Trichomonas Vaginalis | Trichomoniasis (life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis & treatment) | STD
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite causing trichomoniasis. It covers the parasite's morphology, life cycle, habitat, transmission, and epidemiology. The lecture also explores pathogenesis, clinical findings in both sexes, diagnosis methods, immunity aspects, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a low pH in the vagina for prevention and the necessity of treating both partners to avoid reinfection.
Takeaways
- đ Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection.
- đŹ The parasite is uninucleate, with a characteristic pear or oval shape, and measures about 10 by 7 micrometers.
- đĄïž It thrives in genital organs, with an optimal temperature of 35 to 37 degrees Celsius and a pH range of 5.5 to 6.0.
- đż It requires a low oxygen environment for survival, indicating that it prefers anaerobic conditions.
- đ The life cycle involves binary fission, with no cyst form, and a round form that appears briefly after division.
- đ It is transmitted sexually and is most prevalent among sexually active women in their 30s.
- đ« There is no animal reservoir; it is exclusively found in humans.
- đ€ In women, symptoms include a watery, foul-smelling discharge, itching, and burning, while men may be asymptomatic carriers.
- đŹ Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of secretions or discharge, with culture and nucleic acid tests for confirmation.
- đ Treatment typically involves metronidazole or tinidazole, with simultaneous treatment for both partners to prevent reinfection.
- đĄïž Prevention strategies include maintaining a low pH in the vagina and using condoms for mechanical protection.
Q & A
What is Trichomonas vaginalis?
-Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that lives in the genital organs of both men and women and is responsible for causing trichomoniasis.
What is the morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis?
-Trichomonas vaginalis has a pear or oval shape, is about 10 by 7 micrometers in size, and has a single nucleus, four anterior flagella, and an undulating membrane. It also has a cytostome for ingesting food particles.
Does Trichomonas vaginalis have a cyst form?
-No, Trichomonas vaginalis exists only as a trophozoite and does not have a cyst form. However, there is a round form that exists shortly after the division of trophozoites.
What is the life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis?
-The life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis consists of simple division by binary fission, which occurs under favorable conditions such as a temperature of about 35 to 37 degrees and a pH of 5.5 to 6.0.
Where does Trichomonas vaginalis primarily reside in the human body?
-The primary locations of the organism are the vagina in women and the prostate in men.
How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
-Transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis occurs via sexual contact, and there is no animal reservoir for the parasite.
What are the epidemiological aspects of trichomoniasis?
-Trichomoniasis is one of the most common infections worldwide, with 25 to 50 percent of women in the United States harboring the organism. Asymptomatic infections are common, and symptomatic disease is most frequent among sexually active women in their 30s.
What are the clinical findings of trichomoniasis in females?
-In females, trichomoniasis presents as a watery, foul-smelling, greenish vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, and burning. The vaginal and cervical mucosa may be reddened, eroded, and petechiated, with possible hemorrhages.
How is trichomoniasis diagnosed in males?
-In males, trichomoniasis may be asymptomatic, and males may serve as carriers. In symptomatic cases, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and urethra may be infected, leading to a thin white urethral discharge and dysuria.
What are the methods for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection?
-Diagnosis involves collecting specimens like vaginal or urethral secretions, discharge, prostate secretions, and semen. Microscopic examination of a wet mount of vaginal discharge can reveal trophozoites with a typical jerky motion. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are also used for confirmation.
What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?
-The treatment of choice for trichomoniasis is either tinidazole (brand name Tinita) or metronidazole (brand name Flagyl) for both partners to prevent reinfection.
How can trichomoniasis be prevented?
-Prevention of trichomoniasis includes maintaining a low pH in the vagina, using condoms for mechanical protection, and simultaneous treatment of both sexual partners. Currently, there is no prophylactic drug or vaccine available to prevent this infection.
Outlines
đŠ Introduction to Trichomonas Vaginalis
This paragraph introduces Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis. It describes the parasite's morphology, including its size, shape, and unique features such as the exostile, nucleus, flagella, and undulating membrane. The video also outlines the topics that will be covered, such as the life cycle, habitat, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis, immunity, treatment, and prevention of trichomoniasis.
đŹ Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Trichomoniasis
This paragraph delves into the clinical presentation of trichomoniasis in both males and females, highlighting symptoms and the potential for asymptomatic carriers. It discusses the diagnostic methods, including specimen collection, microscopic examination for trophozoites, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). The paragraph also touches on the lack of serologic tests for antibodies and the use of culture methods for diagnosis. Additionally, it covers the natural and acquired immunity aspects, treatment options with medications like tinidazole and metronidazole, and preventive measures such as maintaining a low pH in the vagina and using condoms.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄTrichomonas vaginalis
đĄProtozoan parasite
đĄBinary fission
đĄTransmission
đĄEpidemiology
đĄPathogenesis
đĄClinical findings
đĄDiagnosis
đĄImmunity
đĄTreatment
đĄPrevention
Highlights
Introduction to trichomonas vaginalis as a protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis.
Trichomonas vaginalis is uninucleate and lives in the genital organs of both men and women.
Overview of morphology: trophozoite is the only form of trichomonas vaginalis, and it has four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane.
The life cycle of trichomonas vaginalis involves simple division by binary fission under favorable conditions.
Trichomonas vaginalis can survive in temperatures between 35 to 37 degrees Celsius and at a pH of 5.5 to 6.0.
