Memahami Cacar Monyet, Asal Usul hingga Cara Penularan [Metro Pagi Primetime]
Summary
TLDRIn early August 2024, the WHO declared a global health emergency following a surge of cases related to a new strain of monkeypox (Empox) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which spread internationally. Monkeypox, first identified in 1958, has symptoms including fever, muscle pain, and skin lesions. Although similar to COVID-19, monkeypox spreads through close, prolonged contact rather than airborne transmission. While vaccines are available, they are limited to specific groups due to high costs. Public health measures emphasize maintaining immunity and avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals.
Takeaways
- đŠ Empox (formerly known as monkeypox) is not a new virus; it was first identified in monkeys in Denmark in 1958.
- đ The first human case of Empox was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970, with outbreaks mainly in West and Central Africa.
- đš WHO has declared Empox a global health emergency twice: in 2022 and again in 2024, as it has now spread to over 70 countries.
- đ€ Common symptoms of Empox include headache, fever, muscle aches, skin rashes or lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
- â ïž Empox is often confused with COVID-19 due to some similar symptoms, but it is less contagious as it requires prolonged close contact.
- đŁïž Empox spreads through respiratory droplets during close interaction, kissing, skin-to-skin contact, or contact with contaminated objects or animals.
- đ A vaccine for Empox is available but only for high-risk groups and healthcare workers due to its high cost and limited supply.
- đ° The Empox vaccine costs around IDR 3.5 million per dose and is a modified version of the smallpox vaccine, which provides immunity against the virus.
- đ¶ Empox can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy.
- đ Unlike COVID-19, there are no strict quarantine or border closure measures recommended for Empox, though avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals is advised.
Q & A
What is Empox and how is it related to monkeypox?
-Empox, previously known as monkeypox, is a virus that has existed since 1958, when it was first detected in monkeys in Denmark. The first human case was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970.
Why did WHO declare a Global Health Emergency in August 2024?
-WHO declared a Global Health Emergency in August 2024 following a surge in Empox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which later spread internationally.
What are the common symptoms of Empox?
-The common symptoms of Empox include headache, fever and chills, muscle pain, rash and skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
How does Empox transmission differ from COVID-19?
-Unlike COVID-19, which is airborne and spreads quickly through droplets from breathing, talking, or sneezing, Empox spreads through prolonged close contact with an infected person. This includes contact via respiratory droplets, physical contact, or touching infected skin or mucous membranes.
What are the primary ways Empox is transmitted?
-Empox is transmitted through respiratory droplets, kissing or oral sex, skin contact, touching lesions or mucous membranes, contact with infected animals, and from a pregnant mother to her fetus.
Is there a vaccine available for Empox?
-Yes, a modified smallpox vaccine is available for Empox. However, it is only administered to specific high-risk groups, including healthcare workers, due to its limited availability and high cost, reaching up to Rp3.5 million per dose.
How effective is the smallpox vaccine against Empox?
-The modified smallpox vaccine is considered effective because Empox is caused by a virus in the same family as the variola virus, which causes smallpox.
Will people infected with Empox be quarantined or face border closures?
-It is unlikely that people infected with Empox will face quarantine, border closures, or mandatory vaccination. Health authorities do not recommend these measures despite the disease spreading to multiple countries.
What precautions should the public take against Empox?
-The public should focus on maintaining personal health and immunity, and avoid prolonged physical contact with individuals infected with Empox.
Why are vaccines for Empox not being administered to the general public?
-Due to the limited availability and high cost of the vaccine, it is currently prioritized for specific groups, such as healthcare workers, rather than the general public.
Outlines
đ Monkeypox: Global Health Emergency
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox a global health emergency in early August 2024 following a significant rise in cases, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease, previously known as monkeypox, has been around since 1958 when it was first detected in monkeys in Denmark. The first human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The WHO has declared monkeypox a global health emergency twice, first in 2022 and again in 2024. The disease has spread to over 70 countries. The script highlights six common symptoms of monkeypox, which include headache, fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions, and fatigue. It emphasizes that while the symptoms are similar to other diseases, they should not be ignored and medical checks should be sought if experienced. The script also clarifies that monkeypox does not spread as quickly as COVID-19, which is airborne and can infect people through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, speaking, singing, or even breathing in the vicinity of an infected person. In contrast, monkeypox spreads through very close contact or prolonged interaction with an infected person.
