Human Flourishing | Science, Technology and Society | NGEC 7 | Errol Karl Gumagay
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the human condition in relation to science, technology, and society. It introduces the concept of 'ikigai', the Japanese term for reason for being, which aligns with achieving happiness or 'eudaimonia'. The script discusses the scientific method, empiricism, and experimentation, contrasting them with verification and falsification theories. It also addresses the impact of science and technology on society, questioning the sustainability of growth and the potential crises caused by technological advancement, ending with a call to rethink our perception of a good life.
Takeaways
- đ The video discusses the intersection of human condition, science, technology, and society, emphasizing how they relate and impact each other.
- đ It introduces the concept of 'ikigai', a Japanese term for finding one's reason for being, which is the intersection of what one is good at, loves, what the world needs, and what one can be paid for.
- đ§ The video explores the human quest for truth in science and how it aligns with personal and societal motivations, referencing historical figures like Copernicus and Einstein.
- đ± The script touches on the idea of 'eudaimonia' or human flourishing, suggesting that achieving a balance and contributing to society is key to happiness.
- đŹ It explains the scientific method and its steps, highlighting the importance of empiricism and experimentation in the pursuit of knowledge.
- đ The video contrasts two philosophies of science: verification theory, which demands measurable and repeatable results, and falsification theory, which focuses on non-disproof of theories.
- đïž It discusses the social dimension of science, suggesting that science's value is not only in its knowledge but also in its contribution to societal progress.
- đ° The script presents a scenario to illustrate the appeal of results in science, questioning whether the outcome justifies the method, even if it's not strictly scientific.
- đł The video addresses the unsustainable nature of economic growth and its impact on the environment, suggesting a need for a more sustainable approach to development.
- đż It introduces the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for global progress that considers social, economic, and environmental aspects.
- đ€ The video concludes by encouraging a reevaluation of what constitutes a 'good life', suggesting that the current technological and economic paradigms may not align with true human flourishing.
Q & A
What does the term 'ikigai' signify in the context of the video?
-In the video, 'ikigai' is a Japanese term that refers to one's reason for being, which is achieved when what one is good at, what one can be paid for, what the world needs, and what one loves intersect.
How does the video relate the concept of human flourishing to science and technology?
-The video connects human flourishing to science and technology by discussing how individuals seek eudaimonia or the peak of happiness through their engagement with science, which is a methodical way of gaining knowledge, and technology, which are tools emerging from scientific knowledge.
What are the four circles in the Venn diagram discussed in the video, and what do they represent?
-The four circles in the Venn diagram represent: 1) What we are good at, 2) What we love, 3) What the world needs, and 4) What we can be paid for. Their intersections symbolize different aspects of human fulfillment: passion, mission, vocation, and profession.
What is the significance of the scientific method in the video's discussion?
-The scientific method is significant as it outlines a systematic approach to gaining knowledge, which is essential for scientists in their pursuit of truth and contributing to the body of knowledge that benefits society.
How does the video address the debate between verification theory and falsification theory in the philosophy of science?
-The video addresses the debate by presenting verification theory as a criterion that requires measurable and repeatable results, while falsification theory suggests that a theory should be accepted unless proven false. It also points out the limitations of both theories in definitively categorizing a discipline as scientific.
What is the role of empiricism and experimentation in the scientific method as discussed in the video?
-Empiricism and experimentation play a crucial role in the scientific method as they involve direct observation and testing of theories to verify their truthfulness and applicability, which are key to the advancement of scientific knowledge.
How does the video suggest that the pursuit of scientific knowledge can lead to a sense of uselessness or emptiness?
-The video suggests that the pursuit of scientific knowledge can lead to a sense of uselessness or emptiness when the intersection of what one is good at, what one loves, and what one is paid for does not align with what the world needs or what one is passionate about.
What is the video's perspective on the relationship between science, technology, and societal needs?
-The video posits that while science and technology are often seen as means to achieve societal needs and personal fulfillment, there is a need to consider their impact on the environment and the sustainability of growth, suggesting a reevaluation of what constitutes a good life.
How does the video critique the concept of 'growth for all' in the context of sustainable development?
