Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass

Summary

The video script delves into Kristallnacht, or the 'Night of Broken Glass,' a pivotal event in Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews. It discusses Hitler's initial mild repression to avoid international backlash, his collaboration with Zionists through the Haavara Agreement, and the escalating anti-Semitic actions. The script explores how Herschel Grynszpan's assassination of a German diplomat sparked a night of widespread violence against Jews, leading to international condemnation and marking a turning point in Germany's global reputation. It also touches on the internal Nazi dynamics, with figures like Goebbels and Himmler playing significant roles in the event's unfolding and its aftermath.

Takeaways

• 📚 Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, is a significant event in history that is often discussed in isolation without much context.
• 🕍 Hitler's initial approach to dealing with Jews involved working with Zionist organizations to facilitate the relocation of Jews to British Palestine through the Haavara Agreement.
• 🚫 Despite the boycotts and restrictions, everyday discrimination against Jews was also prevalent in countries like the United States and Great Britain, albeit not to the same extent as in Nazi Germany.
• 🗓️ 1938 was a tumultuous year for Germany, marked by crises such as the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair and the Sudetenland crisis, which influenced the nation's international reputation.
• 🚨 The assassination of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan, a Jew, was a catalyst for Kristallnacht, as it ignited a wave of violence against Jews across Germany.
• 🔥 Kristallnacht involved the destruction of Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues, and resulted in the deaths of many Jews, marking a significant escalation in anti-Semitic violence.
• 🤝 Hitler's response to Kristallnacht was complex; he attempted to quell the violence, but also publicly supported Goebbels, indicating a shift in his approach to the 'Jewish problem'.
• 🌍 The international community, including countries like Britain and France, condemned Germany's actions during Kristallnacht, leading to a further deterioration of Germany's global standing.
• 💔 The aftermath of Kristallnacht saw a hardening of attitudes towards Jews, not only in Germany but also in other countries, as the event fueled existing prejudices and created new ones.
• 🔮 The event is a stark reminder of how individual actions can have far-reaching consequences, influencing both domestic and international relations and shaping the course of history.

Q & A

What is Kristallnacht and why is it significant in history?

Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9–10, 1938. It marked a turning point in the Nazi regime's policy towards Jews, escalating from economic and social discrimination to direct violence that foreshadowed the Holocaust.

Why did Hitler initially avoid harsh repression against Jews when he came to power?

Hitler wanted to separate Jews from Germans without causing an international uproar, as he was aware that harsh actions could be used against him by foreign press, particularly Jewish-owned outlets, which could damage his reputation and complicate foreign policy.

What was the Haavara Agreement and how did it relate to Hitler's approach to the 'Jewish problem'?

The Haavara Agreement was a plan for the relocation of Germany's Jews, or at least those willing to go, to British Palestine. It was Hitler's primary method of dealing with the Jewish population in a way that was less likely to provoke international backlash.

How did the international community, particularly the British and French, respond to the situation of German Jews in the late 1930s?

The British and French were reluctant to accept large numbers of German Jews. The British had restrictions on immigration to Palestine, and the French Foreign Minister was against an influx of German Jews into France, even considering Madagascar as a potential solution.

What was the immediate cause of Kristallnacht?

The immediate cause was the assassination of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan, a German-born Polish Jew, in retaliation for the persecution of Jews and his own family's expulsion from Germany to Poland.

How did the Nazi leadership, including Hitler and Goebbels, respond to the assassination that triggered Kristallnacht?

Hitler was reportedly surprised by the assassination and initially ordered no counter-protest. However, Goebbels, seeking to regain favor with Hitler, encouraged and organized the violent demonstrations against Jews and their property, which quickly escalated into widespread destruction.

What was the impact of Kristallnacht on Germany's international reputation?

Kristallnacht severely damaged Germany's international reputation, leading to widespread condemnation and contributing to a shift in public opinion against the Nazi regime. It marked Germany as a pariah state and increased international pressure and scrutiny.

How did the event of Kristallnacht affect the policies of the Nazi regime towards Jews moving forward?

