Sejarah Kerajaan Aceh : Puncak Kejayaan hingga Masa Keruntuhan

Summary

The Aceh Sultanate, an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, originated from the union of the Lamuri and Aceh kingdoms through royal marriage. It expanded to unite the region from Daya to Nakhon Si Thammarat. Under Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), the kingdom reached its peak, rejecting foreign collaboration and strengthening its military. Known as the 'Verandah of Mecca,' it significantly influenced Islamic culture in the Malay Archipelago. However, after Iskandar Muda's death, the kingdom declined, eventually succumbing to Dutch colonization in 1873 after a 30-year war, marking the end of the Aceh Sultanate.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The Aceh Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, referring to the Sumatra region in the sixteenth century.
• 🌍 It originated from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage of their rulers, leading to the creation of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam.
• 👑 Ali Mughayat Syah was the first ruler of Aceh, serving from 1496 to 1530, and was a strong proponent of Islam as the foundation of the kingdom.
• 📚 The Aceh Sultanate experienced a golden era under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636, who was known for his strong rejection of foreign influence and exploitation.
• ⛩️ The kingdom expanded its territory significantly under Iskandar Muda, including parts of the Malay Peninsula and much of Sumatra, earning the region the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah'.
• 🛡️ Sultan Iskandar Muda built a powerful military force equipped with advanced weaponry, including cannons, to deter foreign powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and English.
• 🔄 Despite the initial success in resisting foreign influence, the Aceh Sultanate began to decline after Iskandar Muda's death, with his successors less capable of maintaining the kingdom's grandeur.
• 🗺️ The decline of the Aceh Sultanate made it more susceptible to foreign influence, and it eventually became a target for Western powers, leading to the signing of treaties like the Treaty of London and the Treaty of Sumatra.
• 🏰 The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh in 1873, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and resulted in the end of the Sultanate.
• 🏺 The last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah, was forced to acknowledge Dutch sovereignty, and Aceh was administratively incorporated into the Dutch East Indies, which became the precursor to modern Indonesia.
• 🏛️ Remnants of the Aceh Sultanate's grandeur can still be seen today, such as the Grand Mosque of Baiturrahman in Banda Aceh, the Taman Sari, and the Sultan Iskandar Muda's mausoleum, reflecting the kingdom's rich history and cultural influence.

Q & A

When was the Aceh Sultanate established?

The Aceh Sultanate was established around 1496 Masehi in Banda, Aceh Darussalam.

What is the historical significance of the Aceh Sultanate's location?

The Aceh Sultanate was located on the Sumatra peninsula and was significant as it expanded to unite areas from Daya Pedir to Nakur.

How did the Aceh Sultanate come into existence?

The Aceh Sultanate was formed from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage alliance between the King of Lamori and the Princess of Aceh.

Who was the first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate?

The first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate was Ali Mughayat Syah, who ruled from 1496 to 1530 Masehi.

What was the peak period of the Aceh Sultanate?

The Aceh Sultanate experienced its golden age under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636 Masehi.

How did Sultan Iskandar Muda respond to foreign offers of cooperation?

Sultan Iskandar Muda strongly rejected foreign offers of cooperation and was aware of their attempts to exploit his resources.

What was the military strength of the Aceh Sultanate under Sultan Iskandar Muda?

The military strength of the Aceh Sultanate was very strong, equipped with advanced weapons including cannons, and they successfully defended against attempts by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English to seize power.

What was the cultural impact of the Aceh Sultanate during Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign?

During Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign, the Aceh Sultanate had a significant impact on the Islamic culture applied in the society, leading to the region being called the 'Serambi Mekkah'.

What happened to the Aceh Sultanate after Sultan Iskandar Muda's death?

After Sultan Iskandar Muda's death in December 1636, his successors were less capable of maintaining the greatness of the Aceh Sultanate, which began to decline and became more susceptible to foreign influence.

How did the Aceh Sultanate come under foreign control?

The Aceh Sultanate eventually became a target for foreign powers. The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and ended the sultanate.

What is the legacy of the Aceh Sultanate that can still be seen today?

The legacy of the Aceh Sultanate can be seen in many historical sites such as the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh, Taman Sari, Gunongan Benteng Indrapatra, and the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.