Estetika untuk Masyarakat Esthetique
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the evolution of aesthetics from the 18th century to the present, highlighting how the concept has broadened beyond the artistic realm to permeate everyday life. It discusses the historical context of aesthetics, from its philosophical roots with Alexander Baumgarten to the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the perception of beauty. The video also critiques the colonial categorization of art and culture, urging a critical reevaluation of aesthetic values in a globalized, interconnected society.
Takeaways
- đ The 21st century is an aesthetic era where technology like cameras, computers, and the internet have made generative AI accessible, leading to an increased production and consumption of aesthetic ideas and objects.
- đš The term 'aesthetics' has evolved from being limited to artists to being widely used in various fields such as beauty clinics, posing tutorials, and fitness regimes, replacing traditional terms of beauty like 'beautiful' or 'attractive'.
- đ„ The word 'aesthetics' in medical contexts, like anesthesiology, refers to the practice of administering anesthesia to ensure patients do not feel pain or are unconscious during surgery, highlighting the practical application of the term.
- đ The concept of aesthetics as a philosophical discipline was first introduced by Alexander Baumgarten in the mid-18th century, marking a shift from mere sensory experience to a systematic study within philosophy.
- đ The rise of aesthetics is linked to the social changes in Western Europe, including the maturation of the scientific revolution and the onset of the Industrial Revolution, which emphasized the importance of rational thought and mechanical progress.
- đš The establishment of the first public art museums in Europe, such as the Capitol Museum in Rome in 1734, signified the emergence of a middle-class society with an interest in art, leading to a more autonomous categorization of art separate from natural history.
- đ The separation of art and science became more pronounced in the 18th century, with figures like Leonardo da Vinci being an example of the blending of art and science before such distinctions were made.
- đ The Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Science in Batavia (now Jakarta) was a colonial institution that collected cultural artifacts, archaeological findings, and natural specimens, reflecting the colonial categorization of culture and knowledge.
- đż The introduction of the Dutch colonial currency system in Indonesia changed the production patterns of cultural goods, turning them into commodities that could be exchanged for money, thus altering traditional cultural practices.
- đ The colonial knowledge system created a hierarchy that categorized traditional crafts as inferior to Western art forms, perpetuating a Eurocentric view of aesthetics that is still being critiqued and deconstructed today.
- đ Contemporary aesthetic theories are being challenged by anti-colonial perspectives that encourage a critical awareness of the historical biases inherent in Western aesthetic categories, advocating for a more inclusive understanding of beauty and art.
Q & A
What does 'abad ke-21 adalah abad estetik sejak' mean and why is it significant?
-The phrase 'abad ke-21 adalah abad estetik sejak' translates to 'the 21st century is the century of aesthetics since'. It is significant because it suggests that aesthetics have become more accessible and prevalent in the 21st century due to advancements in technology like the internet and generative AI, which have made the production and consumption of aesthetic ideas and objects more common.
How has the term 'estetika' evolved in its usage and what does it imply in contemporary society?
-The term 'estetika', which translates to 'aesthetics', has evolved from being a term limited to artists to one that is more broadly used. It has expanded into various fields such as beauty clinics, posing tutorials, and fitness routines. It is now used as a synonym for qualities like beauty, neatness, attractiveness, and more, indicating a shift in societal values and the importance of aesthetics in everyday life.
What is the role of an anesthesiologist, and how is it related to the concept of aesthetics?
-An anesthesiologist's role is to administer the correct dosage of anesthesia to ensure a patient feels no pain and is unconscious during surgery. This is related to aesthetics as the term 'anestesi' is derived from 'an-' meaning 'without' and 'estetik' meaning 'sensation' or 'perception'. The analogy suggests that the role of an aesthetician might be to awaken awareness or provide a critical perspective on reality from an intuitive perception standpoint.
Who was Alexander Baumgarten and how did he contribute to the field of aesthetics?
-Alexander Baumgarten was a German philosopher who, in the mid-18th century, introduced the term 'aesthetics' in his book published around 1750. He transformed the meaning of 'esthetic' from a description of sensory experience to a new branch of philosophy, providing a systematic approach to dissect the effects of human sensibility.
How did the scientific revolution and industrial revolution influence the development of aesthetics?
-The scientific revolution and the industrial revolution, which began in the late 17th century and continued into the 18th century, influenced the development of aesthetics by fostering a society obsessed with mechanical progress, scientific research, and rational thought. This led to the emergence of aesthetic thinking as important and critical during that era, arguing that knowledge also stems from feelings, sensations, and intuitive perception.
