Bakit Kailangan ang LIPUNAN at KULTURA sa Development? | Lev Vygotsky - Sociocultural Perspective

Summary

The video script discusses Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, emphasizing the importance of social interaction and culture in a child's cognitive development. It explores the concept of 'feral children' and how isolation from human society can hinder normal development. The script also delves into the role of play in learning and the 'zone of proximal development,' where children can achieve more with guidance than alone. Vygotsky's theory is presented as complementary to other developmental theories, providing a holistic view of child development.

Takeaways

• 🧠 The importance of social interaction and cultural exposure for proper cognitive development in children is emphasized.
• 🐾 Cases of 'feral children', who grow up without human contact, demonstrate severe impairments in behavior, cognition, and personality.
• 🌱 Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural development theory posits that human development is heavily influenced by social interactions and cultural contexts.
• 🌟 Piaget focuses on the outcomes of development and the biological processes involved, while Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in cognitive development.
• 🔄 There is a distinction between lower mental functions, such as senses and perception, and higher mental functions like abstract thinking, which are more developed in humans.
• 👶 The critical period for language acquisition is crucial; missing this window can lead to permanent cognitive impairments.
• 💬 Language is a facilitator for the development from lower to higher mental functions, aiding in the internalization of cultural concepts.
• 🎲 Play and play-based learning are effective ways for children to learn new concepts and interact socially, reflecting cultural norms and values.
• 👪 The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept where children can learn more when interacting with others, especially those more capable than themselves.
• 🏗️ The concept of 'scaffolding' in education refers to temporary support provided by teachers or more knowledgeable peers to help children reach their full potential.
• 🌐 Vygotsky's theory complements other developmental theories by focusing on the process of change and the transition between developmental stages.

Q & A

What is the term used to describe children who grow up without human contact or cultural exposure?

The term used is 'feral children,' which implies they have grown up in a state of nature, similar to wild animals, due to their lack of exposure to human culture and society.

According to the script, what are the implications of growing up without social interaction and cultural exposure?

Growing up without social interaction and cultural exposure can lead to impaired development of cognition, personality, and behavior, resulting in individuals who struggle to adapt to society and communicate effectively.

What is Lev Vygotsky's theory on human development known as?

Lev Vygotsky's theory on human development is known as the socio-cultural development theory, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and culture in the cognitive development of individuals.

How does social interaction play a role in the development of higher mental functions according to Vygotsky's theory?

Social interaction is essential for the development of higher mental functions because it allows individuals to learn patterns of behavior and thinking from others, internalizing the culture around them and adapting their cognition and personality accordingly.

What is the significance of language in the development of cognitive abilities as discussed in the script?

Language is significant in cognitive development because it facilitates the transition from lower to higher mental functions, aiding in the internalization of concepts and ideas from the culture, and enhancing communication and learning.

What is the term used to describe the period in a child's life when they are most receptive to learning language and cultural norms?

The term used is 'critical period,' which is a time in a child's development when they are particularly sensitive to learning language and cultural norms, after which it becomes more difficult to acquire these skills.

How does play contribute to a child's development according to the script?

Play contributes to a child's development by providing social interaction, opportunities to learn cultural norms, practice critical thinking, and engage in play-based learning, which leverages their natural curiosity and playfulness.

What is the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) as mentioned in the script?

The 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or collaboration with others who are more capable, indicating the potential for learning with assistance.

What is the term used for the temporary support provided by a more knowledgeable person to help a child achieve their full potential?

The term used for this temporary support is 'scaffolding,' which is analogous to the temporary structures used in construction to help build a final product, in this case, helping a child reach their full cognitive potential.

How do the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky complement each other in understanding child development?

Piaget's theory focuses on the stages of development and the biological processes involved, while Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the social and cultural processes. Together, they provide a comprehensive view of child development, highlighting both the internal biological and external social-cultural influences.

Outlines

00:00

🧒 Development of Feral Children and Societal Impact

This paragraph discusses the hypothetical scenario where children are raised without human contact, leading to a lack of societal and cultural exposure. It explores the concept of 'feral children,' drawing parallels to cases like Genie, who was discovered unable to speak and exhibiting animal-like behaviors. The discussion aligns with Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, emphasizing the necessity of social interaction for proper cognitive and personality development. The absence of such interaction results in impaired development, as seen in cases where children were isolated from an early age.