Following Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime intensified its persecution of Jews, leading to further restrictions and eventually to the implementation of the 'Final Solution' and the Holocaust. The event marked a significant escalation in the regime's anti-Semitic policies.

What was the role of the German public in the events of Kristallnacht?

While some Germans participated in the violence against Jews and their property, others were horrified by the events. The German public was not monolithic in its response, but the actions of some contributed to the overall climate of violence and fear.

How did the international Jewish community and foreign governments react to Kristallnacht?

The international Jewish community and many foreign governments condemned the violence and called for action against the Nazi regime. There were efforts to provide aid to Jewish refugees and increased pressure on Germany to change its policies.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Historical Overview of Kristallnacht

This paragraph introduces the historical event known as Kristallnacht, or the 'Night of Broken Glass,' which is often mentioned in history lessons but not thoroughly understood. It discusses the initial mild repression against Jewish people by Hitler's regime and the strategy to avoid causing an international uproar. The paragraph also covers Hitler's interactions with Zionist organizations and the Haavara Agreement, which aimed to relocate German Jews to British Palestine. It highlights the everyday discrimination against Jews in society and sets the stage for the events leading up to Kristallnacht.

05:01

🌐 International Boycotts and the Havara Agreement

The second paragraph delves into the international response to Hitler's regime, including boycotts of German goods and the 'Judea declares war on Germany' headline. It discusses Hitler's efforts to navigate these challenges, particularly through the Havara Agreement, which aimed to relocate Jews to Palestine. The paragraph also touches on the broader international situation, including the reluctance of other countries to accept Jewish refugees and the increasing pressure on Germany to find solutions to the 'Jewish problem.'

10:01

🔥 The Immediate Prelude to Kristallnacht

Paragraph three sets the immediate context for Kristallnacht by detailing the events of 1938, including the Anschluss with Austria and the Sudetenland Crisis. It describes the increasing tensions and the challenges faced by Hitler's regime, such as the need to accommodate thousands of Jews wanting to leave Germany. The paragraph also discusses the actions of other countries, including the UK and France, and their reluctance to accept Jewish refugees. It culminates in the situation on the Polish-German border, where thousands of stateless Jews were stranded, setting the stage for the tragic events of Kristallnacht.

15:01

🤬 Herschel Grynszpan's Assassination and Its Aftermath

This paragraph focuses on Herschel Grynszpan, a young Jewish man whose assassination of a German diplomat in Paris became the catalyst for Kristallnacht. It details Grynszpan's background, his family's expulsion to Poland, and his subsequent radicalization. The paragraph describes the assassination and its immediate aftermath, including the spontaneous anti-Jewish violence that erupted across Germany. It also discusses the reactions of various Nazi officials, including Hitler's initial attempts to quell the violence and the role of Joseph Goebbels in escalating the situation.

20:02

🛑 The Aftermath of Kristallnacht and International Repercussions

The fifth paragraph examines the consequences of Kristallnacht, both within Germany and internationally. It discusses the efforts of Nazi officials to manage the situation, the impact on Germany's international reputation, and the broader implications for the Jewish community. The paragraph also highlights the internal conflicts within the Nazi regime, particularly between Hitler and Goebbels, and the eventual decision to impose a heavy fine on the Jewish community. It concludes with a reflection on the long-term effects of Kristallnacht and its role in shaping the course of World War II.

25:05

🙏 Acknowledgments and Support

The final paragraph is a list of acknowledgments and thanks to various individuals and groups who have supported the creation of the video. It includes patrons, subscribers, and members who have contributed financially or through other means to help produce the content. This section is a gesture of appreciation and recognition for those who have played a role in making the video possible.

Keywords

💡Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938. It is a key event in the history of the Holocaust and marks a significant escalation in Nazi violence against Jews. The video script discusses the event's background, its immediate causes, and its impact on the course of history, emphasizing its significance as a turning point in Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.

💡Zionism

Zionism, as used in the video, refers to the movement and ideology that supported the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the historic territory of Israel. The script explains how Hitler initially worked with Zionist organizations to facilitate the emigration of German Jews to British Palestine, as part of the Haavara Agreement. This concept is central to understanding the complex political dynamics of the time and Hitler's early policies towards Jews.