đ Monkeypox Vaccination and Prevention
The script discusses the availability of vaccines for monkeypox, noting that while vaccines exist, they are not intended for the general public but are targeted at specific groups and healthcare workers due to limited supply and high cost, reaching up to 3.5 million Indonesian Rupiah per dose. The global vaccine used against monkeypox is a modified smallpox vaccine, as the monkeypox virus is related to the variola virus, which causes smallpox. This modified vaccine is believed to trigger immunity against the monkeypox virus. The script also addresses the question of whether individuals infected with monkeypox need to be quarantined like those with COVID-19. It states that, contrary to COVID-19 measures, there is no recommendation for border closures or mandatory vaccination for monkeypox patients. The focus should be on maintaining personal health and immunity and avoiding close physical contact with infected individuals. The script concludes by handing over to a colleague, Iqbal Himawan, for further discussion on new ways to obtain information and encourages viewers to download the Metro TV extend app.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄEmpox
đĄGlobal Health Emergency
đĄSymptoms
đĄTransmission
đĄComparison to COVID-19
đĄVaccine
đĄDemocratic Republic of Congo
đĄClose contact
đĄSmallpox virus
đĄQuarantine measures
Highlights
WHO declared a Global Health Emergency in early August 2024 due to a surge in cases related to a new strain of the Empox virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which then spread abroad.
Empox, previously known as monkeypox, is not a new virus. It was first detected in monkeys in Denmark in 1958, with the first human case reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970.
Monkeypox outbreaks have occurred in West and Central Africa, and WHO declared a Global Health Emergency for Empox twiceâfirst in 2022 and again in 2024.
Empox has now spread to over 70 countries globally.
Six common symptoms of Empox (monkeypox) include headache, fever and chills, muscle pain, skin rashes and lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
While Empox symptoms can be similar to other illnesses, it is crucial to monitor for these six signs and seek medical attention if they appear.
Despite symptom similarities, Empox is not as highly contagious as COVID-19, which spreads much more rapidly through airborne transmission.
COVID-19 can spread via small respiratory droplets from talking, coughing, sneezing, or breathing, while Empox requires prolonged close contact with an infected person.
Empox transmission can occur through respiratory secretions, kissing, oral sex, skin contact, contact with wounds, or through infected animals.
Empox can also be transmitted from an infected pregnant mother to her unborn child.
A vaccine for Empox is available, but it is not for general public use; it is reserved for high-risk groups and healthcare workers due to its limited supply and high cost (approximately 3.5 million IDR per dose).
The Empox vaccine is a modified version of the smallpox vaccine, as monkeypox belongs to the same family of viruses.
There is no current recommendation for quarantine, border closures, or mandatory vaccination for monkeypox cases, unlike the response to COVID-19.
The focus for the public is on maintaining good health, strengthening immunity, and avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals.
Public health authorities emphasize that while monkeypox is spreading, drastic measures like border closures or mandatory vaccinations are not necessary at this time.
Transcripts
pemirsa pada awal Agustus 2024 Who
mengumumkan darurat Kesehatan Global
setelah lonjakan kasus terkait jenis
Empok baru di Republik demokratik konggo
yang Kemudian menyebar ke luar negeri
untuk itu cacar monyet harus diwaspadai
lantas Apa saja hal yang perlu diketahui
tentang cacar monyet berikut kami akan
paparkan fakta-fakta selengkapnya pada
slide
berikut yang pertama
empox bukanlah virus baru
empx yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai
cacar monyet telah ada sejak tahun
1958 ketika virus Ini pertama kali
terdeteksi pada monyet di Denmark kasus
pada manusia pertama kali dilaporkan di
Republik demokratik Kongo pada tahun
1970 dan sejak itulah merebak terjadi
wabah di Afrika barat dan juga Afrika
Tengah sebelumnya disebutkan di Who