What is the significance of the first public museum of art in Europe, and when was it established?
-The first public museum of art in Europe, the Capitol Museum, was established in Rome in 1734. Its significance lies in the emergence of an art-loving or aesthetic society from the middle and upper classes who began to have access to view, enjoy, and evaluate art pieces. It also marked the increasing categorization of art as an autonomous institution, separate from natural history.
How did the Dutch colonial system introduce the concept of currency and its impact on cultural production?
-In the mid-18th century, the Dutch colonial system introduced a currency system that transformed the patterns of cultural production. Items that were once created by communities as part of rituals or leisure activities became commodities that could be exchanged for money, thus introducing a new economic dimension to cultural artifacts.
What was the Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Science, and how does it relate to the National Museum of Indonesia?
-The Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Science, established in Batavia (now Jakarta) in 1778, was an institution that later became the precursor to the National Museum of Indonesia, also known as Museum Gajah. It collected various cultural artifacts, archaeological findings, and natural specimens, some of which were acquired through purchase and others through forced acquisition, reflecting the colonial categorization of culture and science.
How do anti-colonial philosophers criticize the modern aesthetic system, and what do they suggest?
-Anti-colonial philosophers criticize the modern aesthetic system for creating separations and hierarchies that are rooted in colonial knowledge systems. They argue that these aesthetic categories perpetuate historical divisions between fine arts and crafts, spirituality and aesthetics, tradition and modernity, and collective rituals versus individual expression. They invite us to recognize that our perceptions and judgments of beauty and art are often still colonized by limited perspectives of the colonial past.
What questions should we consider today regarding aesthetics and our experience of beauty or art?
-Today, we should consider what factors shape our experiences and judgments of what is considered good, beautiful, handsome, cool, or high art. We should examine how the values of art and beauty form our daily lives and how artistic practices and aesthetic theories can awaken critical awareness instead of numbing and colonizing our interpretations of reality.
Outlines
đ The Emergence of Aesthetics in the 21st Century
The first paragraph discusses the evolution of aesthetics in the 21st century, marked by the widespread use of technology such as cameras, computers, and the internet. It highlights the increased accessibility of generative AI, leading to a society where aesthetic production and consumption are commonplace. The term 'aesthetics' has transcended its limited use among artists to permeate various aspects of daily life, including beauty clinics and fitness routines. The paragraph also touches on the role of aesthetics in medical practices, such as anesthesiology, where it's crucial for managing patients' perception of pain and awareness during surgery. The historical context of aesthetics is explored, with a mention of its philosophical roots in the 18th century by Alexander Baumgarten, who introduced aesthetics as a new branch of philosophy focusing on sensory experience and perception. The paragraph connects the development of aesthetics to broader social changes in Western Europe, including the scientific revolution and the industrial revolution, emphasizing the importance of integrating rational thought with sensory perception.
đïž The Birth of Public Art Museums and the Evolution of Aesthetics
The second paragraph delves into the establishment of the first public art museums in Europe, signifying the rise of a middle-class society with an interest in art. It discusses how the museum's emergence led to the categorization of 'art' as an autonomous institution, separate from natural history. The paragraph also explores the historical context of the 18th century, where the scientific revolution and the industrial revolution influenced the development of aesthetics. It mentions the establishment of the Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia (now Jakarta), which later became the National Museum of Indonesia. The society's collection included cultural artifacts, archaeological findings, and natural specimens, reflecting the colonial categorization of 'primitive' and 'modern' cultures. The paragraph critiques the colonial knowledge system that created hierarchies between 'fine arts' and 'crafts,' 'tradition' and 'modernity,' and 'collective rituals' and 'individual expression.' It calls for a critical awareness of these aesthetic categories, which are rooted in the limited perspectives of colonial powers.
đš The Role of Art and Aesthetics in Contemporary Life
The third paragraph ponders the influence of art and aesthetics on our daily lives, questioning how our experiences and judgments of beauty and quality in art are shaped. It challenges viewers to consider the factors that form our aesthetic experiences and judgments, especially in the context of a connected society. The paragraph suggests that the practice of art and the theory of aesthetics should aim to awaken critical awareness rather than numb and colonize our understanding of reality. It concludes by inviting viewers to join the discussion in the next video, hinting at a continuation of the exploration of aesthetics in a modern, interconnected world.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄAesthetics
đĄGenerative AI
đĄBeauty Clinic
đĄSensibility
đĄAlexander Baumgarten
đĄAnesthesia
đĄMuseum of Art
đĄColonial System
đĄAnti-Colonial Aesthetics
đĄCultural Commodity
đĄRoyal Batavian Society
Highlights
The 21st century is an era of aesthetics, with technology like cameras, computers, and the internet making generative AI accessible, leading to increased production and consumption of aesthetic ideas and objects.