💡Havara Agreement

The Haavara Agreement was an economic arrangement between Nazi Germany and Zionist leaders that allowed for the emigration of German Jews to Palestine. The script discusses this agreement as Hitler's primary method for dealing with the 'Jewish problem' in the early years of his regime. It highlights the international dimension of the Jewish refugee crisis and the complex negotiations that took place.

💡Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism is the discrimination against, prejudice, or hostility towards Jews. The video script mentions anti-Semitism as a driving force behind the actions of individuals and governments during this period. It is exemplified in the restrictive policies against Jews in Germany and other countries, as well as in the violent actions that culminated in Kristallnacht.

💡Hitler's Rhetoric

Hitler's rhetoric refers to his public speeches and writings that were filled with anti-Semitic and nationalistic themes. The script notes that while Hitler spoke about Jews for years, the actual repression against them was initially mild to avoid international uproar. This concept is crucial for understanding the gradual escalation of Nazi policies and the manipulation of public opinion.

💡International Boycotts

International boycotts were economic actions taken by various countries and groups against Nazi Germany in response to its treatment of Jews. The script mentions how Hitler managed to get some of these boycotts removed by cooperating with Zionists. This keyword is important for understanding the economic pressures and diplomatic strategies of the era.

💡Neville Chamberlain

Neville Chamberlain was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister during the time period discussed in the video. He is mentioned in the context of his efforts to avoid war and his interactions with Hitler. Chamberlain's policies and their consequences are significant for understanding the international response to Nazi Germany's actions.

💡Madagascar Plan

The Madagascar Plan was a proposal by the Nazis to deport Europe's Jews to the island of Madagascar. The script briefly touches on this plan as an example of the various schemes considered by Nazi Germany and its allies to 'solve' the Jewish question. It illustrates the extreme and inhumane measures considered by the regime.

💡Herschel Grynszpan

Herschel Grynszpan was a Jewish youth whose assassination of a German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath, is cited in the script as the immediate trigger for Kristallnacht. His actions and their consequences are central to the video's narrative, showing how individual acts can have far-reaching historical impacts.

💡Propaganda

Propaganda, as discussed in the video, refers to the systematic dissemination of information, especially in a biased or misleading way, to promote a political cause or point of view. The script highlights how Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels played a significant role in inciting violence against Jews during Kristallnacht, demonstrating the power of propaganda in influencing public sentiment and actions.

Highlights

Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, is often mentioned in history lessons but many details about the event are not widely known.

Hitler's initial repression against Jews was mild to avoid causing an international uproar.

Hitler worked with Zionist organizations to facilitate the relocation of Jews to British Palestine through the Haavara Agreement.

The situation in 1938 saw a rise in anti-Jewish sentiment and actions, including shop boycotts and restrictions.

Hitler was viewed by some as being too soft on Jews, despite increasing restrictions.

The Munich Agreement and the Sudetenland crisis affected Germany's international reputation and the treatment of Jews.

Herschel Grynszpan, a Jewish youth, assassinated German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris, an act that triggered Kristallnacht.

Kristallnacht was a spontaneous reaction to Grynszpan's assassination, with synagogues and Jewish properties being attacked across Germany.

Goebbels, Hitler's propaganda minister, played a significant role in escalating the violence during Kristallnacht.

Hitler attempted to control the situation during Kristallnacht but faced challenges from various Nazi factions.

The international community, including Britain and France, condemned Germany's actions during Kristallnacht.

The event led to a significant deterioration in Germany's international reputation and increased isolation.

Hitler publicly sided with Goebbels despite privately condemning the actions taken during Kristallnacht.

The aftermath of Kristallnacht saw a collective fine imposed on the Jewish community and further ostracization.

The video concludes by highlighting the complexity of the historical narrative and the impact of Kristallnacht on global perception of Nazi Germany.

