Types of Solutions
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explains the movement of materials across cell membranes due to concentration differences. It introduces three types of solutions: isotonic, where solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal, leading to stable cell size; hypertonic, where higher solute concentration outside causes water to leave the cell, resulting in cell shrinkage; and hypotonic, where lower solute concentration outside leads to water influx and cell swelling or bursting. The video also differentiates the effects on animal and plant cells, emphasizing the ideal conditions for each.
Takeaways
- đ Materials move across membranes due to concentration differences, which drive the diffusion of solutes and osmosis of water.
- đč A solution is created when a solute dissolves in a solvent, with water being the most common solvent.
- đ Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell, maintaining cell size as water moves in and out equally.
- đ§ Hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to leave the cell and potentially leading to cell shrinkage.
- đ Hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration outside the cell, drawing water into the cell and possibly causing it to swell or burst.
- đż In hypotonic conditions, plant cells absorb water and become turgid, which is beneficial for growth and reaching sunlight.
- đ Animal cells in isotonic solutions experience normal water movement, maintaining cell integrity.
- đ” Plant cells in isotonic solutions may become flaccid, which is not ideal as it can lead to wilting.
- đĄ Plant cells in hypertonic solutions undergo plasmolysis, where they lose water and shrivel.
- đŹ The video script illustrates the process of lysing in animal cells, where cells burst due to the influx of water in a hypotonic solution.
Q & A
What causes materials to move across membranes in cells?
-Materials move across membranes because of concentration differences, driven by concentration gradients.
What is diffusion and osmosis?
-Diffusion is the movement of solute across a membrane, while osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane.
What is a solution and how is it formed?
-A solution is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent. For example, in Kool-Aid, the powder is the solute and the water is the solvent.
What does isotonic mean in terms of cell environments?
-An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell, meaning water enters and exits the cell at the same rate, keeping the cell size constant.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
-In a hypertonic solution, there is a higher concentration of solute outside the cell. Water exits the cell to dilute the external solution, causing the cell to shrivel.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
-In a hypotonic solution, there is more solute inside the cell than outside, so water rushes into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst.
How do animal cells behave in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions?
-In an isotonic solution, animal cells maintain normal water movement. In a hypertonic solution, they shrink, and in a hypotonic solution, they swell and may burst (lyse).
What is the difference between the response of plant cells and animal cells in a hypotonic solution?
-In a hypotonic solution, plant cells become turgid and do not burst due to their cell walls. In contrast, animal cells can burst when too much water enters.
What is plasmolysis in plant cells?
-Plasmolysis occurs when plant cells are in a hypertonic solution, causing water to leave the cell, and the cell membrane shrivels away from the cell wall.
Why do plant cells wilt when placed in an isotonic solution?
-In an isotonic solution, plant cells lose their turgor pressure and become flaccid, leading to wilting because they cannot retain as much water as they need.
Outlines
đĄïž Types of Solutions and Their Effects on Cells
This paragraph introduces the concept of solutions and their impact on cells due to concentration differences. It defines a solution as a solute dissolved in a solvent, with water being the most common solvent. The paragraph discusses three types of solutions: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. An isotonic solution has equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell, leading to no net movement of water and thus maintaining cell size. A hypertonic solution, having a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causes water to leave the cell, leading to cell shrinkage. Conversely, a hypotonic solution, with less solute outside the cell, results in water rushing into the cell, causing it to swell or potentially burst. The paragraph also differentiates the effects on animal and plant cells, noting that while animal cells can burst in hypotonic solutions, plant cells' cell walls prevent bursting due to increased turgor pressure.
đ Osmosis and Cell Response to Hypotonic Solutions
This paragraph delves into the process of osmosis and its effects on cells, particularly in hypotonic solutions. It describes the phenomenon of lysing, where cells explode due to excessive water intake. The paragraph includes a visual aid of a blood cell undergoing lysis, illustrating the cellular explosion under a microscope. It also corrects a typographical error, noting that 'distilled water' was misspelled. The focus is on the dramatic changes cells undergo when placed in solutions with varying solute concentrations, emphasizing the importance of understanding osmotic pressure and its biological implications.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄConcentration Gradient
đĄDiffusion
đĄOsmosis
đĄIsotonic Solution
đĄHypertonic Solution
đĄHypotonic Solution
đĄSolute
đĄSolvent
đĄLysis
đĄTurgidity
đĄPlasmolysis
Highlights
Materials move across membranes due to concentration differences.
Concentration gradient drives the movement of water or solute across a membrane.
Movement of solute is called diffusion, and movement of water is called osmosis.
A solution is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Water is the most common solvent in solutions.
Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
In isotonic conditions, red blood cells maintain a constant size as water moves equally in and out.
Hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration outside the cell.
Cells placed in hypertonic solutions lose water, leading to cell shrinkage.
Hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration outside the cell.
