Kisah Bayi Rekayasa Gen Tahan HIV | Apa itu CRISPR? | Teknologi Gene Editing

Summary

The video discusses the controversial CRISPR gene-editing technology, highlighted by the case of Chinese scientist He Jiankui, who claimed to have created the first gene-edited babies resistant to HIV. The video explores the global scientific community's ethical concerns and the potential of CRISPR in revolutionizing medicine and agriculture. It also touches on the debate over the technology's regulation and the future of genetic manipulation, emphasizing the need for responsible use and the challenges it poses to society.

Takeaways

• 🧬 The CRISPR technology is a hot topic in the global biotechnology community due to its potential to edit DNA directly and accurately.
• 👨‍⚕️ Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui announced in 2018 the birth of twin babies whose genes were edited using CRISPR to be resistant to HIV.
• 🚫 Dr. He's work was met with widespread criticism from the scientific community for crossing ethical boundaries and was halted by the Chinese government.
• 🏥 Dr. He was sentenced to three years in prison in 2019 for his controversial gene-editing experiments.
• 🔍 The long-term health and potential side effects of the edited twin babies remain unknown, raising concerns about the safety of CRISPR technology on humans.
• 🌿 CRISPR has been widely used in agricultural research to create drought-resistant crops and longer-lasting fruits.
• 🐾 The technology has also been applied in animal research, aiming to develop livestock resistant to diseases.
• 💉 Clinical trials using CRISPR began in 2016 in China to treat lung cancer by modifying T-cells to target cancer cells.
• 🧪 Other research explores CRISPR's potential in treating genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, blindness, and beta-thalassemia.
• ⚖️ The use of CRISPR in germline editing is a contentious issue, with high risks of misuse and ethical concerns, yet it represents a significant breakthrough in medical science.
• 🌐 The World Health Organization has published guidelines to evaluate the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes, indicating the need for global regulation.

Q & A

What is CRISPR technology?

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to edit DNA sequences directly. It has the capability to target and cut DNA at precise locations, enabling specific edits to be made.

Why did the CRISPR technology become a hot topic in the biotech community?

CRISPR technology became a hot topic because it offers a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-effective way to edit genes, which has broad applications in research, medicine, and agriculture.

What was the controversial event involving CRISPR technology mentioned in the script?

The controversial event was the announcement by Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui that he had successfully created the first gene-edited babies, twin girls, to be resistant to HIV. This was met with widespread criticism due to ethical concerns and potential health risks.

What was the outcome of Dr. He Jiankui's experiment with gene-edited babies?

Dr. He Jiankui faced severe backlash from the scientific community, his research was halted by the Chinese government, and he was sentenced to three years in prison for his unauthorized experiments.

What is the CCR5 gene mentioned in the script, and why was it targeted for editing?

The CCR5 gene codes for a protein on the surface of white blood cells that HIV viruses typically recognize and use to enter the cells. By editing the CCR5 gene, the aim was to make the cells unrecognizable to HIV, thereby providing resistance to the virus.

What are some of the potential applications of CRISPR technology mentioned in the script?

CRISPR technology has potential applications in creating drought-resistant crops, extending the freshness of fruits, making livestock resistant to diseases, and treating various medical conditions such as sickle cell anemia, certain eye diseases, and beta-thalassemia.

What are the ethical concerns raised by the use of CRISPR technology on human embryos?

The ethical concerns include the potential for unintended consequences, the possibility of creating 'designer babies,' and the long-term genetic impact on the human gene pool. There are also concerns about the technology being misused for selfish purposes.

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) approach the regulation of CRISPR technology?

The WHO has initiated efforts to provide guidelines for evaluating the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes. It emphasizes the need for clear regulations on the use of this technology, considering the ethical, social, and safety implications.

What are the potential risks associated with the misuse of CRISPR technology?

Misuse of CRISPR technology could lead to unforeseen genetic mutations, exacerbate social inequalities, and potentially create new biological threats if used irresponsibly.