Transcripts

almost everybody's history lessons at

school will have mentioned kristallnacht

or the Knight of broken glass but very

little is actually known about the event

it's hardly ever mentioned why the

events took place who ordered it or how

it affected the course of history it's

usually just discussed in a vacuum

hopefully in this video I can shed some

more light on the time period Hitler had

spent years talking about the Jewish

people yet when he came to power the

actual repression against them was so

mild that it disappointed some of the

more radical corners of the party Hitler

had actually quite logically decided

that if he was going to separate the

Jews from the Germans he wanted it done

without causing a gigantic International

uproar after all one of his biggest

enemies was the Foreign Press especially

the Jewish owned ones and if you made

any move too harsh on the Jews they

could quite easily ruin his reputation

and make foreign policy an impossible

Minefield to maneuver he sets about

doing this by actually working with

Zionist organizations Zionism in modern

times is pretty much a nothing word much

like fascism or racism however in this

instance I mean it in the literal Jewish

people wanting a Homeland for the Jews

sense almost as soon as Hitler came to

power he was set upon by various groups

of international businessmen and German

goods were boycotted this is where the

infamous Judea declares war on Germany

newspaper headline comes from that is

often used as a context Hitler managed

to get some of these boycotts removed by

working with the zionists to establish a

plan for the relocation of Germany's

Jews or at least those that would go

willingly to British Palestine some of

course refused to revoke their boycotts

no matter what unless Hitler was removed

from office this Palestine scheme was

known as the havara agreement the plan

didn't really work to the scale that

both sides would have hoped for but

regardless this was Hitler's primary

method of dealing with the problem long

term of course in everyday Society there

was shops who refused Jews entry and had

signs saying Jews not wanted but this

was the case in the United States or

even Great Britain too albeit not on the

same scale obviously this was the

situation in 1938 as the events of

crystal

it Hitler was viewed by some in the

party as being too soft as opposed to

too harsh despite his increasing

restrictions on Jews but the outside

world of course viewed Hitler's rhetoric

against the Jews as abominable it was

this Minefield that the fuhrer had to

navigate before we begin a quick

disclaimer this is a video about both

Adolf Hitler's life and also about the

night of broken glass both are extremely

controversial I don't need to make a

huge speech really but please just use

common sense this video is purely a work

of history it is not political in any

way shape or form and I will Express no

opinions of my own thank you also this

video is part of the larger series on

the life of Adolf Hitler if you'd like

to start from the start then the

playlist is linked down below and also

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1938 was a year of Hitler's Germany

jumping from crisis to crisis early in

the year the blomberg French Affair

ended with Hitler shuffling the old

conservatives out of his government and

replacing them with newer faces in

February and March the Angelus dominated

the world's news headlines Hitler

managed to make his way through both of

these events relatively untouched the

latter did show Hitler's willingness to

occupy foreign Nations however

regardless of the fact it was the

austrians themselves who wanted the

Invasion the peace didn't last for long

a few months later the world was rocked

by the sedatan crisis at points Europe

was within hours of War breaking out but

thanks to Neville Chamberlain the

nations of Europe were saved from such a

fate Germans were being massacred in the

sedaten land and after benez the

president of Czechoslovakia tried to

bait Hitler into mobilizing his army and

creating a fake Scandal Hitler put his

foot down in the end the sedation land

was handed over to Germany and benez ran

off with his tail between his legs where

he would continue to chill for a war

with Germany in collaboration with other

paid warmongers like Winston Churchill

and Duff Cooper the Germans of the sedan

land had been saved but the German

international reputation had not been

the warmongers chief among them

Churchill began to spin the sedating

crisis as a first step in Germany's path

to World Domination sadly people

genuinely began to believe that Hitler

incorporating three million Germans into

the nation of Germany was the beginning

of a larger Conquest a major Triumph was

slowly but surely being spun into a

capitulation to Hitler Chamberlain's

moral action of saving the British

people from war was starting to be

viewed as cowardice this is the false

narrative that remains to this day

regardless this false narrative was now

the reality in part of the public mind

and it was the situation that Hitler had

to reckon with

[Music]

