La Muerte de las Abejas explicada con detalles.
Summary
TLDREl video destaca la vital importancia de las abejas como polinizadoras esenciales para nuestros cultivos, flores y alimentos. A través de un fascinante recorrido sobre su alimentación, comportamiento y servicios de polinización, se explora cómo las prácticas agrícolas modernas, el uso de pesticidas y la falta de biodiversidad han afectado negativamente a las abejas. También menciona cómo los apicultores y científicos trabajan para protegerlas y mejorar su salud. El mensaje final invita a plantar flores amigables con las abejas y evitar el uso de pesticidas, una pequeña acción que puede generar un gran impacto para salvar a las abejas.
Takeaways
- 🐝 Las abejas son los polinizadores más importantes para cultivos, frutas y flores, de los que dependen más de un tercio de la producción mundial de alimentos.
- 🌸 Las abejas no polinizan intencionalmente; lo hacen mientras recolectan néctar y polen para alimentarse.
- 👩🌾 En algunas partes del mundo, los humanos deben polinizar flores manualmente, utilizando pinceles o vibradores, especialmente en cultivos como los tomates.
- 🎶 Los abejorros pueden vibrar a una frecuencia similar a la nota musical Do para liberar polen de flores como las del tomate.
- 🏡 Existen más de 20,000 especies de abejas en el mundo, y la mayoría vive en el suelo o tallos huecos, lejos de la vida social de las abejas melíferas.
- 🧪 Las abejas melíferas han desarrollado sistemas de salud social, como la recolección de resinas con propiedades antibacterianas, que utilizan para proteger su colmena.
- 🔬 Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las prácticas agrícolas han cambiado, eliminando plantas clave para las abejas, lo que ha contribuido a su declive.
- 🌍 La falta de diversidad floral y el uso de pesticidas están provocando la muerte masiva de abejas en todo el mundo, incluidas las especies silvestres.
- 🚛 Las abejas son transportadas en grandes cantidades para polinizar monocultivos, como los almendros, lo que las deja sin alimento cuando termina la floración.
- 🌼 Para salvar a las abejas, se pueden plantar flores amigables con ellas y evitar el uso de pesticidas, contribuyendo a la biodiversidad y su supervivencia.
Q & A
¿Por qué son importantes las abejas para la producción agrícola?
-Las abejas son los polinizadores más importantes de frutas, verduras, flores y cultivos como la alfalfa, que alimentan a los animales de granja. Más de un tercio de la producción agrícola mundial depende de la polinización de las abejas.
¿Por qué las abejas polinizan las plantas?
-Las abejas polinizan mientras recolectan polen y néctar para alimentarse, ya que obtienen su proteína del polen y los carbohidratos del néctar.
¿Qué ocurre en lugares donde no hay abejas para polinizar?
-En lugares sin abejas, se paga a personas para que polinicen manualmente, transfiriendo polen de flor en flor con un pincel.
¿Qué papel juegan los abejorros en la polinización de los tomates?
-Los abejorros son capaces de vibrar las flores de tomate, liberando el polen atrapado en los estambres. Este proceso, conocido como sonicación, mejora la polinización y la calidad de los tomates.
¿Cuántas especies de abejas existen en el mundo y cuántas son sociales?
-Existen más de 20,000 especies de abejas en el mundo, pero solo unas pocas, como las abejas melíferas, han desarrollado comportamientos sociales.
¿Qué es el propóleo y cómo beneficia a las abejas?
-El propóleo es una resina pegajosa que las abejas recogen de las plantas y usan para reforzar la arquitectura de la colmena. Tiene propiedades antibacterianas y ayuda a mantener la salud del enjambre.
¿Por qué las colonias de abejas comenzaron a morir masivamente en los últimos años?
-Las abejas están muriendo por múltiples causas, como la pérdida de hábitats con flores, pesticidas, parásitos como el Varroa destructor y enfermedades.
¿Cómo afectan los monocultivos y pesticidas a las abejas?