bahwa Who ini sudah menetapkan status
keadaan darurat Kesehatan Global Empok
sebanyak dua kali pertama kali pada 2022
dan kembali ditetapkan sebagai darurat
Kesehatan Global pada tahun 2024 dan
hingga saat ini penyakit telah menyebar
ke lebih dari 70 negara kita akan
melihat bagaimana gejala umum dari empx
pada slide berikutnya setidaknya ada
enam gejala umum dari empx atau cacar
monyet yang pertama adalah sakit kepala
kemudian demam dan meriang nyeri otot
ruam dan Lesi kulit kelenjar getah
bening bengkak dan kelelahan kalau
misalnya kita melihat dari keenam gejala
ini cukup mirip dengan penyakit lainnya
namun justru hal ini harus menambah
kecurigaan masyarakat agar tidak lengah
dan langsung melakukan pengecekan
apabila keenam gejala di atas ini
seluruhnya sudah terasa nah yang menjadi
pertanyaan lainnya adalah orang ini
kerap kali menyamakan antara empox
dengan
covid-19 tapi faktanya empx ini tidak
menular seperti
covid-19 covid-19 ini lebih cepat
menular melalui udara adanya kesamaan
gejala ini membuat penderita cacar
monyet dicuregai terkena covid-19 meski
gejala memang tidak jauh berbeda yang
saya Sebutkan sebelumnya covid-19 ini
jauh lebih cepat menular karena melalui
udara bahkan fakta menurut WHO penularan
dari covid-19 lebih cepat karena seorang
dapat tertular Penyakit ini hanya dengan
menghirup tetesan kecil cairan dari
orang yang terinfeksi baik itu dari
batuk bersin berbicara bernyanyi atau
hanya bernafas di hadapan mereka
sementara
Empok ditularkan melalui kontak yang
sangat dekat atau berkepanjangan dengan
orang yang terinfeksi jadi perbedaan
utama antara keduanya adalah durasi
interaksi dengan dengan penderita ini
akan sangat mempengaruhi seorang
tertular cacar monyet atau tidak kita
lanjut ke slide berikutnya mengenai
potensi cara penularan monkey pox atau
cacar monyet tadi kita melihat bahwa
cara penularan Ini Membutuhkan hubungan
yang Intens panjang dan juga sangat
dekat nah Lantas apa saja sih potensi
atau cara penularan dari empx yang
pertama adalah melalui saluran
pernafasan misalnya saat berbicara saat
bernafas batuk atau bersin yang kedua
adalah melalui ciuman atau seks oral
yang ketiga potensi cara penularan dari
cacar monyat adalah melalui kulit yang
terluka atau saat melakukan hubungan
seksual yang keempat adalah melalui
sentuhan luka atau selaput lendir yang
kelima adalah kontak langsung dengan
hewan yang terinfeksi dan yang terakhir
adalah kehamilan dari ibu ke janin kita
beralih ke slide
berikutnya pemirsa masyarakat tidak
perlu khawatir karena sebenarnya vaksin
untuk empoks cacar monyet yang sudah
tersedia saat ini meski demikian
ditegaskan oleh menteri kesehatan Budi
gudari Sadikin vaksin empo bukan untuk
masyarakat umum vaksin ini hanya
diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat kategori
tertentu hingga tenaga medis medis
karena ketersediaan vaksin yang masih
sangat terbatas dan juga mahal harganya
ini mencapai Rp3,5 juta per dosisnya
Adapun vaksin empo yang digunakan secara
global merupakan vaksin cacar yang telah
dimodifikasi hal ini mengingat virus
monkey pox yang masih satu keluarga
dengan virus variola penyebab cacar
untuk itu vaksin cacar yang dimodifikasi
ini dianggap mampu memicu pembentukan
kekebalan terhadap virus monkey pox kita
beralih ke slide yang
terakhir menjadi pertanyaan juga Apakah
seorang yang terkena monkey pox ini
harus dikarantina ada pembatasan seperti
yang diberlakukan pada penderita
covid-19 faktanya adalah Kemungkinan
tidak akan ada karantina penutupan
perbatasan atau wajib vaksin bagi orang
yang terkena monkey pox Mengapa karena
disebutkan meski Penyakit ini telah
menyebar ke 16 negara di Afrika selama 2
tahun terakhir pusat pencegahan penyakit
di Afrika tidak merekomendasikan
penutupan perbatasan manapun vaksin juga
tidak diwajibkan karena seperti yang
disebutkan sebelumnya kini pemberian
vaksin masih difokuskan bagi masyarakat
tertentu saja oleh karena itu masyarakat
tidak perlu khawatir fokusnya adalah
Bagaimana menjaga kesehatan tubuh dan
juga imun kita dan juga menghindari
kontak fisik berkepanjangan dengan
penderita cacar monyek itu tadi sejumlah
fakta-fakta yang perlu diperhatikan
terkait dengan cacar monyet atau monkey
pox dan terkait pembahasan lanjutan saya
akan serahkan kepada rekan Iqbal Himawan
di studio jelajahi cara baru mendapatkan
informasi download Metro TV extend
sekarang for
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