What is Research?

PHILO-notes
5 Nov 202004:41

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the multifaceted nature of research, highlighting the lack of consensus on a single definition. It references various scholars' perspectives, from systematic investigation to empirical and critical inquiry. Despite the differing views, a working definition emerges: research as a scientific exploration aimed at discovering or interpreting new facts, potentially revising existing theories. The script underscores the importance of scientific rigor, distinguishing research from mere fact-gathering and emphasizing the empirical foundation of science as a method for testing hypotheses.

Takeaways

  • 🔬 Research is not universally defined, with scholars offering varying perspectives on its meaning.
  • 📚 The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary views research as a systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
  • 🔍 Frederick Kerlinger defines research as a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions.
  • 🧐 Paul Leedy presents a utilitarian view, defining research as a procedure to find answers or solutions with demonstrable facts.
  • 🔎 Despite differences, a working definition sees research as a scientific investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting new facts.
  • 📉 New facts from research can lead to revisions or rejections of existing theories or laws.
  • 🔬 Research employs rigorous and questioning techniques, necessitating a scientific method.
  • đŸš« Any inquiry lacking scientific rigor cannot be strictly called research, such as mere fact-gathering.
  • đŸ§Ș Scientific rigor implies the use of the highest standards and best practices of science.
  • 🌐 Science originated as a method to answer questions about nature through direct examination, rather than relying on dogmas or superstitions.
  • 🔑 Karl Popper suggests that science is about rigorously testing proposed solutions to problems.

Q & A

  • What is the general definition of research according to the transcript?

    -Research is generally defined as the scientific investigation of a problem or gap, which aims at the discovery or interpretation of new facts.

  • How does the Oxford English Dictionary define research?

    -The Oxford English Dictionary defines research as the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

  • What is Frederick Kerlinger's perspective on research?

    -Frederick Kerlinger defines research as the systematic, controlled empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about presumed relations among natural phenomena.

  • How does Paul Leedy define research?

    -Paul Leedy defines research as a procedure by which we attempt to find systematically, and with the support of demonstrable facts, the answer to a question or the resolution of a problem.

  • What is meant by 'scientific rigor' in the context of research?

    -Scientific rigor refers to the implementation of the highest standards and best practices of science, involving systematic attempts to rationally categorize or explain empirical investigations.

  • Why is it incorrect to use the term 'research' for mere fact-gathering?

    -Using the term 'research' for mere fact-gathering is incorrect because it lacks the scientific rigor that is necessary for a true research process.

  • What is the role of empirical observation in science according to B.R. Hergenhan?

    -According to B.R. Hergenhan, empirical observations are the ultimate authority in science, as they involve the direct observation of nature.

  • How does Karl Popper define science?

    -Karl Popper defines science as a way of testing rigorously the proposed solutions to a problem.

  • What is the importance of categorizing observations in scientific research?

    -Categorizing observations is important in scientific research because it helps to organize and note similarities and differences among them, which is crucial for further analysis and explanation.

  • Can research lead to the revision or rejection of accepted theories or laws?

    -Yes, research can lead to the revision or even rejection of accepted theories or laws when new facts are discovered or interpreted that contradict or challenge existing knowledge.

  • What are the key elements that differentiate research from other types of inquiry?

    -The key elements that differentiate research from other types of inquiry include its systematic nature, the use of scientific methods, and the requirement of scientific rigor.

Outlines

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Keywords

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Highlights

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Transcripts

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Étiquettes Connexes
Research MethodsScientific InquiryEmpirical ObservationHypothesis TestingTheoretical RevisionProblem SolvingKnowledge DiscoverySystematic InvestigationRigorous StandardsScientific Authority
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