-Los monocultivos eliminan las plantas con flores que las abejas necesitan, y los pesticidas, especialmente los neonicotinoides, pueden desorientarlas o matarlas, afectando su capacidad para polinizar.
¿Qué es el Varroa destructor y cómo afecta a las abejas?
-El Varroa destructor es un parásito que succiona la sangre de las abejas, debilitando su sistema inmunológico y transmitiendo virus mortales.
¿Qué podemos hacer para ayudar a las abejas?
-Podemos plantar flores amigables para las abejas y evitar el uso de pesticidas en ellas. Esto mejorará su nutrición y las ayudará a defenderse de enfermedades y parásitos.
Outlines
🐝 La importancia de las abejas en la polinización
Este párrafo explica la vital importancia de las abejas como los polinizadores más relevantes para frutas, verduras, flores y cultivos como la alfalfa, que alimentan a los animales de granja. Se destaca que más de un tercio de la producción agrícola mundial depende de la polinización de abejas. Sin embargo, las abejas no polinizan por el beneficio humano, sino porque necesitan alimentarse, obteniendo proteínas del polen y carbohidratos del néctar. También se menciona cómo, en algunas partes del mundo, los humanos deben polinizar a mano en ausencia de abejas, con métodos como el 'vibrador de tomates'. Las abejas, especialmente los abejorros, son esenciales para liberar el polen de algunas plantas mediante vibración, mejorando la calidad de los tomates en los invernaderos al realizar este proceso de manera natural.
🌸 La diversidad de especies de abejas y su rol en la salud del colmenar
Se menciona que existen más de 20,000 especies de abejas en el mundo, la mayoría de las cuales viven de manera solitaria. A pesar de que las abejas melíferas son las más reconocidas, la mayoría de las especies no son tan sociales. La autora relata cómo se interesó en las abejas a los 18 años tras leer un libro que describía las sociedades complejas de estos insectos. Comenzó a trabajar con una familia de apicultores y quedó fascinada por cómo las abejas se organizan sin una autoridad central. En su laboratorio, estudian cómo las abejas mantienen la salud de la colonia, desde eliminar abejas enfermas hasta usar el propóleos, un desinfectante natural que recolectan de las plantas y que mantiene la colmena libre de gérmenes.
🚨 El declive de las abejas y los cambios en la agricultura desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Este párrafo trata sobre el alarmante declive de las colonias de abejas, que empezó a reportarse en masa hace 7 años, especialmente en EE.UU. La población de abejas ha disminuido desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial debido a cambios en las prácticas agrícolas, como el abandono de cultivos de cobertura y el uso de fertilizantes sintéticos y herbicidas, lo que ha destruido las plantas que las abejas necesitan para sobrevivir. También se menciona la enorme dependencia de cultivos como las almendras de la polinización de abejas, lo que crea paisajes sin flores que no pueden sustentar a las abejas una vez que termina la floración.
🧪 Los pesticidas y su impacto en las abejas
Este párrafo analiza cómo los pesticidas, introducidos después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, han afectado a las abejas. Investigadores de la Universidad de Penn State encontraron que las abejas recolectan polen con residuos de al menos seis pesticidas diferentes. Se habla de los insecticidas neonicotinoides, que pueden intoxicar y desorientar a las abejas, impidiéndoles regresar a su colmena. Además, las abejas enfrentan parásitos como el varroa destructor, que debilita su sistema inmunológico y propaga virus, agravando la situación.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Abejas
💡Polinización
💡Monocultivos
💡Colmena
💡Propolis
💡Neonicotinoides
💡Parásitos
💡Resinas
💡Polinización manual
💡Diversidad de flores
Highlights
Bees are crucial pollinators, responsible for pollinating one-third of the world's crop production.
Bees gather pollen and nectar for their own survival, and in doing so, they unintentionally pollinate crops and flowers.
In parts of the world without bees, humans must pollinate crops by hand using paintbrushes, which is inefficient.
Bumblebees are one of the few bees capable of sonicating flowers, releasing pollen by vibrating their flight muscles at a frequency similar to the musical note C.