The term 'aesthetics' has evolved from being limited to artists to being used in beauty clinics, posing tutorials, and gym routines, replacing words like beautiful, neat, and cool.
The use of the term 'aesthetics' has expanded and diversified values, possibly due to society's increased opportunity and desire to critique and debate various criteria within a value system.
Aesthetics is needed in the aesthetic society to seek the meaning of aesthetics from everyday experiences.
The term 'anesthesia' is derived from 'an-' meaning without and 'aesthetic' meaning sensation or perception, highlighting the role of an anesthesiologist in determining the amount of anesthesia to ensure a patient feels no pain and is unconscious during surgery.
The role of an aesthetician might be to awaken awareness or provide a critical perspective to read reality from an internal sensory perception point of view.
Aesthetics was first used by German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten in the mid-18th century, marking a new meaning for the term from a description of sensory experience to a new branch of philosophy.
Baumgarten's concept of aesthetics was not a sudden idea but was connected to the social changes in Western Europe, including the maturation of the scientific revolution and the beginning of the industrial revolution.
The emergence of aesthetics as a field was significant because it argued that knowledge sources are not only from reason but also from feelings, sensations, and internal perceptions.
Immanuel Kant developed and criticized Baumgarten's thoughts in 'Critique of Aesthetics,' which became the foundation of modern aesthetics.
The establishment of the first public museum of art in Europe in 1734 in Rome had two implications: the emergence of an art society and the categorization of art as an autonomous institution separate from natural history.
In the 18th century, the study of aesthetics began to differentiate between natural beauty and human-made cultural objects, leading to a separation between art and science.
In the 20th century, aesthetic theory shifted focus from the study of beauty to the practical issues of art created by artists.
The Dutch colonial system introduced a currency system in the mid-18th century, which changed the production patterns of cultural objects from communal rituals to commodities that could be exchanged for money.
The Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences, established in 1778 in Batavia, collected cultural artifacts, archaeological findings, and natural specimens, marking the categorization between primitive traditional culture and modern Western civilization.
Anti-colonial philosophers criticize the separation and hierarchy of categories created by modern aesthetics, which emerged from the capitalist and colonial economic and political system.
Aesthetic experiences are often still influenced by colonial knowledge systems, which are limited perspectives from white, middle-class men.
We need to question the factors that shape our experiences and judgments of what is considered good, beautiful, handsome, cool, or high art in the interconnected aesthetic society of today.
Art and beauty values shape our daily lives, and we should explore how they do so in the context of the aesthetic society.
Transcripts
abad ke-21 adalah abad estetik sejak
kamera komputer internet dan sekarang
generatif Ai mulai bisa diakses orang
banyak semakin sering kita dapat
memproduksi dan mengkonsumsi ide serta
benda-benda estetik hari ini kita hidup
di tengah masyarakat estetik
apabila sebelumnya istilah estetika
hanya beredar terbatas di kalangan
seniman kini penggunaan kata estetika
semakin meluas di klinik kecantikan
video tutorial cara berpose cara menata
kamar mandi atau cara membentuk otot di
gym
umumnya penggunaan kata estetik seperti
ini adalah sebagai pengganti untuk kata
sifat seperti Indah rapi cantik keren
bagus menarik dan lain-lainnya contohnya
Klinik Estetika dulunya lebih populer
