Letusannya 30.000 kali dari Ledakan Bomb Atom Hiroshima, Inilah Krakatau

Summary

Krakatau, known internationally as Krakatoa, is an active volcanic island in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. It's part of the Ujung Kulon National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The 1883 eruption was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events, causing global climate changes and lowering temperatures. The eruption led to tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds, and the temporary dimming of the sun. Krakatau's geological history includes the ancient Krakatoa, which erupted around 535 CE, and the emergence of 'Anak Krakatau' in 1927, which has been active since.

Takeaways

• 🌋 Krakatau, also known as Rakata, is an active volcanic island located between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.
• 🏞️ The Krakatau archipelago is a protected area, declared a national park in 1980 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.
• 🔍 The volcanic system of Krakatau originated from a single volcanic mountain that erupted catastrophically in the past.
• 🌍 The 1883 eruption of Krakatau is one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history, causing global climate changes.
• 🌡️ The eruption led to a significant drop in global temperatures, with the average summer temperature in the Northern Hemisphere dropping by 0.4 degrees Celsius.
• 🌅 The aftermath of the eruption resulted in spectacular sunsets worldwide, as documented by the English artist William Ascroft.
• 📈 The eruption of Krakatau was the first natural disaster to have a truly global impact, coinciding with the rapid development of telegraph and undersea cable communications.
• 🗻 The original Krakatau mountain, known as Krakatau Pasha, was estimated to have been 2000 meters high before its catastrophic eruption in 535 CE.
• 🌿 The 1883 eruption completely destroyed most of the island, and the area has since regenerated into a lush forest and is now part of Ujung Kulon National Park.
• 📊 The eruption released an estimated 200 megatons of energy, equivalent to about 4 times the power of the largest thermonuclear bomb ever detonated.

Q & A

What is Krakatau and where is it located?

Krakatau, also known as Rakata, is an active volcanic island located in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra. Administratively, it falls within the district of Lampung Selatan, province of Lampung, Indonesia.

When was Krakatau declared a national park?

Krakatau was declared a national park in 1980, and along with Ujung Kulon National Park, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.

What are the four islands that make up the Krakatau archipelago?

The Krakatau archipelago consists of four islands: Pulau Sertung, Pulau Anak Krakatau, Pulau Rakata, and Pulau Panjang, which is sometimes also referred to as Pulau Rakata Kecil.

What was the significance of the 1883 eruption of Krakatau?

The 1883 eruption of Krakatau was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history. It caused global climate changes, leading to cooler temperatures and reduced sunlight worldwide for years after the eruption.

How did the 1883 Krakatau eruption impact the global climate?

The 1883 Krakatau eruption led to a significant drop in average summer temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere by about 0.4 degrees Celsius and caused the sun to appear dimmer for months due to the fine volcanic ash in the atmosphere.

What is the historical significance of the Krakatau eruption in terms of human population and technology?

The Krakatau eruption in 1883 was the first natural disaster in history whose impact was truly felt worldwide, coinciding with the growth of telegraph and undersea cable communications, indicating the rapid development of information technology at the time.

What is the geological origin of the Krakatau islands?

The Krakatau islands originated from a single volcanic system, the Krakatau volcano, which had a catastrophic eruption in the past. The current islands are remnants of this ancient volcano.

What is the historical record of the Krakatau 'pura' or ancient Krakatau eruption?

The Krakatau 'pura' or ancient Krakatau is believed to have had a massive eruption around 535 CE, which created a large caldera known as the Krakatau 'pura'. This event may have contributed to a period of global cooling and cultural shifts.

How did the 1883 Krakatau eruption compare to other significant eruptions in history?

While the 1883 Krakatau eruption was one of the largest in recorded history, it was not the largest. The eruptions of Mount Tambora in 1815 and the ancient eruption of Mount Samalas or Rinjani in 1257 were more powerful, recording a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7, compared to Krakatau's VEI of 6.

What is the largest volcanic eruption known to have occurred in the area that is now Indonesia?

The largest known volcanic eruption in the area that is now Indonesia was the super-eruption of Mount Toba around 74,000 years ago, also known as the 'super eruption' of Toba. This event caused a severe global volcanic winter and significantly impacted human genetics.

What is the current status of the Krakatau volcano?

Since the 1883 eruption, the Krakatau volcano has been relatively quiet until 1927 when a new volcanic cone, Anak Krakatau, emerged from the caldera. It has been active since, with over 100 eruptions recorded up to the year 2000.