05:01

🗣️ The Role of Language in Cognitive Development

The second paragraph delves into the importance of language in the cognitive development of children. It explains that without exposure to language and culture, children's cognitive abilities are significantly impaired. The critical period for language acquisition is highlighted, noting that if children miss this window, they may never fully develop language skills. The paragraph also touches on how social interaction and communication are essential for internalizing culture and enhancing cognitive abilities. The role of play in learning and the concept of play-based learning are introduced as ways to leverage children's natural curiosity for educational purposes.

10:01

👶 The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

This section introduces Lev Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which posits that children learn best when they are assisted by more capable peers or adults. The ZPD is described as the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance. The paragraph uses an example of children solving problems with adult assistance to illustrate how scaffolding, or temporary support, can help children reach their full potential. The importance of social interaction and cultural context in this learning process is reiterated, emphasizing the complementary nature of Vygotsky's theory with other developmental theories.

15:02

🎓 Supporting Learning Through Membership and Engagement

The final paragraph shifts focus to the practical application of the discussed theories, particularly in the context of the channel's offerings. It mentions the benefits of membership, including access to lectures and resources for psychometrician board exam preparation. The speaker encourages viewers to support the channel, like and share the content, and subscribe for further educational material. The paragraph concludes with a reminder to enjoy the learning process and a humorous note about the speaker's nose, likely a light-hearted moment to engage the audience.

Keywords

💡Socio-cultural development theory

This theory, proposed by Lev Vygotsky, emphasizes the role of social interaction and culture in the cognitive development of individuals. It suggests that a person's development is significantly influenced by their interactions with others and the cultural tools they are exposed to. In the video, the theory is used to explain how children develop cognitive abilities through engagement with their social and cultural environment, such as through play and learning activities.

💡Feral children

The term 'feral children' refers to individuals who have grown up without human contact, often living in isolation from society. The video discusses cases like Genie, who was discovered having been isolated for most of her life, and how such cases illustrate the critical role of social interaction for normal human development. These children often exhibit impaired cognitive and social skills due to their lack of exposure to human culture and society.

💡Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept introduced by Vygotsky, which describes the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or collaboration. The video explains how, within this zone, children can be assisted or 'scaffolded' by more knowledgeable others to achieve tasks they would not be able to do alone, thus advancing their learning and development.

💡Scaffolding

Scaffolding in the context of the video refers to the temporary support provided by a teacher or more capable peer to help a learner achieve a task they are not yet able to do independently. It is a teaching strategy that aligns with the ZPD concept, where the support is gradually reduced as the learner's competence increases. The video uses the analogy of construction scaffolding to illustrate how this support is meant to be temporary and adjusted to the learner's needs.

💡Play-based learning

Play-based learning is an educational approach that uses play as a medium for learning new concepts. The video highlights how children's natural curiosity and playfulness can be harnessed to teach them new skills and knowledge in a fun and engaging way. For instance, the video suggests using games to teach mathematical concepts like addition and subtraction, making learning more enjoyable and effective.

💡Cognitive development

Cognitive development refers to the growth of a child's mental processes, including thinking, learning, memory, and perception. The video discusses how cognitive development is closely tied to social interaction and cultural experiences, as these factors shape the child's understanding of the world and their ability to think abstractly and solve problems.

💡Language acquisition

Language acquisition is the process by which children learn to understand and use language. The video underscores the importance of language in cognitive development, noting that children who are not exposed to language during their formative years may suffer permanent impairments in cognitive abilities. It also mentions the critical period for language learning, suggesting that错过了这个时期, it becomes more difficult to acquire new languages.

💡Social interaction

Social interaction is the process of communicating and engaging with others in a social context. The video emphasizes that social interaction is essential for normal human development, as it allows individuals to learn from others, adapt to cultural norms, and develop higher-order cognitive functions. The lack of social interaction can lead to developmental delays and impairments, as seen in cases of feral children.

