatnya pekat 360 Mini osmolaritas dan

play05:18

hasilnya Akan mengkarat Kemudian didalam

play05:22

tubuh itu ada beberapa proses yang

play05:25

berusaha untuk mempertahankan

play05:26

Keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit yaitu

play05:29

dengan transpor aktif difusi osmosis dan

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filtrasi kemudian keempat proses itu

play05:38

tujuannya apa untuk mempertahankan

play05:40

osmolaritas diterima kompartemen ketika

play05:43

terjadi perbedaan konsentrasi elektrolit

play05:45

misal kita harus halus Pingin minum

play05:48

namun ketika eh Imin minum kita tidak

play05:53

ada minum mencari minum kok tidak ada

play05:55

maka tubuh sebenarnya itu akan berusaha

play06:00

Lex tubuh tetap homeostasis dengan cara

play06:02

proses transpor aktif difusi osmosis

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atau yang terasi Jadi kalau terlalu

play06:07

banyak garam eh tube tubuh berusaha

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untuk mengkompensasi supaya tidak

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terlalu pekat dengan cara ke

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mengeluarkan atau memasukkan cairan ke

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sel kemudian transport aktif itu adalah

play06:24

cairan di kompartemen tubuh yang berbeda

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mempunyai perbedaan konsentrasi

play06:29

elektrolit untuk mempertahankan fungsi

play06:31

tubuh misalnya konsentrasi ion natrium

play06:34

CL dan HCO3 lebih tinggi di cairan

play06:37

ekstraseluler sedangkan konsentrasi K +

play06:40

mg-12 dan fosfat lebih tinggi di daerah

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intraseluler Jadi kalau sel

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mempertahankan konsentrasi intraseluler

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yang tinggi melalui transport aktif

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misalnya transpor aktif pada pompa

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sodium potasium yang memompa natrium

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keluar dari sel dan ga masuk ke sel

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kemudian

play07:00

Hai dinatrium itu di dalam sel lebih

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rendah dibandingkan dengan baik di luar

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dan kalium lebih tinggi di luar daripada

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di dalam sel nah eh ke proses difusi

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difusi adalah proses pergerakan pasif

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suatu elektrolit atau partikel dari area

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yang berkonsentrasi tinggi ke rendah

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difusi tidak membutuhkan energi untuk

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menggerakkan molekul terjadi pada gas

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dan cairan tidak membutuhkan membran

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semipermeable cepat ketika suhu

play07:30

meningkat elektrolit di dalam tubuh

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mudah berdifusi contohnya oksigen dan

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karbondioksida itu masuk keluar baru

play07:38

dengan cara difusi sehingga dia tidak

play07:40

membutuhkan membran semipermeable

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kemudian nutrien yang menembus usus

play07:44

halus ke darah atau absorbsi makanan di

play07:47

usus halus dia juga tidak membutuhkan

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membran semi permeable kemudian osmosis

play07:53

Osmosis adalah pergerakan air melewati

play07:55

membran sel tidak membutuhkan energi

play07:58

untuk memindahkan more

play08:00

Hai prosesnya melalui pergerakan air

play08:02

yang melewati membran pada kondisi

play08:04

perbedaan konsentrasi tekanan osmotik

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adalah tekanan yang dibutuhkan untuk

play08:10

mempertimbangkan keseimbangan osmotik

play08:12

antara larutan dan pelarut murninya yang

play08:16

dipisahkan oleh suatu membran yang dapat

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ditempuh hanya oleh pelarut tersebut

play08:21

partikel yang berada di dalam sel

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menggunakan intraseluler flat tekanan

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osmotik yang akan mendorong air ke sel

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air akan bergerak ke kompartemen yang

play08:31

mempunyai tekanan osmotik yang tinggi

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sampai kedua kompartemen mempunyai

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konsentrasi partikel yang sama atau dari

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zat dengan zat terlarut yang rendah zat

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terlarut yang tinggi contohnya pada