after these crises particularly the

Austrian one there was thousands of

thousands of Jews who wanted to leave

the country as Hitler slowly took a

tougher and tougher line to be rid of

them and the Germans were more than

happy to accommodate the problem was as

was already an issue with the rest of

the Jews in Germany nobody wanted them

the Brits would only accept so many in

British Palestine the French wanted

nothing to do with the matter in fact

the French foreign minister had begged

ribandrop not to flood France with

German Jews as he said they already had

enough and they were even considering

Madagascar for the purpose of getting

rid of them the new Czech government had

been replaced by moderates as opposed to

benez's anti-hitler extremists and the

nation took a pro-gym and lion in fact

they were already effectively begging

Germany for protection from Hungary who

was eager to avenge Triana the Czechs

weren't big fans of the Jews anyway but

now with benez gone as a restraining

Factor they had no tolerance for the

matter at all they were happy to tow the

German line and impose anti-jewish

restrictions in some cases they were

even more eager than the Germans and

began to deport these Jews by the

thousands again the problem was where to

put them the obvious answer for the

place to put all these Jews was Poland

the nation with the most Jews in Europe

by far the issue again was that the

Polish government was incredibly

anti-semitic themselves and shuddered at

the Fort of thousands more Jews being

pumped into the nation Ambassador Joseph

lipsky of Poland had even said directly

to Hitler that if he somehow managed to

solve the Jewish Problem in Europe then

the polls would build a statue of Hitler

and Warsaw in March 1938 the polls

quickly passed a law to prevent the

influx of Jews that would inevitably

come from Vienna which housed thousands

of Polish Jews these Jews were stripped

of their polish citizenship rights after

the Munich agreement the polls panicked

even more and they immediately

implemented harsher restrictions on

Jewish repatriation they wanted

absolutely nothing to do with the issue

despite an overwhelming amount of the

Jews being polish Jews the date of 31st

of October was given after that there

would be no more polish Jews Crossing

back into Poland another years old the

last days of October were an absolute

frenzy of activity on the Polish German

border the Germans themselves were more

than happy to take advantage of the

deadline they canceled 12 000 polish

Jews residence permits in the country

and amidst all the chaos they sent train

loads of these Jews across the border

before the polls could figure out what

on Earth was going on the polls refused

the Jews and they ended up living a

horrible Refugee existence on the border

of the two Nations where they relied on

the Red Cross to survive on one of these

trains were 484 polish Jews from Hanover

most important among them was Mr and Mrs

grinspan and their daughters who had

moved to Germany in 1911 and there they

had a son Herschel

[Music]

thank you

Herschel grinspan was to become a name

that would go down in history but for

now he was a nobody his parents had

wanted him to go to Palestine however he

was told that he was too young and had

to wait a year instead it was decided

that Herschel should go and stay in

Paris with his aunt and uncle in

September 1936 he illegally entered

France through Belgium during the

following two years he lived amongst

other Eastern Jews in a Paris Enclave

where Yiddish was spoken he learned

barely a word of French over his two

years there and rarely met Frenchmen his

time in Paris somewhat mirrored Hitler's

in Vienna he was a Wanderer and instead

of an artist he was an inspiring poet as

he wasn't a legal resident of France he

couldn't study and as a result his life

went nowhere with no clear path to

achieving anything he quickly became

depressed and irritable he refused to

get a job and his aunt and uncle

described him as a useless drain on

their resources on top of this he was

well known for his fiery temper and was

quick to respond to verbal anti-Semitism

with his fists and due to his upbringing

in Jewish schools he was far more Jewish

than his parents had been even for

Eastern Jewish standards as a result he

made the Jewish cause in Germany his own

and the anti-jewish sentiment there was

driving him mad to make matters worse in

late 1938 the French police were

actually looking for him in order to

deport him given that he was an illegal

immigrant after all to those around him

he would round and Rave about the Jewish

situation in Germany and he was

essentially a loose cannon waiting to

explode he had nothing and he was going

nowhere with nothing to live for all he

had left was his family back in Germany

whom he missed so much and would

frequently talk about on November the

3rd grinspan received a letter from his

sister and it was here that he learned

of his parents and sisters demeaning

repatriation to Poland Herschel

immediately tried to shake his uncle

down for money and after wild protests

he either gave in or was robbed for 300

francs by his nephew who then walked out

four days later on the 7th of November

he turned up at the German

seeking Revenge at 9 45 AM he told the

receptionist that he was a German

resident with important intelligence

that he wanted to give to the most

senior Diplomat available only the

second most senior official in the

building Ernst vomrath was available to

meet him Herschel had actually walked

past German ambassador Von velzek on his

way in who was leaving for his daily

walk Herschel walked into raf's office

and was asked to provide the document he

claimed to possess instead Herschel

pulled out a gun and shot wrath five

times shouting quote you're a filthy

Bosh in the name of 12 000 persecuted

Jews here is the document and quote

[Music]