Tomato growers now use bumblebee colonies in greenhouses to pollinate flowers naturally, resulting in higher-quality tomatoes.
There are over 20,000 species of bees, many of which are solitary and spend most of their lives hidden in the ground or in hollow stems.
Honeybees are often the charismatic representatives for the vast majority of other bee species due to their social nature and honey production.
Beekeepers consider honeybee colonies as superorganisms, where 40,000 to 50,000 individual bees work as a single unit with no central authority.
Bees have developed a social health care system, with some bees tasked with identifying and removing sick individuals from the colony to maintain overall health.
Propolis, a resin collected by bees, is a natural disinfectant that helps keep colonies healthy by killing bacteria, mold, and other germs.
Bee populations have been in decline since World War II due to changes in farming practices, including the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides.
Monocultures like almond orchards create food deserts for bees after pollination, requiring over 1.5 million bee hives to be transported across the country for almond pollination.
The rise of pesticides, including neonicotinoids, has led to bee deaths and disorientation, reducing their ability to find their way back to the hive.
Bees are also threatened by parasites like the Varroa destructor, a blood-sucking parasite that spreads viruses and weakens bees' immune systems.
A potential solution is to plant bee-friendly flowers that bloom throughout the growing season and avoid contaminating them with pesticides, helping bees thrive and supporting biodiversity.
Transcripts
[Applause]
this is our life with
bees and this is our life without
bees bees are the most important
pollinators of our fruits and vegetables
and flowers and crops like alfalfa hay
that feed our farm animals more than
onethird of the world's Crop Production
is dependent on Bee
pollination but the ironic thing is that
bees are not out there pollinating our
food in
they're out there because they need to
eat bees get all of the protein they
need in their diet from pollen and all
of the carbohydrates they need from
nectar they're flower feeders and as
they move from flower to flower
basically on a shopping trip at the
local floral Mart they end up providing
this valuable pollination
service in parts of the world where
there are no Bees or where they plant
varieties that are not attractive to
bees people are paid to do the business
of pollination by hand these people are
moving pollen from flower to flower with
a
paintbrush now this business of hand
pollination is actually not that
uncommon tomato Growers often pollinate
their tomato flowers with a handheld
vibrator now this is this one's the
Tomato
Tickler this is this is
because the pollen within a tomato flour
is held very securely within the male
part of the flour the anther and the
only way to releasee this pollen is to
vibrate it so Bumblebees are one of the
few kinds of bees in the world that are
able to hold on to the flower and
vibrate it and they do this by shaking
their flight muscles at a frequency
similar to the musical note C so they
vibrate the flower they sonicate it and
that releases the a pollen in this
deficient swoosh and the pollen gathers
all over the fuzzy bee's body and she
takes it home as food tomato Growers now
put bumblebee colonies inside the
greenhouse to pollinate the tomatoes
because they get much more efficient
pollination when it's done naturally and
they get better quality
tomatoes so there's other maybe more
personal reasons to care about bees
there's over 20,000 species of bees in
the world and they're absolutely
gorgeous these bees spend the majority
of their life cycle hidden in the ground
or within a hollow stem and very few of
these beautiful species have evolved
highly social behavior like honeybees
now honeybees tend to be the charismatic
representative for the other
19,900 plus species because there's
something about honeybees that draws
people into their
world humans have been drawn to
honeybees since early recorded history
mostly to harvest their honey which is
an amazing natural
sweetener I got drawn into the honeybee
World completely by a fluke I was 18
years old and bored and I picked up a
book at the library on bees and I spent
the night reading it I had never thought
about insects living in complex
societies it was like the best of
Science Fiction come true and even
stranger there were these people these
beekeepers that love their bees like
they were family and when I put down the
book I knew I had to see this for myself
so I went to work for a commercial
beekeeper a family that owned 2,000
hives of bees in New Mexico and I was
permanently
hooked honey bees can be considered a
super organism where the colony is the
organism and it's comprised of 40 to