💡Cultural tools

Cultural tools, in Vygotsky's theory, refer to the artifacts and practices that a culture uses to organize and transmit knowledge and skills. The video discusses how these tools, such as language, symbols, and social norms, are internalized by individuals through their interactions with others and play a crucial role in shaping their cognitive development.

💡Critical period

The critical period concept in the video refers to a specific age range during which children are most receptive to learning certain skills, particularly language. The video suggests that if children do not receive the necessary linguistic input during this period, they may struggle to acquire language skills later in life, even if they are eventually exposed to a linguistic environment.

Highlights

The importance of social interaction and cultural exposure in a child's development.

The concept of 'feral children' and how lack of social interaction affects their development.

Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural development theory and its emphasis on interaction for cognitive development.

The role of play in a child's social and cognitive development.

How play-based learning can be used to teach new concepts to children.

The significance of language in the transition from lower to higher mental functions.

The impact of missing out on critical periods for language acquisition.

The concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and its application in learning.

The role of 'scaffolding' in assisting a child's learning within their ZPD.

The complementary nature of Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories on cognitive development.

How societal and cultural factors are integral to a child's overall development.

The idea that a child's development is not solely biological but also heavily influenced by the environment.

The necessity of social interaction for the internalization of culture and cognitive growth.

The potential long-term effects of social isolation during a child's formative years.

The significance of play in teaching social norms and critical thinking skills.

How play can serve as a natural medium for children to learn and enjoy the learning process.

The practical application of Vygotsky's theory in enhancing a child's cognitive abilities through social interactions.

The importance of providing a supportive environment for children to reach their full potential.

The role of parents and educators as 'scaffolds' in a child's development.

Transcripts

usually lumalaki yyung mga bata or yyung

mga tao in General kasama iyung mga

magulang nila mga caregiver nila kung

may kapatid sila ' ba Pinsan Tito tito

kamag-anak and then lumalaki din sila

within the community no meron silang mga

eskwelahan merong mga churches and other

institutions na napag-usapan natin doun

sa last nating video about kay bron

venner pero What if ang nangyari is

lalaki sila ng wala lahat ng mga iyon

Kumbaga wala silang nakausap na tao wala

silang na hindi sila na-expose sa

society wala silang kulturang kinis na

no parang lumaki lang sila let's say for

example kasama yung mga ibang hayop

katulad ng mga unggoy ng mga lobo aso or

even t pa no o kaya worse What if lumaki

sila ng walang kasama and nasa isang

lugar lang sila isang parte lang ng

bahay tapos yung tanging in stimulus

lang na meron is yung parang isang table

and isang furniture So anong mangyayari

doon sa development ng isang bata kung

ganon yung mangyayari sa kanyang

formative years So marami n na- document

na ganitong mga Cas cases no na kung

saan parang inabandona sila nung bata

sila Whether it's intentional or non

intentional ang nangyari sa kanila is

lamaki naman sila nag-develop naman sila

nag-survive sila even no Pero yun nga

lang hindi natin masasabi or Mahirap

sabihin na normal yung naging

development nila as a person marami sa

kanila nung na-rescue na sila eh Hindi

sila makapagsalita no and then medyo

asal hayop din sila no ah Depende kung

anong hayop yung ah

naka-inom Anyway mga cases nga na

katulad ng kay Genie na kung saan parang

kinulong lang siya sa isang ah kwarto no

sa isang maliit na kwarto tapos ah hindi

siya kinakausap no binibigyan lang siya

ng pagkain from time to time and even

Hindi nga three times a day tapos ayun

never siyang nakapagsalita even After

nung Rescue sa kanya and yung nasasabi

niya lang is iilang words and konting

sign language so ang tawag sa mga

ganitong cases ay mga feral children no

feral meaning wild Okay so wild sila in

a sense na dahil hindi sila na expos sa

human culture and human society parang

hayop yung kanilang behavior yung

cognition nila or yung personality nila

as a whole is impaired Okay so ang mga

cases na katulad na ganito is aligned

Actually sa theory ni levski na kung

saan sabi niya para daw mag-develop ng

maayos yung isang human being eh

kailangan niyaang makipag-interact sa

ibang tao and in the process is ma-adapt

niya yyung culture or

ma-interview mag-develop ng maayos yung

cognition niya and yung personality niya

as a whole so ang tinawag sa theory na

to ni vigi ay socio cultural development

theory na siyang pag-uusapan natin sa

isa na namang episode ng human

development series so Ako si JP at huwag

na nating patagalin Roll na nating

[Musika]