Cells in hypotonic solutions take in water, which can cause them to swell or burst.
Animal cells in hypotonic solutions can lyse, or explode due to water intake.
Animal cells in isotonic solutions have normal water movement and maintain their shape.
Plant cells in hypotonic solutions become turgid due to increased water intake.
Plant cells in isotonic solutions are flaccid, which is not ideal for plant health.
Plant cells in hypertonic solutions undergo plasmolysis, where they lose water and shrivel.
Visual representation of blood cells lysing in hypotonic solution is provided.
Transcripts
hey it's Mr veev and this lesson is on
types of solutions so let's get into our
first key concept here materials move
across membranes because of
concentration differences so we've
already learned about a concentration
gradient and how that drives whether
water or solute moves back and forth
across a membrane remember movement of
solute is called diffusion and movement
of water is called osmosis so let's look
at three different types of solutions
and first we're going to discover what a
solution is so a solution is a solute
that dissolves in a solvent to form a
solution so in the picture here you can
see that the Kool-Aid looking stuff
there is the solution and in this case
if it was Kool-Aid the solute would be
the Kool-Aid powder and the solvent
would be water water in most cases is
the solvent in almost all solutions that
we're going to look at today so the
three types of solutions we're going to
start with are isotonic okay so ISO
means same tonic means strength this is
same strength solution is said to be
isotonic if the uh concentration of
solute outside the cell and inside the
cell is equal so you can see there in
the picture that we have an equal number
of those green particles the solute
inside and outside the cell so both
inside and outside is the same strength
so let's look at what that see we see a
red blood cell here and isotonic would
mean equal amounts of water are entering
and exiting the cell so the size of that
cell is going to stay constant over a
certain period of time so water moving
in water moving out no problems there so
let's talk about a hypertonic hyper is
more tonic is strength so this is a a
more concentrated solution here so a
solution is hypertonic if it has more
solute per solvent uh than a cell so as
you can see on the outside of the cell
here there's a lot of these green
particles and fewer of them on the
inside of the cell so think of those
maybe as salt or something like that the
uh the saltiness on the outside is a lot
more than the inside of the cell so what
does that H what does that do to the
cell so if the solution on the outside
of the cell is hypertonic it's high high
concentration more water is going to
want to exit the cell and that causes
the cell to shrivel up the water is
exiting that cell and trying to dilute
that hypertonic solution on the outside
to make both the inside and the outside
of the cell equal all right so that's
what's going to happen in a hypertonic
solution when you put a cell in there so
now the last one is hypotonic that is
less strength so a solution is hypotonic
if it has fewer solute um than a cell so
you see there in the picture we've got a
tiny amount of solute on the outside
with a lot more on the inside so what do
you think is going to happen here well
if you have a cell put in a hypotonic
solution there is more solute in the
cell than there is outside so therefore
water is going to want to rush into the
cell to make those Sol Solutions equal
that's going to actually cause the cell
to swell or even burst in some cases and
we'll look at that in just a minute so
if we look at three different uh types
of solutions here hypo hyper and
isotonic and their effects on animal and
plant cells let's go uh from left to
right here starting with the top so if
you have a cell and you place it in a
hypotonic solution water is going to
rush into the cell and cause it to lice
which means explode okay if you have an
isotonic solution and you put an animal
cell in there it's going to be a normal
in andout of water so everything's fine
water's going to freely go in and out
nothing's going to happen to the cell
that's normal if you put an animal cell
in a hypertonic solution meaning there's
a lot of solute on the outside water is
going to end up leaving the cell to
dilute that uh Solution on the outside
so therefore the cell is going to shrink
up or become shrivel now the normal
conditions for an animal cell is it
wants to be in an isotonic solution
um plant cells are a little bit
different so plant cells um when they
are in a hypotonic solution they get
filled up with water and they don't
actually burst the cell wall actually
holds it uh pretty well there's an
increase in what's called turer pressure
so the the cell is what's called turgid
and that's normal for the cell uh the
more turer pressure meaning the the more
the the cell is full of water and the
more expanded the cell walls are the
better it can uh reach for sunlight or
or things like that um if you put a
plant cell in an isotonic solution
you're going to have water moving in and
out freely you're not going to hold on
to as much water as the plant wants to
and so we would call that a flaccid cell
so that is not ideal for the plant
that's what plants look like when they
begin to wilt just a little bit uh
finally for plant cells if you put them
in a hypertonic solution well of course
that water is going to rush out and it's
not going to what we call shrivel it's
going to uh plasm uh same same basic
principle as shriveling it's going to
have far less water on the inside and
it's basically going to shrivel but
that's called plasmolysis in plant
cells so finally here I have a little uh
picture here for you of a blood cell
going through Lis so those blood cells
they are actually put into a hyp
hypotonic solution waterers rushing into
the cells causing them to explode that's
actually what it looks like under a
microscope and ignore the fact that
distilled water is misspelled on the
bottom left
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