konsep Ushul fikih. kelas XII MAN 2 Bojonegoro

Summary

This lesson introduces students to Fiqh in their 12th-grade curriculum, focusing on the relationship between Fiqh and Usul Fiqh. Fiqh, which is divided into Fiqh Ibadah (worship) and Fiqh Muamalah (interactions with others), teaches how to maintain good relationships with Allah and fellow humans. Usul Fiqh, on the other hand, deals with the principles and reasoning behind Islamic laws, such as the different rulings for prayers, fasting, and contemporary issues not directly mentioned in the Qur'an or Hadith. The session explains these concepts and their philosophical foundations.

Takeaways

• 📘 Fiqh is a subject that teaches how to maintain good relationships with Allah and with fellow humans.
• 📖 Fiqh consists of two main parts: Fiqh Ibadah (related to worship) and Fiqh Muamalah (related to human interactions).
• ⚖️ Fiqh Ibadah focuses on how to communicate with Allah through actions like prayer, fasting, zakat, and Hajj.
• 🤝 Fiqh Muamalah teaches how to interact with other people, including topics like loans, marriage, trade, and inheritance.
• 📚 Usul Fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) is a deeper concept that deals with the philosophy and reasoning behind Fiqh rulings.
• 💡 Usul Fiqh helps in understanding how laws are derived, especially in cases where there is no direct mention in the Quran or Hadith.
• 🛠️ Usul Fiqh explains how rulings such as the obligatory nature of prayers or fasting can change under certain conditions.
• 🕋 Fiqh Ibadah connects believers to Allah through acts like prayer and fasting, which are forms of Hablum Minallah (relationship with Allah).
• 👥 Fiqh Muamalah covers relationships between people, referred to as Hablum Minannas (relationship with humans).
• 🔍 Contemporary issues that are not found in the Quran or Hadith can be resolved through the application of Usul Fiqh.

Q & A

What is the focus of the 12th-grade Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) class in semester 5?

The focus is primarily on 'usul fiqh,' which is the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence. While it includes regular fiqh topics, the first chapter concentrates on the concepts of 'usul fiqh.'

What is the difference between 'fiqh' and 'usul fiqh'?

'Fiqh' refers to the understanding of Islamic laws related to worship (fiqh ibadah) and interactions (fiqh muamalah), while 'usul fiqh' deals with the principles and philosophy behind deriving those laws.

How does fiqh categorize human relations?

Fiqh divides human relations into two categories: 'Hablum minallah' (relationship with God) which covers worship, and 'Hablum minannas' (relationship with humans) which involves social interactions.

What are the main topics covered in 'fiqh ibadah'?

'Fiqh ibadah' covers the rules and guidelines for worship, such as prayer, fasting, zakat (charity), and Hajj (pilgrimage). It includes the conditions, requirements, and actions that invalidate these acts of worship.

What does 'fiqh muamalah' teach?

'Fiqh muamalah' focuses on human-to-human interactions. It includes topics like debt, mortgages, buying and selling, marriage, and inheritance.

How are worship and social relationships integrated into fiqh?

Fiqh integrates worship ('Hablum minallah') and social interactions ('Hablum minannas') by offering guidelines on how to conduct oneself with both God and fellow humans. Fiqh ibadah governs relations with God, while fiqh muamalah governs relations with others.

What role does 'usul fiqh' play in Islamic law?

'Usul fiqh' provides the underlying philosophy and reasoning behind Islamic laws. It explains why certain acts are obligatory (like prayer or fasting) and how their rulings can change in specific contexts.

Can the ruling of an act in fiqh change? Provide an example.

Yes, the ruling can change based on the context. For example, fasting during Ramadan is obligatory for Muslims, but if someone faces certain conditions that prevent fasting, the obligation is lifted, and the ruling may change.

What are 'contemporary issues' in usul fiqh?

'Contemporary issues' refer to problems or situations that arise after the time of the Qur'an and Hadith. Since new rulings are needed for these situations, 'usul fiqh' helps derive the appropriate legal judgments.

Why don't contemporary issues have direct rulings from the Qur'an or Hadith?

Contemporary issues don't have direct rulings because they involve circumstances that emerged after the revelation of the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad's lifetime. 'Usul fiqh' plays a role in addressing these modern problems.