intro so si levski isang Russian

psychologist na medyo kasabayan niya si

Pia J Yun nga lang mas naunang na maalam

si Vigor now Regarding sa theories Nung

dalawa si Pia J and vgsy medyo magkaiba

yung ideas nila regarding cognition and

how cognition develops si PJ kasi

nag-focus siya doon sa outcomes ng

development no and Iyung role ng

biological processes doun sa development

na iyon So basically sinasabi ni Pia J

na parang yyung development ng isang tao

is intertwine no sa biological process

na nangyayari sa isang bata or sa isang

tao in General So In other words No

habang nag-develop yung biological

processes natin and nag-develop din yung

cognitive processes natin na siyang

magagamit natin in interacting with the

world okay now si botski naman eh Medyo

hindi niya masyadong pinansin si biology

mas Binigyan niya ng pansin yung society

and culture na kinagagalawan ng isang

tao towards achieving or towards the

development nung cognition niya

umpisahan natin sa mga assumption ni

vigi so sabi ni vgsy meron daw tayong

lower mental functioning na connected sa

biological processes na meron tayo no

katulad ngung senses and and perception

no we share that with other animals din

so and then meron din tayong mga higher

mental functions katulad ng reading

writing speaking problem solving and

abstract thinking in General na kung

unang sa unang tingin is parang upgraded

version sila ng lower mental functioning

natin Okay so Kay Pia J sabi niya yyung

lower mental functions natin will

naturally develop into higher mental

function as we grow old ' ba yung mga

stages of development niya So now dun sa

conceptualization na yon Parang may

kulang no Paano

nagde-deliver

daw para mag-transform Iyung lower

mental functions to higher mental

function is that kailangan natin ng

social interaction kailangan natin ng

interpersonal communication with other

people din Okay so pamagitan daw kasi ng

pakikitungo natin sa ibang tao is

matututunan natin yung parang mga

patterns no ng behavior ng isang tao

patterns of thinking or pag-iisip ' ba o

kaya naman yung parang yung mga konsepto

nila Regarding sa mundong kinagagalawan

nila ' ba para makikita natin kung ano

Iyung perception nila no about sa world

and in turn no kukunin natin yyun no

i-internet how to act how to think that

is what we call culture Okay so In other

words We internalize the culture na

na-expose tayo sa kanila through our

interaction with other people Okay so

kapag yung isang bata ay hindi kinausap

no or hindi siya na-expose sa ibang tao

or sa kultura na meron yyung paligid

niya ang tendency is hindi siya matututo

hindi

magde-deliver nagsasalita eh mas

nagiging permanent yung impairment sa

cognition nila even after pa silang

ma-rescue so ang language kasi yun yung

nagpapadali nung proseso nung

development ng lower mental functioning

into higher mental functioning kasi pag

meron na tayong tawag or meron tayong

words No sa mga concepts or sa mga ideas

na present sa kultura natin is madali na

lang natin silang

ma-interview and kapag mas

nagko-communicate tayo sa ibang tao mas

Dumadami yung internalization na

nangyayari kapag mas dumadaming

internalization na nangyayari eh mas

tumataas no yung level nung cognitive

abilities natin So kapag hindi natuto

magsalita ang bata No for a certain

point in time no sa critical period niya

ang tendency is that hindi matututo

yyung bata and dahil hindi matututo

yyung bata parang Iyung brain mismo no

mag-a-adjust position kasi parang hindi