What is the current status of CRISPR technology usage in the world?

The use of CRISPR technology remains a subject of debate. While it holds immense potential for medical and agricultural advancements, its application in humans, especially in germline editing, is highly regulated due to ethical and safety considerations.

What is the challenge that humanity faces with the advancement of CRISPR technology?

The challenge is to balance the potential benefits of CRISPR technology with the ethical and safety concerns. It requires responsible decision-making and the establishment of clear international guidelines to govern its use.

Outlines

00:00

🧬 CRISPR Technology and Ethical Debates

The video discusses the CRISPR gene-editing technology, focusing on a controversial case where Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui claimed to have edited the genes of twin babies to make them resistant to HIV. This act sparked global controversy within the scientific community due to ethical concerns and potential health risks. Dr. He's work was criticized for crossing boundaries set by the scientific community regarding human DNA editing, leading to his research being halted by the Chinese government and his subsequent imprisonment. The video also explains the basics of CRISPR technology, its potential applications in agriculture and medicine, and the ongoing debate over its ethical use in humans.

05:00

🌐 The Future of Gene Editing

This paragraph delves into the broader implications of CRISPR technology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our control over the genetic future of species. It raises the question of how we should handle this powerful tool, highlighting the need for careful consideration and regulation. The video concludes by inviting viewers to share their thoughts on the usefulness and potential dangers of CRISPR technology, encouraging discussion and engagement with the topic.

Keywords

💡CRISPR

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a technology that allows for the precise editing of DNA sequences. It is a tool used by scientists to add, remove, or alter genetic material in organisms. In the video, CRISPR is discussed as a groundbreaking technology that has sparked debate and ethical considerations due to its potential to edit human embryos, as illustrated by the case of the Chinese scientist He Jiankui who used CRISPR to edit the genes of twin babies to make them resistant to HIV.

💡Gene Editing

Gene editing refers to the process of making changes to an organism's DNA. It is a technique that can be used to correct genetic disorders, introduce desirable traits, or alter an organism's characteristics. The video discusses gene editing in the context of CRISPR technology, highlighting its potential to prevent the transmission of diseases like HIV from parents to offspring, as was attempted by Dr. He Jiankui.

💡HIV

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). In the script, HIV is mentioned as the virus that the father of the twin babies was infected with, and the reason why Dr. He Jiankui edited their genes using CRISPR, aiming to make them resistant to the virus.

💡Embryo

An embryo is the earliest stage of development of a multicellular organism. In the context of the video, the term is used to describe the twin babies who were at the embryonic stage when their genes were edited by Dr. He Jiankui. This action raised ethical concerns about the modification of human embryos and the potential implications for future generations.

💡Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations refer to the moral principles and values that guide actions and decisions. The video discusses the ethical concerns surrounding the use of CRISPR technology, particularly when it comes to editing human embryos, as it raises questions about the limits of scientific intervention and the potential for misuse.

💡DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. In the video, DNA is central to the discussion of CRISPR technology, as it is the material that is being edited to achieve desired outcomes, such as resistance to diseases.

💡Bioethics

Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from new developments in biology and medicine. The video touches on bioethics in the context of CRISPR technology, emphasizing the need for guidelines and regulations to govern the use of gene-editing tools, especially when it involves human embryos.

💡Scientific Community

The scientific community refers to the collective body of scientists and researchers engaged in the pursuit of knowledge in various fields. In the video, the reaction of the scientific community to Dr. He Jiankui's gene-editing experiment is highlighted, showing a widespread disapproval and concern over the breach of ethical boundaries.

💡Regulation

Regulation in the context of the video refers to the rules and guidelines that govern the use of certain technologies, such as CRISPR. The script mentions the need for clear regulations to control the application of gene-editing technologies, especially concerning human embryos, to prevent misuse and ensure ethical practices.

💡Genetic Resistance

Genetic resistance refers to the ability of an organism to withstand or resist the effects of a disease or condition due to its genetic makeup. The video discusses how CRISPR technology was used to create genetic resistance to HIV in the twin babies, aiming to prevent them from contracting the virus.

