Nationalism in INDIA | 10 Minutes Rapid Revision | Class 10 SST

Summary

This script delves into the Indian National Movement's evolution after Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa in 1915. It discusses key movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience, highlighting the participation and limitations within. The script also touches on cultural unification efforts and the impact of figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Rabindranath Tagore. It explores the challenges faced, including caste and religious divisions, and the role of cultural expressions in fostering a collective identity and resistance against British rule.

Takeaways

• 📜 The chapter 'Nationalism in India' explains how the Indian National Movement evolved after Mahatma Gandhi's return to India in 1915.
• ✊ Two key movements discussed are the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, focusing on participation, limitations, and impact.
• 🪖 The First World War increased British defense expenses, leading to higher taxes in India, making life difficult for citizens, which united them against British rule.
• 🚶‍♂️ Mahatma Gandhi introduced the principle of Satyagraha, promoting truth and non-violence to fight against oppression, which he first applied successfully in local movements like Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad.
• 📅 Gandhi launched a nationwide movement against the Rowlatt Act in April 1919, which resulted in the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre, forcing Gandhi to pause the movement.
• 🇮🇳 Gandhi later tied the Khilafat issue with the Non-Cooperation Movement, calling for a withdrawal of cooperation from the British, which gained widespread participation across India in 1921.
• ⚔️ The Non-Cooperation Movement saw varied interpretations and responses in different regions, including violent actions in some areas, leading Gandhi to call off the movement after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.
• 🏞️ The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 began with the Salt March, where Gandhi defied British laws by making salt, symbolizing India's fight against unjust colonial policies.
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Diverse groups, including peasants, women, industrialists, and workers, participated in the movements, each with their own motivations, but there were internal conflicts over goals like land revenue and rent.
• 🎨 Cultural elements like folk tales, songs, poems, and symbols, including flags, helped unite the people and create a sense of collective identity, playing a crucial role in the movement for independence.

Q & A

What significant event did the Indian National Movement undergo after Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa?

After Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa in 1915, the Indian National Movement underwent significant changes, including the adoption of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience as key strategies.

What were the two major movements that involved participation from various sections of society during the Indian independence struggle?

The two major movements were the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, which involved participation from diverse groups including teachers, students, lawyers, and the general public.

How did World War I impact the Indian economy and society according to the script?

World War I led to an increase in taxes, a rise in the prices of goods, and a difficult living situation for the common people in India. It also resulted in the forced recruitment of Indians into the British army.

What was the Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad movements' significance in the Indian independence struggle?

The Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad movements were significant regional successes that demonstrated the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, which were later adopted in the nationwide movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.

What was the Rowlatt Act, and how did it lead to the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement?

The Rowlatt Act was a legislation passed by the British Imperial Legislative Council that allowed the authorities to arrest and detain any nationalist leader without trial for two years. This act sparked widespread civil disobedience, leading to the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement.

What was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and how did it influence the Indian independence movement?

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a tragic event where General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar, leading to numerous casualties. This brutality intensified the call for Indian independence and further fueled the non-cooperation movement.

What was the Non-Cooperation Movement's strategy, and how did it involve different segments of society?

The Non-Cooperation Movement's strategy was to boycott British goods, institutions, and titles. It involved various segments of society, including teachers, students, lawyers, and the general public, who participated by boycotting courts, schools, and British goods.

How did the Civil Disobedience Movement differ from the Non-Cooperation Movement in terms of its goals and methods?

The Civil Disobedience Movement focused on breaking British laws nonviolently, such as the Salt Satyagraha, where Mahatma Gandhi led a march to make salt from the sea in defiance of the British salt tax. It differed from the Non-Cooperation Movement in that it involved direct acts of civil disobedience rather than just boycotts and nonviolent protests.

What were the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement as mentioned in the script?

The limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement included the lack of a unified response from different segments of society, the economic hardships caused by boycotts, and the violent reactions from the British authorities, which led to a loss of momentum and eventually a call for the movement's suspension.

What was the impact of the Simon Commission on Indian politics, and how did it lead to the demand for complete independence?

The Simon Commission, which arrived in India to recommend constitutional reforms but did not include any Indian members, was seen as a symbol of British disregard for Indian aspirations. This led to widespread protests and eventually the demand for complete independence, culminating in the Purna Swaraj declaration.

How did cultural movements and figures like Rabindranath Tagore contribute to the Indian independence movement?

Cultural movements and figures like Rabindranath Tagore played a significant role by promoting a sense of national identity and pride. They used art, literature, and cultural expressions to inspire and unite people, reinforcing the collective belonging and the struggle for independence.