-The video critiques the concept of 'growth for all' by highlighting its unsustainable nature, given the finite resources of the Earth, and suggests that rapid technological growth can lead to environmental degradation and exploitation.
What is the significance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mentioned in the video?
-The SDGs are significant as they represent a global commitment to addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges in a sustainable manner, aiming to 'leave no one behind,' which contrasts with the previous focus on developing countries alone.
Outlines
đ The Human Condition and Ikigai
The paragraph introduces the concept of the human condition in relation to science, technology, and society. It discusses how individuals find satisfaction, delight, and a sense of purpose through the intersection of their skills, passions, societal needs, and financial rewards. The term 'ikigai' is introduced as the Japanese concept of reason for being, which is the intersection of these four elements. The paragraph also links the human condition to the pursuit of truth in science, as exemplified by historical figures like Copernicus and Einstein, and how their inquiries into the truth align with the concept of 'the good' in Aristotelian philosophy.
đŹ The Scientific Method and Empiricism
This section delves into the scientific method, which is portrayed as a systematic approach to knowledge acquisition. It outlines the steps involved, from observation to experimentation, emphasizing objectivity and the avoidance of bias. The paragraph introduces empiricism, which posits that all knowledge is derived from experience, and experimentation, which tests the validity of scientific theories. It contrasts two schools of thought regarding what qualifies as science: the verification theory, which requires measurable and repeatable results, and the falsification theory, which is more lenient and focuses on non-disproven theories that best explain phenomena.
đ Science, Philosophy, and Social Impact
The paragraph explores the blurred lines between science and philosophy and the criteria that distinguish them. It discusses the verification and falsification theories' limitations and how they can prematurely dismiss or accept scientific theories. The introduction of a new perspective on science is highlighted, which focuses on its social dimension and its role in benefiting society. The paragraph also touches on the public's perception of science based on results and how other disciplines can produce similar outcomes, questioning the uniqueness of science in delivering definitive results.
đł Sustainability and the Human-Technology Relationship
This section addresses the impact of technological growth on sustainability and the environment. It critiques the concept of 'growth for all' as unsustainable and discusses the rapid pace of technological advancement that outstrips nature's recovery. The paragraph presents a scenario of environmental disaster and the potential for human extinction due to overconsumption and exploitation of resources. It calls for a shift in perspective towards a sustainable world and highlights the role of leadership and collective action in addressing these crises.
đ Reevaluating Success and the Role of Science and Technology
The final paragraph questions the traditional measures of success, particularly in the context of science and technology. It challenges the notion that technological advancement and economic growth are inherently positive, suggesting that they may lead to negative consequences. The paragraph introduces the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a new framework for global progress that aims to 'leave no one behind.' It concludes by emphasizing the need to redefine what it means to flourish in the face of technological advancement and environmental challenges.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄIkigai
đĄEudaimonia
đĄScientific Method
đĄEmpiricism
đĄExperimentation
đĄVerification Theory
đĄFalsification Theory
đĄSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
đĄGross Domestic Product (GDP)
đĄHuman Flourishing
Highlights
Exploration of the human condition through a Venn diagram representing skills, passions, societal needs, and financial rewards.
Definition and significance of 'ikigai', the Japanese concept of finding one's reason for being.
The relationship between human flourishing (eudaimonia) and the pursuit of truth in science.
Introduction to the scientific method and its role in objectivity and knowledge acquisition.
Explanation of empiricism and its focus on experience as the source of all knowledge.
Discussion on experimentation as a means to test the validity of scientific theories.
Critique of the verification theory and its limitations in scientific progress.
Falsification theory presented as an alternative to verification, allowing for provisional acceptance of theories.
The social dimension of science, emphasizing its role in benefiting society.
The paradox of science not always guaranteeing definitive results compared to other disciplines.
The influence of science and technology education on career choices and societal expectations.
Analysis of the unsustainable nature of 'growth for all' and its environmental implications.
The role of technology in accelerating environmental decline and the need for a sustainable approach.
The challenge of aligning economic growth with social progress and environmental sustainability.
Introduction of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for global development.