Herschel did not attempt to evade the

police and he cried to them quote being

a Jew is not a crime I am not a dog I

have a right to live and the Jewish

people have a right to exist on this

Earth wherever I have been I have been

chased like an animal end quote the

truth was however that Herschel had just

killed a random completely Innocent Man

simply because he was German in no way

was this going to make things better

only worse the victim in fact was under

investigation by the gestapo and wasn't

even anti-semitic RAF died of his

injuries two days later on the 9th of

November the 15th anniversary of the

most important date in Germany the beer

hall pitch Hitler and all the others

were gathered in Munich for the yearly

Services when they got the news Herschel

couldn't have possibly asked for Worse

timing patriotic feeling was at a

maximum and the German people were never

going to be in a position to tolerate

such a targeted attack the reaction was

spontaneous and immediate within hours

synagogues were on fire across Germany

in fact such events were occurring all

over Germany before the fuhrer even

received the news here he ordered that

no counter-protest should be arranged

and he was informed that the Munich

police were already cracking down on

huge anti-jewish demonstrations gurgles

on the other hand who was currently in

disgrace with Hitler over his

high-profile cheating scandal had a

bright idea to get back into Hitler's

good books the greatest public speaker

Germany had the very face of the public

regime made the pogroms his own cause he

told party officials to organize and fan

the Flames of the current spontaneous

demonstrations the essay was his vehicle

for doing so and playing clothed men

quickly began making things worse whilst

also trying to make it seem as if the

party was not responsible he would

frequently Talk of the gowliters getting

cold feet but he was proud of the essay

that they simply went ahead and began

smashing up Jewish businesses and

synagogues he even ordered particular

synagogues in his own District of Berlin

to be smashed an action report by the

leader of the sa group nordmark read

quote at about 10 pm on November live

the need for the operation was put to a

number of gow lighters assembled in the

Munich Hotel of schottenhammel by an

anonymous member of the Nazi party's

reichlid Tung I thereupon volunteered

the services of my sa group nordmark to

the gowalita Henrik loss at about 10 30

pm he telephoned his chief of staff in

Keel a Jew has fired a shot a German

Diplomat is dead There Are Holy

Superfluous places of congregation in

friedrichstat Keel and Lubeck and these

people are still trading in shops in our

midst we don't need either the one or

the other there's to be no plundering

nor any man handling foreign Jews are

not to be molested if there's any

resistance use your Firearms the whole

operation is to be in plain clothes and

is to be over by 5 AM end quote it's

important to remember that the Third

Reich isn't as streamlined as one might

imagine the reality was that there were

several smaller competing groups Himmler

had his SS Gering and his industrialists

Goebbels had his propaganda Network and

Borman controlled the circle around

Hitler just to name a few most of these

men didn't like each other and would

often pursue opposing AIMS in which

Hitler was sometimes kept in the dark

this time however Hitler was with

Himmler and Himmler began to receive

reports from his gestapo that goebbel's

propaganda offices were whipping up

anti-jewish demonstrations and that he

was ordering the police who were meant

to be under the control of Himmler not

to intervene Himmler turned straight to

the fury for further instructions and he

was ordered to protect Jewish lives and

Jewish property according to Himmler it

appeared as if this was the first Hitler

had heard of such things when he told

him trying to put this Genie back in the

bottle was never going to be an easy

task however after all Goebbels held

more sway on the public than anyone else

except Hitler himself one of the main

issues was that the attempts to put down

these demonstrations were only ever

going to be half-hearted but anyone

except those with an eye for foreign

policy helping the Jews wasn't for the

Jews benefit but for the Germans if a

medieval style program erupted in

Germany the nation that was being

accused of mistreating Jews and it would

be the biggest hit to Germany's

International reputation imaginable on a

personal level disregarding what

Outsiders fought then there was of

course thousands of Germans who saw this

as their chance to finally get out the

Jews and they relished the opportunity

they had been held back for years and

now they felt they were being allowed to

act in fact by 1am that same evening the