Transmission of trichomonas vaginalis occurs primarily via sexual contact.
The infection is most common among sexually active women, especially those in their 30s.
Higher risk of infection during pregnancy and menstrual periods due to changes in vaginal pH.
Pathogenesis involves damage to host tissue, killing of host cells, disruption of vaginal microbiota, and inflammation.
In females, common symptoms include watery, foul-smelling greenish vaginal discharge, itching, and burning.
In males, the infection may be asymptomatic but can cause white urethral discharge and dysuria.
Diagnosis includes microscopy of wet mount vaginal discharge and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs).
There is no serologic test for trichomonas vaginalis, and natural immunity provides limited protection.
Treatment includes tinidazole or metronidazole for both partners to prevent reinfection.
Prevention strategies include condom use and maintenance of low vaginal pH, with no available prophylactic drug or vaccine.
Transcripts
assalamualaikum everyone hope you're
doing well
if you are new to my channel a very warm
welcome to you today in this video we're
going to talk about trichomonas
vaginalis
but a quick overview is it is a
protozoan parasite it is uninucleate
it lives in genital organs of both men
and women
it is responsible for causing
trichomoniasis
at the end of this lecture you'll be
able to describe morphology of
trichomonas vaginalis
its life cycle
habitating transmission
epidemiology
pathogenesis
clinical findings
liberty diagnosis
immunity
treatment and finally the prevention
let's begin the lecture in detail
first we will discuss the morphology of
trichomonas vaginalis
trophozoite it is a form of trichomonas
vaginalis
its shape is pure or avoid
its size is about 10 into 7 micrometers
it has an exostile that is a single
situated in midline and runs posteriorly
to the margin of the body
it has a nucleus that is single
elongated and central
it has four anterior flagella and an
undulating membrane that extends about
two-thirds of its length
cytosomes a depression at the anterior
and through which it ingests food
particles
it exists only as trophozoite there is
no cyst form
but guys there's a round form
that exists shortly after the division
of trophozoites it has the same
morphological structure as that of
trophozoite except for its rounded shape
next up is a life cycle of trichomonas
vaginalis
the life cycle of trichomonas vaginalis
consists of simple division by binary
fission under favorable condition
the conditions include temperature of
about 35 to 37 degrees ph of 5.5 to 6.0
and the important thing is that it needs
the
less oxygen means the lake of oxygen is
diagrammatic representation
[Music]
it lives in the genital organs of men
and women
its transmission occurs via sexual
contact
its infective and diagnostic stage is
its trufazoid
habitat and transmission
habitat primary location of the organism
are the vagina and the prostate it is
found only in humans there is no animal
reservoir
transmission occurs via sexual contact
epidemiology
is one of the most common infections
worldwide
roughly 25 to 50 percent of the woman in
the united states harbor the organism
asymptomatic infections are common in
men and women the frequency of
symptomatic disease is highest among
sexually active women in their 30s and
lowest in their post-menopausal
period
during pregnancy and menstrual period
there's a greater risk of trichomoniasis
because of an increase in ph
pathogenesis
infective agent is trophozoite
incubation period it ranges from 3 to 28
days the parasite trichomonas vaginalis
causes a highly prevalent sexually
transmitted infection trichomoniasis as
an extracellular pathogen the parasite
mediates adherence to epithelial cells
to colonize the human host
in addition the parasite interface with
the host immune system and the vaginal
microbiota
modes of trichomonas vaginalis
pathogenesis include damage to host
tissue mediated by parasite killing of
the host cells
disruption of steady-state vaginal
microbial ecology
and eliciting inflammation by activating
the host immune response
clinical findings
in females watery foul smelling greenish
vaginal discharge is seen
volubular itching and burning is present
vaginal and cervical mucosa is standard
reddened eroded and petitioned
hemorrhages may be present play
this periunia
in males this may be asymptomatic and
male may serve as a carrier
in symptomatic cases prostate seminal
vesicles and urethra may be infected
the discharge is thin white urethral
discharge and dysuria may be present
liberty diagnosis
first we will collect specimens like
vaginal or urethral secretions or
discharge prostate secretions and semen
then we will go for microscope in a wet
mount of vaginal discharge the
trophozoites have a typical jerky motion
dried smear stained with hemotoxin is
observed under the microscope
for the confirmation of trichomonas
vaginalis nucleic acid amplification
tests
nuts
are often used because they are highly
specific and sensitive
they is no serologic test serologic
tests are usually for antibodies
then we will go for culture a specimen
may be inoculated in solid and fluid
cell free media in tissue cultures
in the chick embryo and in simplified
trip decay serum
may reveal organisms when the
microscopic examination is negative
im unity
natural immunity low ph in the low
genital tract provides some degree of
protection infection confers no apparent
acquired immunity although over time
reinfections are paid to cause less
severe symptoms in women suggesting that
some resistance may have developed
against this
organism treatment
the treatment of choice is either
tinidazole with the brand name tonita
max or metronidazole with the brand name
flager for both partners to prevent
reinfection tanidazole is best tolerated
maintenance of low ph of vagina is also
helpful in treating that infection
finally the prevention
maintenance of low ph of vagina is
helpful
condoms limit transmission that is
mechanical protection simultaneous
treatment of both sexual partners
no prophylactic drug or vaccine is
available to prevent this infection
and that's it for today's lecture i hope
you really enjoyed it so don't forget to
give this video a big thumbs up and
subscribe to my youtube channel
you
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