Parasitologia - Aula 07 - Trichomonas vaginalis e a Tricomoníase

Summary

This educational video covers trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan parasite *Trichomonas vaginalis*. The parasite infects both men and women, primarily affecting the urogenital tract. While often asymptomatic, the infection can cause symptoms like vaginal discharge, irritation, and discomfort, especially in women. The video discusses the parasite’s biology, transmission modes, and risk factors, including sexual contact, hygiene practices, and its potential impact during pregnancy. Preventive measures such as proper hygiene, condom use, and early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized to reduce transmission and reinfection.

Takeaways

• 😀 *Trichomoniasis* is a non-viral sexually transmitted disease caused by *Trichomonas vaginalis*, affecting both men and women.
• 😀 *Trichomonas vaginalis* is a flagellated protozoan with three to four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane that helps it move and invade the host.
• 😀 The parasite is monoxenous, meaning it only needs one host to complete its life cycle.
• 😀 The main mode of transmission of *Trichomoniasis* is sexual contact, with the parasite present in vaginal and urethral secretions.
• 😀 Infections can be asymptomatic, with up to 60% of infected partners showing no symptoms, particularly in men.
• 😀 Women with symptoms may experience vaginal irritation, redness, itching, painful urination, and a foul-smelling discharge (leucorrhea).
• 😀 Men with *Trichomoniasis* may experience mild urethritis with purulent discharge, but the infection is often asymptomatic.
• 😀 The parasite adheres to and invades the mucosal surfaces of the urogenital tract, aided by secreted enzymes that degrade tissue.
• 😀 *Trichomonas vaginalis* thrives in environments with low oxygen, pH between 5-7, and temperatures between 20 and 40°C, with changes during menstruation making women more susceptible.
• 😀 Prevention includes the use of condoms, good personal hygiene, and early diagnosis and treatment to avoid reinfection, particularly in sexual partners.

Q & A

What is Trichomoniasis, and why is it important to study?

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the parasite *Trichomonas vaginalis*. It is important to study because it is one of the most prevalent non-viral STDs worldwide, and a significant portion of infected individuals, especially women, may not show symptoms, making it critical to understand for better prevention and diagnosis.

What type of organism is *Trichomonas vaginalis*?

*Trichomonas vaginalis* is a flagellated protozoan parasite. It belongs to the genus *Trichomonas* and is classified as a flagellate protozoan in the supergroup Excavata.

How many hosts are required for the life cycle of *Trichomonas vaginalis*?

*Trichomonas vaginalis* is a monoxenous parasite, meaning it requires only one host to complete its life cycle. Humans are the sole natural hosts of the parasite.

What are the main structures found in the *Trichomonas vaginalis* cell?

The main structures in the *Trichomonas vaginalis* cell include three or four anterior flagella, a recurrent flagellum that forms an undulating membrane, a complex cytoskeleton, a basal body, and a prominent structure related to digestion. It also has a nucleus and other cellular components necessary for its function.

How does *Trichomonas vaginalis* infect its host?

The infection process begins when *Trichomonas vaginalis* adheres to the mucosal surface of the host's genital and urinary tract. This is followed by secretion of mucinases that break down the mucosal layer, allowing the parasite to penetrate deeper into the tissue, causing damage.

What factors influence the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?

The severity of Trichomoniasis symptoms depends on genetic factors of both the host and the parasite, interactions with the vaginal flora, and the phase of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle can create a more favorable environment for the parasite, exacerbating symptoms.

What are common symptoms of Trichomoniasis in women?

In women, common symptoms of Trichomoniasis include vaginal inflammation, itching, redness, and discomfort. Additionally, women may experience a foul-smelling discharge called leucorrhea and other signs of inflammation such as pain or burning sensations.

Why is it important to perform a differential diagnosis when diagnosing Trichomoniasis?

A differential diagnosis is important because the symptoms of Trichomoniasis, such as leucorrhea, can overlap with other conditions like candidiasis. Accurate diagnosis through laboratory tests ensures proper treatment and avoids misdiagnosis.

How is Trichomoniasis typically transmitted?

Trichomoniasis is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact. It can also be transmitted via contaminated water sources, like bathtubs or swimming pools, and through shared personal hygiene items such as towels or undergarments.

What are key prevention strategies for Trichomoniasis?

Prevention of Trichomoniasis involves practicing good hygiene, using condoms during sexual activity, avoiding sharing personal hygiene items, and undergoing regular screenings for sexually transmitted diseases. It is also important to treat all sexual partners to prevent reinfection.