synagogue next to Hitler's Hotel was on

fire and his adjutant was called to come

and collect his belongings in case the

fire spread the attacks continued into

the night and Hitler barely got any

sleep still into the early morning he

was demanding to know what was going on

and was demanding that party officials

could have stopped to it now at 3am

Rudolf Hess Hitler's Deputy sent out a

message to all the gowliters quote on

Express orders issued at the highest

level of all there is to be no Arsenal

alike whatever under any circumstances

against Jewish businesses end quote

foreign

by the early hours of the next morning

Goebbels was getting the message that he

was in fact making things worse and he

spent his sleepless night on the

telephone trying to calm down the mess

that he himself had created it was too

late however and dozens of Jews had died

in a single evening foreign minister

ribbon drop immediately informed Hitler

of the ramifications abroad in the eyes

of the world Germany was now willing to

resort to physical violence in order to

persecute their Jews beforehand many

were willing to tolerate or even agreed

with the economic and social

restrictions on Jews but for many this

was a step too far how obvious of a

mistake such a reaction was is evident

in the people who condemned it first and

foremost one of the most radical

National socialists of all Heinrich

Himmler immediately condemned Goebbels

for the obvious reason quote the order

was given by the propaganda directorate

and I suspect that Goebbels in his

craving for power which I noticed a long

time ago and also in his

empty-headedness started this action

just at the time when the foreign

political situation is very grave when I

asked the fuhrer about it I had the

impression that he did not know anything

about these events end quote the

blowback was immediate Chamberlain in

England was completely discredited he

had carefully navigated through the

rough foreign policy of the past year

only for it to blow back in his face

he'd made Hitler out to be an honest man

who could be reasoned with and due to

this Europe was indeed spared war in

1938. now however the warmongers like

Churchill had invaluable ammunition to

throw at Hitler to which Chamberlain

would have no reply how was Chamberlain

to know that Hitler didn't order the

pogrom and in fact tried to put it down

even if he did know how on Earth would

he be able to convince the world of that

the answer is he couldn't there is

Nuance to the situation but the reality

is that this isn't how the world Works

no matter who started it no matter who

tried to put it down the reality was

that dozens of Jews were dead David

Irving puts the figure at 91 John

Tolland puts it at 36 814 shops have

been destroyed as had 171 homes

most symbolically of all perhaps was

that 191 synagogues had been put to the

torch Goebbels were tried to say in his

defense to Hitler that such a brutal

response would prevent further

assassinations in the future in 1936

Wilhelm gustloff the founder of the

Swiss National socialists had been

gunned down by a Jewish assassin in very

similar circumstances now it had

happened again he reasoned that violence

which the Germans had not yet resorted

to must be responded to with violence

guring told Hitler that he must punish

the propaganda Minister but the fewer

could any reply that Goebbels despite

his many faults and no matter how out of

favor he was at the moment was

invaluable guring testified at Nuremberg

after the war quote I was making every

effort in connection with the four-year

plan to concentrate the entire economic

field to the utmost I had in the course

of speeches to the nation been asking

for every old toothpaste tube every

Rusty Nail every bit of scrap metal to

be collected and utilized it would not

be tolerated that a man who was not

responsible for these things should

upset my difficult economic tasks by

destroying so many things of economic

value on the one hand and by causing

such disturbance in economic life on the

other hand end quote before talking

about Hitler's reaction he said that

Hitler quote made some apologies for

Goebbels but on the whole he agreed that

such events were not to take place and

must not be allowed to take place end

quote in fact it wasn't only going but

pretty much every leading Nazi who came

out to condemn Goebbels vulfur Funk

Reich Minister of Economics was heard on

the phone by his wife to say quote are

you crazy Goebbels to make such a mess

of things one has to be ashamed to be

German we are losing our whole Prestige

abroad I am trying day and night to

conserve the national wealth and you

throw it willy-nilly out of the window

if this thing does not stop immediately

you can have the whole filthy mess end

quote everyone seemed to understand the