💡Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in a carefully controlled scientific study to discover or verify, and to replicate and extend the range of understanding of human or animal behavior, to discover or to test and evaluate the characteristics and potential health effects of foods and drugs, and to determine the ongoing safety and efficacy of treatments, such as medications, devices, diagnostic products, and innovative therapies. The video mentions clinical trials involving CRISPR technology to treat diseases like cancer and genetic disorders.

Highlights

CRISPR technology is a hot topic in the global biotechnology community.

Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui claimed to have successfully created the first gene-edited babies.

The babies were edited to be resistant to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

The scientific community widely criticized Dr. He's work for crossing ethical boundaries.

Dr. He's research was halted by the Chinese government, and he was sentenced to prison in 2019.

The well-being and potential side effects of the gene-edited babies remain unknown.

CRISPR technology allows scientists to directly edit DNA.

DNA dictates all characteristics of living organisms, from the smallest microbe to the largest mammal.

CRISPR has been used to edit the CCR5 gene, which HIV uses to enter white blood cells.

The potential applications of CRISPR are vast, including in agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine.

CRISPR has been applied in clinical trials to treat lung cancer by enhancing the patient's immune cells.

Research is ongoing to use CRISPR to cure other diseases like sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia.

The use of CRISPR in humans raises ethical questions about modifying the human germline.

The World Health Organization has published guidelines to evaluate the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes.

The debate over CRISPR's use in society continues, with the need for clear regulations on its application.

CRISPR's inventors have warned of the technology's potential to control the future genetics of species.

The challenge lies in how society decides to handle the power of CRISPR technology.