disebut sebagai klinik kecantikan atau
Beauty Clinic
tapi penggunaan kata estetik tidak hanya
menggantikan tapi mungkin dia juga
memperluas dan memberagamkan nilai-nilai
barangkali karena masyarakat kita hari
ini semakin punya kesempatan dan
keinginan untuk ber opini mengkritik dan
mendebat berbagai kriteria dalam suatu
sistem nilai Untuk itulah kita butuh
estetika dalam masyarakat estetik
Tidak ada salahnya Mencari pengertian
estetika dari pengalaman sehari-hari
kalian pernah nggak masuk rumah sakit
sampai ke ruang kamar bedah di sana akan
ada dokter bedah yang didampingi oleh
seorang ahli anestesi
istilah anestesi terdiri dari dua bagian
yang berarti tidak dan estetis yang
berarti sensasi atau persepsi indrawi
jadi tugas ahli anestesi itu menentukan
takaran obat bius yang harus diberikan
kepada seorang pasien supaya pasiennya
nggak merasa sakit dan Nggak sadar diri
selama dibedah
apabila ahli anestesi itu tugasnya untuk
membius Mungkin kita bisa membayangkan
tugas ahli estetika itu untuk
membangkitkan kesadaran atau paling
tidak menyediakan pandangan kritis untuk
membaca realitas dari sudut pandang
kepekaan persepsi indrawi kita
Nah dari kehidupan sehari-hari Mari kita
melipir ke tradisi sejarah filsafat
barat di sana istilah estetika pertama
kali digunakan oleh seorang filsuf
Jerman namanya Alexander baumgarton
dalam bukunya yang terbit pada
pertengahan abad ke-18 kurang lebih 270
tahun yang lalu atau tepatnya tahun 1750
memunculkan makna baru dari istilah
estetis dari yang sebelumnya merupakan
deskripsi atas pengalaman sensasi atau
persepsi indrawi menjadi suatu cabang
baru dalam ilmu filsafat
buku estetika Menyediakan alat
sistematis untuk membedah efek-efek dari
sanksibilitas indrawi dan Bom Garden
ingin menjadikan estetika sebagai sains
tentang persepsi indrawi
munculnya pemikiran Bom garton ini tidak
datang tiba-tiba dari langit ia sangat
terhubung dengan perubahan sosial di
Eropa Barat antara lain semakin
matangnya revolusi sains yang sudah
berlangsung sejak akhir abad ke-17 juga
fase industrialisasi besar-besaran atau
yang biasa disebut sebagai revolusi
industri
di Inggris misalnya tahun 1743 atau 7
tahun sebelum buku estetika terbit
berdirilah sebuah pabrik tekstil pertama
yang menggunakan mesin mekanik untuk
meminta benang pembuatan kain yang
tadinya merupakan pekerjaan rumahan yang
dilakukan perempuan mulai bergeser
menjadi pekerjaan industrial di pabrik
yang bisa memproduksi kain lebih cepat
dan lebih banyak pada masa Bondan
menulis dunia Eropa tengah terobsesi
pada kemajuan gerak mekanik penelitian
ilmiah dan pemikiran rasional
pemikiran estetika bonggaster menjadi
penting dan kritis pada zaman karena ia
berargumen bahwa sumber pengetahuan
tidak hanya berasal dari akal atau rasio
tapi juga dengan perasaan sensasi dan
persepsi indrawi
banggaten mencoba membuat sitesa antara
rasio dengan persepsi indrawi proyek
filsafatnya mengajukan tesis bahwa
pengalaman estetis juga setara dengan
sumber pengetahuan lainnya
menurutnya kita dapat memperoleh
kesimpulan estetis dari proses logika
deduktif yaitu penalaran dari
gejala-gejala umum untuk mencapai suatu
kesimpulan logis
nantinya pemikiran bahwa button ini
dikembangkan sekaligus dikritik oleh
Immanuel kant dalam kritik of estetik
yang menjadi dasar estetika modern tapi
kita tidak akan membahas pemikiran Kami
sekarang
yang tidak kalah penting pada masa
bangga dan menulis museum seni pertama
di Eropa juga baru saja lahir tahun 1734
di Roma berdirilah kapital museum yang
dianggap sebagai museum seni pertama di
dunia oleh para sejarawan
lahirnya museum seni untuk publik Eropa
Barat punya dua implikasi pertama
munculnya masyarakat seni atau
masyarakat estetik dari kelas menengah
dan borjuis yang mulai memiliki akses
untuk menonton menikmati dan menilai
karya seni kedua semakin mapannya
kategori istilah seni yang menjadi
lembaga otonom dan membangun sejarah
pameran yang terpisah dari sejarah alam
atau natural history
sebelum revolusi sains tidak ada
pemisahan tegas antara seni dan sains
Leonardo Da Vinci misalnya adalah