nagagamit so ang tendency pag tumanda

sila dahil wala na yung mga neurons na

yon na prun na sila nahihirapan silang

magac ng language pagtanda nila Okay so

ganun din naman tayo ' ba pag tumanda na

tayo h nahirapan na tayo magle ng bagong

language so sa kanila na na-miss na nila

yung opportunity to learn a language so

pagtanda nila is hindi na nila

natututunan ulit y kahit ma-rescue pa

sila and ma-expose pa sila sa society

and culture so as you can see ' ba

society and culture is really a

requirement for good development ng

isang bata So alam na natin yung effect

pag tinanggal natin yung society and

culture pero dahil alam din natin that

society and culture plays a big role no

sa development ng cognition ng isang tao

e Paano natin mate-take advantage y to

enhance further pa yung development ng

isang bata or ng tao in General so yun

yung pag-usapan natin sa next

[Musika]

chapter so ang isa sa pinakamadali or

access na way para ma-take advantage

natin yung society and culture no sa

development ng isang bata is play or

pakikipaglaro Okay Hindi yung video

games ha yung pakikipaglaro na

traditional yung nasa ilalim ka ng tirik

na araw di ba Tapos ayun with other

people Okay naman kung baby pa lang yan

of course playing with the caregiver

okay ang pakikipaglaro kasi First of all

may social interaction diyan Okay and

then usually yyung content ng mga laro

na meron tayo orung mga pinaglalaruan

natin is a reflection of what is in our

culture okay kung ano yung nasa kultura

natin as a human being and of course as

a citizen of a certain place like a

Filipino for example sa tagu-taguan ' ba

so it's a social game so matututo yung

bata kung paano makitungo sa ibang bata

matututunan niya rin kung paano sumunod

sa mga rules ' ba matututunan niya paano

manalo Paano matalo ano yung feeling

kung nanalo ka or Natalo ka ' ba and

then malalaman niya rin kung ano yung

parang socially accepted na behavior

tsaka yung mga socially hindi accepted

na behavior kunyari yung sumisilip

habang nag bibang no para nagtago yung

mga kalaro nila Okay naman syempre ' ba

may somehow critical thinking din yung

parang Iisipin niya o saan kaya pwedeng

magtago yung mga kalaro ko nito another

thing is that sa tagu-taguan parang

practice din yan eh ' ba sa para sa

adult life nila kasi sa adult life mo

marami kang hahanapin na bagay-bagay

both in a literal sense and in a

metaphorical sense so at least naag Bata

ka pa lang meron ka ng training para

doon so another thing is yung mga

Tinatawag nilang play based learning na

kung saan na tine-take advantage yung

natural curiosity and natural

playfulness ng mga bata in learning new

concepts no Like for example para Mauro

mo ng maayos yung concept of numbers or

concept of adding and subtracting pwede

naman natin silang paglaruin ng the boat

is sinking di ba group yourselves into

four and so on So In That Way an ba

parang may social aspect na iyung game

at the same time natututo sila and then

nag-e-enjoy pa sila on top of that and

as You've noticed naman mas ginagawa

natin yung isang bagay no in this case

mas natututo tayo kapag medyo masaya no

yung pagkakatuto natin that is why I

always do my best no to insert jokes no

kahit minsan pang tatay yung mga jokes

Ko by the way hindi pa ako tatay yung

jokes ko lang yung p tatay Okay so

another application din ng theory ni

vgsy is yung tinatawag niyang zone of

proximal development or zpd in short so

as mention nga kanina yyung mga bata '