Transcripts

Hai semuanya Kembali lagi bersama saya

krisis kali ini kita ingin membahas

teknologi crisper dari Kenapa teknologi

ini menjadi pembahasan yang panas di

komunitas bioteknologi di seluruh dunia

di tanggal 20 November tahun 2018

seorang ilmuwan Cina dokter hezen kowe

dengan bangga memberitahu seluruh dunia

melalui YouTube channelnya bahwa

usahanya telah berhasil melahirkan dua

bayi kembar yang gamenya sudah diedit

dengan teknologi crisper peristiwa ini

bermula dari sepasang suami-istri dimana

sang suami mengidap virus HIV yang

menyebabkan penyakit Aids dan ada

kemungkinan tinggi bagi keturunannya

untuk mengidap virus yang sama dokter

hem mengatakan dengan mengedit gen pada

Gem rionya kedua bayi yang lahir dan

bahkan keturunan yang akan datang dapat

menjadi kebal terhadap virus HIV dan

bisa terbebas dari penyakit sang ayah

berita ini tidak diterima dengan baik di

komunitas sains sebaliknya dokter Hei

justru mendapat kritik dari segala

penjuru dunia karena pekerjaannya sudah

melewati batas ketika yang

ditujukan dan ditetapkan oleh komunitas

sains dimana setiap ilmuwan harus

bertanggungjawab untuk tidak

memodifikasi DNA manusia yang bersifat

menurun akhirnya genset dokternya

diberhentikan oleh pemerintah Cina dan

dokter handphone diadili pada tahun 2019

dan dihukum penjara selama tiga tahun

sementara itu tidak ada yang tahu

keberadaan dua baik tersebut Apakah

mereka sehat dan apakah ada efek samping

akibat perbuatan dokter Hei kisah ini

menjadi sorotan dunia untuk masa depan

bioteknologi Jin editing dan menjadi

diskusi yang sangat menarik khususnya

dalam bentuk regulasi yang mengatur

penggunaan teknologi ini pada manusia

dan embrio tapi sebenarnya apa sih

teknologi crisper ini dan kenapa penting

sekali untuk disadari oleh masyarakat

dari makhluk hidup yang terkecil sampai

yang terbesar semuanya ini ditentukan

oleh DNA DNA terdiri dari empat nuklir b

atau basa nukleotida

Hai yang terurut secara spesifik dan

menjadi instruksi untuk sel-sel kita

berbagai karakteristik tubuh kita mulai

dari warna mata bentuk rambut warna

kulit tinggi badan dan sebagainya

instruksinya semua dimuat di dalam DNA

kita dengan teknologi crisper ini

memungkinkan ilmuwan untuk mengedit DNA

secara langsung maksudnya teknologi ini

mempunyai kemampuan untuk menargetkan

urutan DNA secara akurat memotong DNA

nya dan melakukan edit kepada DNA yang

diinginkan di dalam cash dokter header

menggunakan teknologi kristal untuk edit

game ccr5 yang ada di dalam daerah kedua

by kembar ccr5 Ini adalah sebuah protein

yang ada di permukaan sel darah putih

dan yang biasanya dikenali oleh virus

HIV sehingga dengan edit biar ccr5 virus

HIV tidak bisa lagi mengenali sel darah

putihnya Dan harapannya si bayi kembar

pun menjadi resisten terhadap virus HIV

dan bisa tercegah dari infeksi ini

terdengar

Febrita bagus jadi apa yang membuat

gempar para ilmuwan di seluruh dunia

semenjak ditemukan di tahun 2012

teknologi Christopher adalah teknologi

yang disambut baik dan langsung

digunakan di dunia riset bioteknologi

sekarang ini sudah pesat sekali

diterapkan di berbagai riset dalam

tanaman dan hewan semua karena potensi

dari penerapan teknologi ini yang sangat

luas bayangkan tanaman pertanian yang

tahan kemarau buah-buahan yang segar

lebih lama ternak yang resisten terhadap

penyakit semua kelebihan ini bisa saja

diprogram dalam DNA melalui teknologi

kristal penggunaan Christopher pada

manusia pun sudah dimulai sejak tahun

2016 ketika seorang dokter di China

melakukan uji klinis untuk menyembuhkan

pasien yang mengidap kanker paru-paru

caranya dengan menyuntikkan selling-in

Pasien itu sendiri yang sudah

dimodifikasi dengan kristal agar dapat

melawan sel kanker sejak ini pun sudah

ada penelitian menggunakan crisper untuk

mengobati penyakit lainnya seperti

sickle Cell anemia penyakit mata untuk

bisa memperbaiki

kelihatan dan juga beta-thalassemia

namun yang jadi pertanyaannya adalah

seberapa jauh kita boleh menggunakannya

dalam kece dokter Hei hal yang

dilakukannya dianggap melanggar kodrat

yang kita pegang sebagai manusia karena

perbuatannya dalam mengedit game embrio

seakan menciptakan manusia dan jin

editing ini pun juga sayangnya

mengandung resiko tinggi untuk bisa

disalahgunakan oleh kepentingan yang

egois tapi disinilah di lemnya karena

disisi lain teknologi ini merupakan

terobosan yang luar biasa Untuk banyak

membantu ataupun mengobati penyakit yang

sampai sekarang belum bisa disembuhkan

saat ini penggunaan crisper masih

merupakan perdebatan di komunitas dunia

organisasi Who sudah memulai usaha ini

dengan menerbitkan sebuah laporan yang

memberikan panduan untuk mengevaluasi

penggunaan Christopher pada gen manusia

yang bisa diturunkan namun pada akhirnya

setiap negara perlu memaparkan peraturan

yang tegas akan penggunaan kristal suka

atau tidak dunia di sekitar kita ini

sudah dirombak dengan terobosan ini dan

ini dikatakan oleh penemu crisper

kemampuan untuk mengontrol masa depan

dari genetika spesies kita ini sangat

menakjubkan dan juga mengerikan

bagaimana kita memutuskan untuk

menanganinya itulah tantangan yang

terbesar yang perlu kita hadapi Jadi

bagaimana menurut kalian mengenai

teknologi caserini Apakah berguna atau

apakah berbahaya silahkan comment dan

jangan lupa like dan subscribe Thank you

for watching bye bye