The need to redefine human flourishing in the context of science, technology, and environmental stewardship.
Call to action for the current generation to lead in creating a sustainable world through science and technology.
Transcripts
good day nexters and welcome to episode
2 of this series
on science technology and society
in the previous video we have discussed
how science and technology
evolve from something out of nothing
in today's session we will discuss how
human beings condition
relates to science technology
and society
[Music]
to start our discussion of the human
condition we explore this
venn diagram it is composed of four
circles
indicating what we are good at what we
love
what the world needs and what we can be
paid for we also see here the
intersection
between what we are good at and what we
love
refers to our passion what we love
and what the world needs is our mission
what the world needs and what we can be
paid for
is our vocation and what we can be paid
for
and what we are good at is our
profession
okay when what we are good at what we
love
and what we are paid for intersect
we experience satisfaction but also a
feeling of uselessness
for what we are doing is not what the
world needs
when what we are good at what we love
and what the world needs intersect we
experience
delight and fullness but no wealth
when what we love what the world needs
and what we are paid for intersect
we experience excitement and complacency
but also a sense of uncertainty for it
is not
what we are good at when what the world
needs
what we can be paid for and what we are
good at
intersect we experience comfort
but also a feeling of emptiness because
it is not
what we love only when these four
intersect what we are good at
what we can be paid for what the world
needs
and what we love does we find
our ikigai ikigai is a japanese term
which means our reason for being
now we started with the discussion on
ikigai since each human being
has his or her own idea of what success
is
for some it is finding their profession
for others their passion still for
others
their mission well for others it is
their vocation others will be the
intersection of the three circles
and lastly for others their ikigai
as we may have observed finding one's
ikigai may be associated with achieving
the pinnacle of happiness the summit
or the peak of happiness for which
aristotel
calls eudaimonia being good spirited or
otherwise known as
human flourishing now
how is this condition of human beings
connected
to science technology and society
let's find out in case of base from our
previous discussions in chapter one we
may recall that
human beings specifically scientists
are in search for what is true
and in their search they are actually
using science
nicolas copernicus may have asked
himself is the sun really at the center
of the universe
our very own areas may have inquired
will einstein's theory be correct when
applied in a cosmological scale
ramon cabanas barba may have questions
domingos have to be available only from
march to june
these simple and yet intriguing
questions may have popped
from the minds of these scientists
prompting them
to seek the truth and as a consequence
find what is
good thus the phrase
the good is inherently related to the
truth
good in this sense may it be for him or
her as a self-centric motivation
for example being known for that
particular discovery
or for the society as a community
centric
motivation being able to help the
society and add
to the body of knowledge in aristotle's
eyes
self-centered eudaimonia was the
objective
as time passes by particularly in
today's setting
finding balance is key achieving human
flourishing
or yodaimonya or the summit of happiness
in a global perspective while also being
a man of the world now
let's talk about science which is
basically the stepping stone
used by scientists in their endeavors to
achieve
eudaimonia in the previous video we
discussed that science is a methodical
way
of gaining knowledge now shown here
is the scientific method it involves the
following series of steps
from top to bottom okay
so by following these steps science for
the most part
has the reputation of being objective
absolving it from any accusation of
prejudice or
bias now the following procedure or
steps
introduces the students of science to
empiricism and
experimentation okay now these are
probably very alien words so let's let's
dig deeper
and evict an empiricism at
especially particularly on the view of
science so empiricism
is the view that all concepts originate
in experience that all concepts are
about
or applicable to things that can be
experienced
or that all rationally acceptable
beliefs or propositions
are justifiable or knowable only
through experience as such
empirical evidence is associated
with the record of one's direct
observations
or experiences
experimentation on the other hand is the
best known way
to test the veracity or truthfulness
of scientific theories eliminate
alternative explanations engineer novel
solutions
to practical problems and provide clues
to the cause or causes of an effect
otherwise known as causal inference
so when you say experimental it refers
to an idea
which has not been tested and proven to
work
it takes a significant amount of time to
collect enough data
to determine if a particular product
being tested
meets the desired standards on the other
hand
empirical refers to studies