ba mas natututo sila Mas marami silang

nalalaman kung nakikipag interact sila

with other people and mas madami silang

malalaman kung yung person na

makaka-inspire

kayang malaman or kayang solusyunan

provided if iga-guide tayo ng mga taong

mas magaling sa atin Okay so Siguro para

mas clear eh magbigay tayo ng examples

na binigay din ni vigi sabi niya imagine

merong dalawang bata na kaya nilang

mag-solve ng mga problems na kayang

i-solve ng mga 8 year old people tapos

binigyan sila each ng assistance ng

isang adult no kung paano mag-solve pa

ng maraming Problem no so I means same

instruction same na Ah same na adult and

then eventually n ah nagsagot na sila

ulit yung isa nakapag sagot siya ng mga

problems na typically nas

so-so

sololos no through the help nga nung

instructions nung adults so Iyung

distance na iyon no Iyung 8 to9 tsaka

Iyung 8 to 12 that is the zone of

proximal development So yun yyung

potential na kaya pang malaman ng isang

bata basta bibigyan mo siya ng

assistance ngayon ang tawag naman dun sa

assistance na binibigay nung teacher or

ng more knowledgeable other or mko is

scaffolding Okay so based yung word na

yan sa actual na Literal na scaffolding

na kung saan ito yung ginagawa ng mga

construction workers as a temporary

structure para mabuo nila yyung actual

na building na gusto nilang buuin So

parang ganun din yung ginagawa ng mga mk

' ba parang temporary help ' ba para

ma-achieve yyung full potensyal nung

isang bata okay or ng isang tao in

General so Parang sinasabi ni vigi na

kung gusto mo daw tumalino ung anak mo

no Huwag mo siyang isusubsob sa

pag-aaral pag bata pa lang siya ang

gawin mo is Hayaan mo siyaang

makipaglaro sa ibang tao no and

preferably makipaglaro siya sa mga bata

na mas ahead sa kanya no hindi naman

masyadong malayo kasi baka mabully siya

yung parang masa head sa kanya or ikaw

mismo as a parent no mag-serve ka as his

or her scaffolding ' ba para ma-reach

niya yung full potential niya as a human

person so yan ang isang application sa

theory ni lev goi also known as socio

cultural development theory

[Musika]

Okay so sa unang tingin parang

Magkakaiba yyung theory ni bron Fr

brenner ni Pia j t saka ni botski so si

Pia J kasi nag-focus siya doon sa

outcomes ng development no kung ano yung

mga stages na nag-undergo yung isang tao

and then si bron frend brenner naman is

nag-focus siya or parang win din niya

yung Focus niya dun sa bigger picture ng

development ng isang tao so si vigi

naman ang ang finocus niya is yung

proseso nung pagbabago or ng

[Musika]

pagde-deliver tsaka yyung theory ni PJ

kasi isang kulang sa theory ni PJ is

yyung process no nung transition from

stage 1 to stage 2 Ano bang nangyayari

between sensory motor stage at saka

preoperational stage ano Iyung process

na yon and ang sabi ni vigi Yung process

na yon is yung social interaction or

yung cultural internal

nung bata di ba from sensory nagiging

siyang preoperational nagkakaroon na

siya ng mind nagkakaroon na siya ng

thoughts and yung mga social

interactions na iyon is galing yun sa

kultura na meron yung sangkatauhan in

General na siya namang kukunin natin sa

theory ni bron brer so as you can see

they Actually complement each other so

Kaya nga parang si botski is siya sa

pangalang mga pillars or parang mga

foundational theory sa development ng

isang tao regularly sa child development

Okay so Ayan pag-usapan natin yung

social cultural development theory ni

lev botski and Sana may natutunan kayo

and nag-enjoy kayo kahit papaano so of

course Huwag niyong kalimutang i-like at

i-share niyo na rin to sa mga friends

niyo na naging scaffolding ninyo sa

buhay and Hwag niyong ring kalimutang

mag-subscribe Okay so Maraming maraming

salamat din sa mga members ng channel na

patuloy na sumusuporta sa ginagawa natin

dito directly Okay so if you also want

to support the channel directly eh pwede

niyong i-click yung join no sa tabi ng

subscribe button now kung apple user ka

ah Wala yung join button na yan so click

niyo na lang yung link sa description

okay Meron tayong mga binibigay na mga

Perks sa mga members natin and kung

nagpe-prepare kayo for your

psychometrician board exam I think

magiging malaking tulong ng third and

fourth ti ng membership natin kasi doon

Meron tayong mga lectures na kung saan

nagde-decide

sa channel and of course sa mga board

subjects ng psychometrician board exam

Okay so Ayun Sana makatulong sila sa

inyo Okay so with that Maraming maraming

salamat sa panonood or pakikinig kung

ano man yung ginawa niyo and as always

enjoy learning

ba-bye kaya nanganga yung ilong ko after

ng after ko magsalita ng matagal ba