50,000 individual be
organisms now this Society has no
Central Authority nobody's in charge so
how they come to Collective decisions
and how they allocate their tasks and
divide their labor how they communicate
where the flowers are all of their
Collective social behaviors are
mindblowing my personal favorite one
that I've studied for many years is
their system of Health Care so bees have
social health
care so in my lab we study how bees keep
themselves healthy for example we study
hygiene where some bees are able to
locate and weed out sick individuals
from The Nest from The Colony and keeps
the colony healthy and more recently
we've been studying resins that bees
collect from plants so bees fly to some
plants and they scrape these very very
sticky resins off the leaves and they
take them back to the nest where they
cement them into the nest architecture
where we call it
propolis we found that propolis is a
natural disinfectant it's a natural
antibiotic it kills off bacteria and
molds and other germs within the colony
and so it bolsters the colony health and
their social immunity humans have known
about the power of propolis since
Biblical times we've been harvesting
propolis out of bee
colonies uh for human medicine but we
didn't know how good it was for the bees
so honey bees have these remarkable
natural defenses that have kept them
healthy and thriving for over 50 million
years so 7 years ago when honeybee
colonies were reported to be dying in
Mass first in the United States it was
clear that there was something really
really wrong in our Collective
conscience in a really Primal way we
know we can't afford to lose
bees so what's going
on bees are dying from multiple and
interacting causes and I'll go through
each of these the bottom line is bees
dying reflects a flowerless landscape
and a dysfunctional food system
now we have the best data on honeybees
so I'll use them as an example in the
United States bees in fact have been in
Decline since World War II we have half
the number of managed hives in the
United States now compared to 1945 we're
down to about 2 million hives of bees we
think and the reason is after World War
II we changed our farming practices we
stopped planting cover crops we stopped
planting clo and alala which are natural
fertilizers that fix nitrogen in the
soil and instead we started using
synthetic fertilizers Clover and Alfalfa
are highly nutritious food plants for
bees and after World War II we started
using herbicides to kill off the weeds
in our Farms many of these weeds are
flowering plants that bees require for
their survival and we started growing
larger and larger crop mono
cultures now we talk about food deserts
places in our cities neighborhoods that
have no grocery stores the very Farms
that used to sustain bees are now
agricultural food deserts dominated by
one or two plant species like corn and
soybeans since World War II we have been
systematically eliminating many of the
flowering plants that bees need for
their
survival and these mono cultures extend
even to crops that are good for bees
like almonds 50 years ago beekeepers
would take a few colonies hives of bees
into the Almond Orchards for pollination
and also because the pollen in an Almond
Blossom is really high in protein it's
really good for
bees now the scale of almond monoculture
demands that most of our nation's bees
over 1.5 million hives of bees be
transported
Across the Nation to pollinate this one
crop and they're trucked in in semi
loads and they must be trucked out
because after bloom the Almond orchards
are a vast and flowerless
landscape bees have been dying over the
last 50 years and we're planting more
crops that need them there has been a
300% increase in Crop Production that
requires be pollination
and then there's
pesticides after World War II we started
using pesticides on a large scale and
this became necessary because of the
monocultures that put out a feast for
crop
pests recently researchers from Penn
State University have started looking at
the pesticide residue in the loads of
pollen that bees carry home as food and
they found that every batch of pollen
that a honey collects has at least six
detectable pesticides in it and this
includes every class of
insecticides
herbicides fungicides and even an inert
and unlabeled ingredients that are part
of the pesticide formulation that can be
more toxic than the active
ingredient this small bee is holding up
a large mirror how much is it going to
take to contamin at
humans one of these class of
insecticides the neonicotinoids is
making headlines around the world right
now you've probably heard about it this
is a new class of insecticides it moves
through the plant so that a crop pest a
leaf eating insect would take a bite of
the plant and get a lethal dose and
die if one of these neonic we call them
is applied in a high concentration such