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pemberian terapi intravena atau

play08:47

hipotonik akan menurunkan tekanan

play08:49

osmotik dibawah tekanan expotech

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intraseluler dan kepada pemberontak rapi

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hipertonik menyebabkan air meninggalnya

play08:57

meninggalkan sel dengan cara osmosis

play08:59

untuk

play09:00

sedangkan osmolaritas antara

play09:01

interstisial dan intraseluler jadi

play09:04

pemberian intravena itu juga perlu

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dipertimbangkan sesuai dengan kondisi

play09:09

daerah yang ada di dalam tubuh apakah

play09:12

terapinya adalah hipotonik atau

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terapinya menggunakan hipertonik nah ini

play09:18

contoh normal osmosis ya Jadi kalau

play09:20

misalnya di sisi sebelah kiri itu

play09:22

partikelnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan

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dengan artikel yang ada di sebelah kanan

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sehingga konsentrasi di kanan itu lebih

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rendah dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi

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di kiri ketika kondisi ini terjadi maka

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air itu Akan berpindah dari yang

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konsentrasinya rendah ke konsentrasi

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yang tinggi sehingga diharapkan akan

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menjaga dalam kondisi yang equilibrium

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atau kondisi seimbang begitu juga di

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dalam tubuh makhluk cairan a plasmanya

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lebih banyak dan terlalu pekat bisa jadi

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cairan yang ada di

play10:00

sosial akan masuk ke Happy layer ini

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adalah contoh filtrasi contoh filtrasi

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cairan bergerak dari dan keluar kapiler

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antara vaskuler dan kompartemen

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interstisial filtrasi adalah perpindahan

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cairan melalui membran sel atau pembuluh

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darah karena perbedaan tekanan

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hidrostatik diantara kedua Sisi membran

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jika tekanan hidrostatik di kedua tempat

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tidak ada perbedaan tekanan maka tekanan

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dan kondisi tekanan hidrostatik dalam

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kondisi authority ROM tekanan darah

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adalah salah satu contoh tekanan

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hidrostatik jadi Coba lihat di gambar

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itu ada aliran darah ketika aliran darah

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itu mempunyai tekanan hidrostatik jadi

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ketika tekanan hidrostatik yang tinggi

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bisa jadi dia akan keluar ke cairan

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interstisial Nah ini salah satu contoh

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proses filtrasi

play11:00

Hai jadi ketika proses filtrasi itu

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kecepat dilihat gambar yang ke pojok

play11:07

kanan atas di pojok kanan di atas itu

play11:10

jika tekanan tekanan hidrostatik di

play11:15

dalam itu lebih tinggi maka dia akan

play11:17

terjadi proses filtrasi ketika tidak ada

play11:20

perbedaan tekanan antara kapiler dan

play11:23

diluar kapiler maka akan tidak ada

play11:26

perpindahan nah yang di sebelah kanan

play11:29

itu jika eh tekanan yang di luar atau di

play11:33

interstisial itu lebih tinggi maka akan

play11:35

masuk ke darah kapiler dengan proses

play11:37

reabsorpsi itu terjadi jika ada

play11:39

perbedaan tekanan Begitu juga dengan

play11:42

proses filtrasi biasa dimulai dari aorta

play11:47

outta membawa dengan hidrostatik dari

play11:50

jantung kemudian ke Arteri kemudian ke

play11:53

kapiler h2ss filtrasi dan ke atrium

play11:57

kanan ya

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Emang kenapa edema bisa terjadi edema

play12:02

adalah pembengkakan jaringan yang

play12:04

disebabkan karena timbunan cairan

play12:05

terjadi karena perubahan tekanan

play12:07

hidrostatik saya kembali ke slide

play12:10

sebelumnya nah di gambar sebelah kiri

play12:12

jika darah keluar dari jantung melalui

play12:15

aorta kemudian ke Arteri dan ke kapiler

play12:18

maka jika tekanan hidrostatik tinggi

play12:20

normalnya darah itu akan kembali ke

play12:23

ceratium kanan tetapi pada tekanan

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hidrostatik yang tinggi Maka tekanan