seorang pelukis sekaligus ilmuwan
pada titik pergeseran sejarah Eropa di
abad ke-18 studi estetika tentang objek
keindahan yang berasal dari alam semakin
terpisah dari benda seni dan budaya
buatan manusia
kelak teori estetika abad ke-20 semakin
meninggalkan fokusnya pada studi tentang
pengalaman yang mencerap keindahan dan
lebih tertarik pada permasalahan praktik
seni yang diciptakan oleh seniman
itu di Eropa Barat Bagaimana dengan
lokasi yang kini kita sebut sebagai
Indonesia
pada pertengahan abad ke-18 sistem
kolonial Belanda memperkenalkan sistem
mata uang duitan sehingga kini mungkin
kita sering kenal istilah duit sebagai
sinonim kata uang
menurut beberapa peneliti pengenalan
sistem duit juga mengubah pola produksi
benda-benda budaya dari yang tadinya
diciptakan masyarakat sebagai bagian
dari ritual atau untuk pelipur lara di
waktu senggang menjadi komoditas baru
yang bisa ditukarkan dengan duit
lalu tahun 1778 di Batavia kurang lebih
setelah 20 tahun bukunya bom Garden
terbit berdirilah Royal batavian Society
of art and science ini lembaga yang
kelak menjadi cikal bakal Museum
Nasional atau museum gajah di Jakarta
di museum ini berbagai benda-benda
budaya artefak arkeologis dan spesimen
alam dikumpulkan para ilmuwan dan
budayawan elit kolonial ada yang
diperoleh dengan membelinya pakai duit
ada juga yang merupakan hasil rampasan
paksa
dari namanya saja kita bisa tahu bahwa
di Royal batavian Society of arts and
science belum ada pembedaan kategori
antara seni dan sains seperti yang
terjadi di museum Eropa saat itu namun
kategorisasi yang muncul dari kelahiran
museum kolonial adalah pembedaan antara
budaya primitif tradisional dan modern
benda-benda budaya dari masyarakat
jajahan digolongkan sebagai kerajinan
tradisional atau alat peradaban primitif
yang lebih inferior daripada peradaban
Barat
sedangkan segala sesuatu yang mirip
dengan bentuk seni elit Eropa Barat
misalnya lukisan cat minyak atau yang
terdengar seperti musik klasik disebut
sebagai gejala semi modern
diskusi soal sejarah sistem pengetahuan
kolonial ini nyaris absen untuk waktu
yang sangat panjang dalam debat-debat
teori estetika di barat
kelak pada pertengahan abad ke-20 dan
boleh dibilang Hingga kini para filsuf
yang punya sudut pandang antikolonial
mengkritik pemisahan dan hierarki
kategori yang diciptakan oleh estetika
modern tepatnya estetika yang lahir dari
sistem ekonomi politik kapitalis dan
kolonial
pemikiran estetika para filsuf
antikolonial menyadarkan kita dari
pembiusan kategori-kategori estetik yang
membuat pemisahan sejarah antara
kesenian dan kerajinan tangan antara
spiritualisme rasio dan estetika antara
tradisi dan modernitas juga antara
ritual kolektif dan ekspresi individu
yang lebih mendasar para filsuf estetika
anti kolonial mengajak kita menyadari
bahwa cara kita merasakan dan mencerap
suatu gejala seni atau keindahan kerap
kali masih terjajah oleh sistem
pengetahuan kolonial sistem yang
sebetulnya merupakan sudut pandang
terbatas dari kacamata laki-laki kulit
putih Menengah Atas
Jadi pertanyaan estetis yang masih perlu
kita jawab hari ini Apa saja faktor yang
membentuk pengalaman dan penilaian kita
tentang sesuatu yang bagus cantik
ganteng Indah keren atau bermutu seni
Tinggi hari ini
dalam konteks ruang dan waktu masyarakat
estetik yang serba terhubung Bagaimana
nilai seni dan keindahan membentuk
kehidupan sehari-hari kita dan terakhir
Bagaimana praktik seni dan teori
estetika dapat membangkitkan kesadaran
kritis alih-alih membius Melena dan
menjajah pemaknaan kita atas realitas
begitu dulu video kali ini sampai jumpa
di video selanjutnya
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
functions and philosophical importance of art
What is Aesthetics?
What is Aesthetics (Philosophy of Art)?
SENI RUPA KELAS XII UNIT 1 PENGENALAN SENI RUPA DALAM KESEHARIAN
Chapter 1 - Pengenalan Revolusi Teknologi Informasi Digital | Informatika Booster
Flashback Arrest - Ep. 6 - Susan Sontag On Photography 1.1
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)