Calamity that had now befallen Germany

except the propaganda Minister who

continued to cope saying he had done the

right thing when in fact he had doomed

his country to International hatred

Hitler however instead of condemning

gobbles also or even saying he'd made a

mistake chose to side with him publicly

despite doing everything he could at the

time to prevent the events that was as

far as it went now he sided with

Goebbels a few days later he would

impose a collective 1 billion Mark fine

on the Jewish Community to make up for

the murder of Raph and for the resulting

damage in Germany itself it was as if

Hitler knew his Bridges were now burned

and instead of Towing the fine line he

had previously he threw his hands up and

decided to stop playing the

international game in order to stand by

his invaluable propaganda Minister

privately however he still raged against

his actions he said to Gertie trust the

Widow of his former architect Paul

Troost quote it is terrible they have

destroyed everything for me like

elephants in a china shop and much worse

I had the great hope that I was about to

come to an understanding with France and

now that end quote foreign minister

riventrop the man most responsible for

trying to keep the international

reputation of Germany out of the gutter

said quote as for that little beast

Goebbels have you heard what his gangs

have done everywhere these imbeciles

have smashed up the Jewish shops which

have long been Aryan property anyhow

they've spoiled my game for me end quote

one of the things that annoyed Hitler

the most as the backlash continued over

the coming weeks was the hypocrisy of

the western Powers the Brits and the

French talked and talked and talked

about the plight of the Jews but in

response to Crystal knocked the Brits

actually tightened restrictions on

Jewish immigration to Palestine as they

knew there would now be a new influx

gurings had of Hitler's thoughts at the

time quote he wants to say to the other

countries why are you always talking

about the Jews take them end quote

[Music]

to summarize Herschel Greenspan killed

an innocent man who in fact shared

similar views to him as a result he

indirectly made things far worse for the

Jews but indirectly helped bring about

the world war that would despite much

Bloodshed for his own people defeat

Hitler it's a bit of a crude comparison

but when George Floyd was killed in 2020

predominantly African Americans but also

others set America on fire for days or

even weeks thousands of shops were

burned and dozens of innocent mostly

white civilians died as a result many

Americans who were not raises before now

became racist due to this Outburst of

violence the same was the case in

Germany in response to the act of a

single crazed Jew many Germans took it

out on the entire Jewish Community as a

result the Germans turned people against

their own cause and by extension against

them Ambassador decoff the German

ambassador to the US said that until

Crystal act most Americans were happy to

ignore the anti-gym and propaganda but

now even German Americans were Furious

what particularly strikes me is the fact

that with few exceptions the respectable

patriotic circles which are thoroughly

anti-communist and for the greater part

anti-semitic and Outlook also begin to

turn away from us the fact that the

Jewish newspapers still write more

excitedly than before is not surprising

but that men like Dewey Hoover and

Hearst and many others who have hit here

too maintained a Cooperative reserve and

have even to some extent expressed

sympathy towards Germany are now

publicly adopting so violent and

attitude against her is a serious matter

in the general atmosphere of hate the

idea of boycotting German Goods has now

received new fuel and trade negotiations

cannot be considered at this moment end

quote effectively goebbels's actions had

ripped to pieces any sympathy the world

had for Germany they had managed to

barely Play Between the Lions so far and

had actually garnered a lot of sympathy

and understanding for their tough

post-war position but now they were

effectively a pariah State condemned by

the world being pro-german and foreign

Nations was now a nearly impossible

stance to take as it was so deeply

unpopular the condemnation was almost

unanimous even if Hitler wanted to take

an anti-gerbil's line to this none of it

would have changed he would lose one of

his most important Men by far his genius

propaganda Minister but he would gain

nothing the world would still hate

Germany nothing he could say or do would

change that now the bridges were burned

and the Third Reich would have to face

the world from this new position no

matter how unwinnable the situation

seemed thank you very much for watching

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