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hidrostatik itu akan keluar ke cairan

play12:31

interstisial sehingga akan terjadi

play12:33

tekanan eh apa namanya akan terjadi Udin

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kenapa bisa terjadi Udin mana volume

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darah divisi jantung sebelah kanan lebih

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banyak dan ventrikel kanan tidak bisa

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memompa secara efisien ke Arteri

play12:48

pulmonalis sehingga darah akan kembali

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ke sistem Vena atau vena sistem ketika

play12:53

terjadi kefir sistem tekanan hidrostatik

play12:56

Vena meningkat sehingga terjadi

play12:57

peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik

play13:00

enggak sial sehingga terjadi edema Siapa

play13:03

yang bisa terkena edema yang pasien

play13:05

dengan gagal jantung kanan ibu hamil

play13:07

adanya infeksi atau posisi gravitasi

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kelebihan cairan yang disebabkan karena

play13:12

pemberian cairan intravena nah kemudian

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kita akan mekanisme haus haus itu

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terjadi karena adanya perubahan

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osmolaritas di Excel ekstraseluler Pluit

play13:24

sehingga ketika cairan ekstraseluler

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menu menurun atau selularitas title

play13:30

sehingga menyebabkan otot molaritasnya

play13:32

tinggi ketika osmolaritasnya tinggi itu

play13:34

mengaktifkan sel di otak atau semua

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reseptor di otak sehingga mempunyai

play13:38

keinginan untuk minum kemudian eh maaf

play13:43

ini agak berbeda ceritanya antara Silet

play13:46

sebelumnya ini sebetulnya masih lanjutan

play13:50

dari eh lanjutan dari yang Udin ya Jadi

play13:55

tidak semua cairan akan kembali ke

play13:57

akhiran kapiler Vena beberapa jumlah

play14:00

dan akan tetap berada di internet

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spesial volume darah akan berkurang dan

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area interstitial dengan terjadi Udin

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jadi kepada aliran limfatik itu akan

play14:09

meningkat jika beraktivitas jadi pada

play14:12

kondisi duduk yang lama maka pergerakan

play14:14

aliran limfa akan bergerak sangat lambat

play14:16

terutama pada area kaki bagian bawah

play14:18

sehingga terjadi Udin Ini adalah salah

play14:21

satu contoh UUD yang disebabkan karena

play14:24

gravitasi jadi karena duduk yang lama

play14:26

itu juga menyebabkan tekanan hidrostatik

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lambat sehingga kaki bawah menjadi Udin

play14:35

kita tahu dulu cairan tubuh cairan tubuh

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itu dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal antara

play14:41

usia jenis kelamin dan jumlah lemak jadi

play14:44

disini usia semakin tua usianya itu

play14:48

komposisi cairan tubuh itu akan semakin

play14:51

sedikit kalau pada bayi komposisi cairan

play14:55

tubuh itu lebih banyak dan orang normal

play14:58

sekitar 60% kalau by

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juga lima persen dan lantainya 50%

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sehingga pada bayi dan lansia itu sangat

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beresiko sekali untuk terjadi kehilangan

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cairan pada bayi misalnya diare yang

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diare itu cepat akan cepat menimbulkan

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efek dehidrasi pada anak dan pada lansia

play15:23

juga demikian Karena komposisi cairan

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tubuh yang rancak memang lebih rendah

play15:28

sehingga kebutuhannya lebih resiko

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dehidrasi lebih tinggi kalau pada anak

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komisi cairannya lebih tinggi jadi

play15:33

kehilangan cairan yang banyak itu

play15:35

beresiko meningkatkan dehidrasi nah

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Cukup sekian untuk pengenalan tentang

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cairan dan elektrolit Terimakasih

play15:42

wassalamualaikum warrahmatullahi

play15:43

wabarakatuh di

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