based solely on available data
evidence and performance of the product
being studied
to determine if it meets the expected
standards
enough on the subject of empiricism and
experimentation
now there are two school of thoughts
which arose because of the thin
line between what science is what
philosophy is
and what should the science is
meaning being false pretended
or not real science as we have discussed
science is directly related to knowledge
well philosophy is the love of
wisdom now the first school of thought
considers a discipline is science
if its results are measurable and
experiments are repeatable
in a sense there must be available data
and this may directly refer to a
scientific law
since results are true every time
now this criterion that distinguishes
philosophy and science
is what is called the verification
theory okay and this has been supported
by an elite group of scientists
known as the vienna circle in other
words for verification theory
it is it to see is to believe to observe
is to believe
to experience is to believe school of
thought
now the downside to this theory is its
ability to shut down several budding
theories prematurely
for example einstein's theory of gravity
einstein conceived the theory through
his thought experiments
because probably the technology during
that time and the lack of available data
may result to this fury being dismissed
now it would have been to the greatest
regret if the theory was not adopted
as scientific since as we have discussed
in chapter 1
there is significant evidence to show
that the theory stands
within a given margin of error now to
explain the school of thought that
prevails nowadays
let's listen to this
in science we want to test the theories
we know because even if they're great
just like newton's theory was great no
and einstein's theory is
great we know that there can be another
theory
that will be discovered in the future
that will supersede
the current theory that's how science
progresses
[Music]
now this second school of thought
asserts that as long as an
ideology is not proven to be false
and can best explain a phenomenon over
alternative theories
we should accept said ideology
in a sense we could say that
falsification theory
stresses matera matiba
theory now karl popper
is the proponent of this view okay so
note that even though theoretically
falsification method is more accepted
nowadays
probably because of its degree of
leniency
to what is accepted a science or not
scientists are not convinced that it
should be regarded
as what makes a discipline scientific
this was actually a risk since there are
disciplines considered to be science
which are not falsifiable
for example sigmund freud's
psychoanalysis
this method falsification method also
presents certain dangers
by interpreting an otherwise independent
evidence
in light of a scientist
pet fury now this begs the question
if a discipline which passed through the
filters of verification and
falsification
are still not a hundred percent regarded
as scientific
then what is
okay so due to the inconclusiveness of
verification theory and falsification
theory
in identifying whether a discipline can
be considered science or not
a new school of thought emerged on
science
now not relying on results but on its
social dimension so a view in which
science and technology is for society
in other words a view in which the body
of knowledge science
and the tools technology that came forth
or emerged
as a result of those knowledge are used
for the benefit
of society as a result it presents an
alternative notion of science
that goes beyond what must be accepted
or not accepted as knowledge
or which theory is better than the other
it projects science in a different light
as a manifestation of shared experience
forging solidarity among communities
now having discussed what makes a
discipline scientific
through the rigors of verification
falsification and in consideration of
its social dimension
we now come to a point of considering
science and results
the science results to something that
the ordinary
one feels that even an ordinary
one can appreciate okay
so let's have a scenario imagine an
imaginary character
let's call him joe joe has 800 pesos
he invested this amount and in two weeks
he was able to make this
800 pesos to a whopping 350 million
pesos okay so 800 pesos
in two weeks snagging 350 million pesos
now joe comes to you asking if you want
to invest
will you allow to manage your money so
probably there is great
possibility that you will okay you have
seen his results from 89350 million
okay now this imagined scenario is
actually true to life
and it is not in pesos it is in dollars
andrew carlson was able to pull this off
as he claims to have time traveled from
the year
2256 now bearing this scenario in mind
people who do not understand science are
won over in a particular discipline is
able to produce results
i mean who makes 350 million dollars in
two weeks from 800
right disciplines such as religion luck
human randomness superstitious beliefs
also produce results that win its
followers
and supporters over to conclude
science does not monopolize the claim
for definite results if science doesn't
claim unanimity
of being the source of truth where are
societies
drawn or magnetized to it why do most of
our learners
take science degree courses we hear
bachelor of science
in marine transportation bachelor of
science