as in this ground application enough of
the compound moves through the plant and
gets into the pollen and the nectar
where a bee can consume in this case a
high dose of this neurotoxin that makes
the bee twitch and
die in most agricultural settings on
most of our Farms it's only the seed
that's coated with the insecticide and
so a smaller concentration moves through
the plant and gets into the pollen enor
and if a bee consumes this lower dose
either nothing happens or the bee
becomes intoxicated and disoriented and
she may not find her way
home and on top of everything else bees
have their own set of diseases and
parasites Public Enemy Number One for
bees is this thing it's called veroa
Destructor it's aptly named it's this
big blood sucking parasite that
compromises the bees immune system and
circulates
viruses let me put this all together for
you I don't know what it feels like to a
bee to have a big blood sucking parasite
running around on it and I don't know
what it feels like to a be to have a
virus but I do know what it feels like
when I have a virus the flu and I know
how difficult it is for me to get to the
grocery store to get good
nutrition but what if I lived in a food
desert and what if I had to travel a
long distance to get to the grocery
store and I finally got my weak body out
there and I consumed in my food enough
of a pesticide neurotoxin that I
couldn't find my way home and this is
what we mean by multiple and interacting
causes of
death and it's not just our honey bees
all of our beautiful wild species of
bees are at risk including those tomato
pollinating bumblebees these bees are
providing backup for honeybees they're
providing the pollination Insurance
alongside our honey bees we need all of
our bees so what are are we going to do
what are we going to do about this big
bee bummer that we've
created it turns out it's hopeful it's
hopeful every one of you out there can
help bees in two very direct and easy
ways plant bee friendly
flowers and don't contaminate these
flowers this beef food with
pesticides so go online and search for
flowers that are native to your area and
plant them plant them in a pot on your
doorstep plant them in your front yard
in your lawns in your boulevards
campaign to have them planted in public
gardens Community spaces Meadows set
aside Farmland we need a beautiful
diversity of flowers that blooms over
the entire growing season from Spring to
Fall we need roadsides seated in flowers
for our bees but also for migrating
butterflies and birds and other
wildlife and we need to think carefully
about putting back in cover crops to
nourish our soil and nourish our
bees and we need to diversify our Farms
we need to plant flowering crop borders
and hedge RS to disrupt the agricultural
food desert and begin to correct the
dysfunctional food system that we've
created so maybe it's seems like a
really small countermeasure to a big
huge problem just go plant flowers but
when bees have access to good nutrition
we have access to good nutrition through
their pollination services and when bees
have access to good nutrition they're
better able to engage their own natural
defenses their health care that they've
relied on for millions of
years so the beauty of helping bees this
way for me is that
every one of us needs to behave a little
bit more like a bee Society an insect
Society where each of our individual
actions can contribute to a grand
solution an emergent property that's
much greater than the mere sum of our
individual
actions so let the small Act of planting
flowers and keeping them free of
pesticides be The Driver of large scale
change on behalf of the bees thank
[Applause]
you thank you just uh a quick question
the latest numbers on the on the die off
of bees is there any sign of things
bottoming out what's your hope SL
depression level on this yeah at least
in the United States an average of 30%
of all beehives are lost every winter
about 20 years ago we were at a 15% loss
so it's getting precarious that's not
30% a year that's 30 yes 30% a year but
then beekeepers are able to divide their
colonies and so they can maintain the
same number they can recuperate some of
their loss it we're kind of at a Tipping
Point we can't really afford to lose
that many more we need to be really
appreciative of all the beekeepers out
there thank you
[Music]
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
¿POR QUÉ LA ABEJA ES EL SER VIVO MÁS IMPORTANTE DEL PLANETA?
Bayer y las abejas | DW Documental
Louie Schwartzberg La belleza oculta de la polinización. Coevolución Darwiniana.
DOCUMENTAL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO🔺POSIBLES SOLUCIONES🔺 PLANETA TIERRA
Bulos y certezas. ¿Por qué dudamos de la ciencia? | DW Documental
¿Cuántas especies de abejas nativas y mariposas nativas hay en Uruguay?
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)