Asal-usul Anak Krakatau

Summary

The Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates, with volcanic activity concentrated along these plates. One of the most active volcanic zones is the 'Ring of Fire,' stretching from the western coast of America through the Aleutian Islands to Asia. Krakatoa, located in the Sunda Strait, erupted in 416 AD, destroying most of the island. The eruption left three small islands: Rakata, Sertung, and Panjang. A major eruption in 1883 destroyed around 60% of Krakatoa, forming a caldera. Continuous volcanic activity led to the formation of Anak Krakatau, a growing island formed by lava flows.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates, which are responsible for most volcanic activity.
• 🔥 The 'Ring of Fire' is one of the most famous volcanic zones, stretching from the Americas, through Alaska, and to Asia.
• 🌋 Krakatau is an island in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, known for its active volcano, which rises to a height of 2000 meters.
• ⏳ Krakatau erupted in 416 CE, causing massive destruction and submerging two-thirds of the island.
• 🏝️ After the eruption, three small islands remained: Rakata, Sertung, and Panjang.
• 💥 Lava growth inside the Rakata caldera led to the formation of two volcanic islands.
• ⚡ On August 27, 1883, a catastrophic eruption destroyed about 60% of Krakatau's central structure.
• 🌊 The eruption created a caldera with a diameter of 7 kilometers, and triggered a tsunami that caused 36,417 fatalities.
• 💣 The eruption's power was equivalent to 21,574 atomic bombs.
• 🌱 From 1927-1929, a volcanic cone emerged below sea level, forming Anak Krakatau, which continues to grow.
• 🌋 Anak Krakatau remains an active volcano, constantly changing the landscape of the region.

Q & A

What is the Earth's crust divided into, and how does it relate to volcanic activity?

The Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates, and much of volcanic activity occurs along the boundaries of these plates, where geological forces are most intense.

What is the 'Ring of Fire,' and where is it located?

The Ring of Fire is a volcanic zone that stretches from the west coast of the Americas, through the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, and down to East Asia. It is known for its high volcanic and seismic activity.

Where is Krakatau located, and what makes it famous?

Krakatau is located in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It is famous for its powerful volcanic eruptions, particularly the catastrophic 1883 eruption.

What was the result of the eruption of Krakatau in 416 AD?

The 416 AD eruption destroyed and submerged over two-thirds of Krakatau, leaving behind three small islands: Rakata, Sertung, and Panjang.

What significant event occurred in 1883 related to Krakatau?

In 1883, a major eruption of Krakatau occurred, destroying about 60% of the island, creating a caldera with a diameter of 7 kilometers. This eruption was so powerful that it was equivalent to 21,574 atomic bombs.

How many people died as a result of the 1883 eruption of Krakatau?

The eruption of Krakatau in 1883 caused the deaths of 36,417 people, most of whom perished due to the resulting tsunami.

What was the aftermath of the 1883 eruption in terms of Krakatau's physical structure?

After the eruption, the central part of Krakatau was destroyed, leaving behind a large caldera. The volcanic activity continued beneath the sea, leading to the formation of a new island, Anak Krakatau.

What is Anak Krakatau, and when did it emerge?

Anak Krakatau (meaning 'Child of Krakatau') is a new volcanic island that emerged between 1927 and 1929 from the caldera created by the 1883 eruption. It continues to grow due to ongoing volcanic eruptions.

How did the lava growth in the caldera contribute to the formation of new islands?

The lava growth in the caldera of Rakata formed two volcanic islands. Over time, this volcanic activity led to the rise of Anak Krakatau, which is still an active volcano.

What makes the volcanic activity in the Sunda Strait particularly dangerous?

The volcanic activity in the Sunda Strait, particularly from Krakatau, is dangerous because of its potential to cause large eruptions and tsunamis. The area's tectonic setting makes it prone to catastrophic events, affecting nearby populations and islands.