in marine engineering and all other
bachelor of sciences
okay so perhaps one might infer or
predict
that there are more demand for
professionals in the science and
technology field
making students and parents
pre-conditioned
that the field would later land them
high-paying jobs
and lucrative career after graduation
here we take a look at a familiar slide
on chapter one
science as education
connecting the dots a true diamond or a
person seeking the pinnacle of happiness
must excel in various dimensions
in other words must be holistic
the problem is as man seeks and finds
the state of becoming a you diamond
as human beings amass knowledge
and were able to create technologies
that would benefit society
somehow a looming threat or crisis
is approaching which shows itself in the
guise
of development an example of this
is during the year 2000 the new
millennium
where leaders acted on good faith to
promote
growth for all well the idea of growth
for all
is positive to the ears okay it actually
sounds good
to the ears it actually presents an
illusion
that clouds are vision since our world
the earth particularly its resources
can only provide so much and cannot be
expected to stretch out
for everybody's consumption for a long
period of time
in other words growth for all growth for
all developing countries
is unsustainable
it cannot be sustained the rapid pace of
technological growth allows no room for
nature to recover
you may think about the trees that take
years to grow and only takes a day
or two to be cut okay as such this
growth that we are talking about
may actually be fatal resulting in
exploitation and irreversible damages
to nature to illustrate this scenario
let's watch this clip
the weather and the climate are making
news in more than one reach severe
flooding has killed at least 72 people
under siege in the grip of unmitigated
catastrophe
the evidence is now clear
industrial civilization has caused
irreparable damage
our political and corporate leaders have
consistently ignored the overwhelming
scientific evidence
not only is it the 11th hour it's 11 59.
what we saw with katrina is just
prologued worse is yet to come
the u.n estimates that by the middle of
the century there may be 150 million
environmental refugees
there are too many of us using too many
resources too fast
the problem is that every living system
is in decline
and the rate of decline is accelerated
the tragedy
is the potential extinction of humankind
we face a convergence of crises
all of which are concerned for life
[Music]
will our pivotal generation create a
sustainable world in time
people need to realize there are things
they can do in their everyday lives
everybody making a change
adds up to something meaningful our
project today
is the welfare of all of life as a
practical objective
with existing technologies we could
literally reduce the human footprint on
planet earth by 90
we have to imagine what it would be like
to redesign design itself
these are not technical issues nearly as
much
as their leadership issues there was a
time when republicans and democrats
joined to pass
major environmental laws 500 years out
people look back at this time that this
was our finest hour
what a great time to be born what a
great time to be alive
because this generation gets to
completely change
this world
so today we are seeing increased gross
domestic product
or gdp among countries but does it
translate to the betterment of the lives
of its citizens
what's their social progress
this is why in the previous chapter we
actually stressed
that we will arrive to a point in our
discussion
that we will begin to question whether
science and technology
is advantageous or disadvantageous
to society moving forward
so in year 2016 another set of goals was
made
well the mdgs or the millennium
development goals are produced by a
group of experts
the new set of goals is a result of a
consortium
of 193 member states to the united
nations
civil society and other stakeholders
while mdg is focused on developing
countries
the new set of goals on the sdg are
applicable to all countries
we now welcome
the sustainable development goals with
their motto
leave no one behind and only time will
tell
whether these goals will have a better
and felt effect
by the society in our case the ordinary
one that we are talking about a while
ago
okay so as assamari human flourishing is
defined as being good-spirited in the
classical aristotelian notion
human beings have their own biases as to
what it means
to flourish or succeed although in the
advent of science and technology
majority associate human flourishing to
technology
and its results since it makes life
faster more comfortable and convenient
science and its results on the other
hand are questioned
in comparison to technology since there
are other disciplines
that could provide the same knowledge or
explanation
finally economic perception of growth is
flawed
as it is heavily fueled by technology
and should be impeded or stopped there
is a challenge to rethink our perception
of a good life as we may have to let go
of our own perceptions
of what is good as it may turn out to be
bad
and that ends this video and our next
episode will be
about technology as a way of
revealing again thank you for watching
this episode if you found this video
helpful
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the next one
you
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