Sejarah Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah

Summary

On June 24, 1859, near Soverino, Italy, a battle between French and Austrian forces left around 40,000 soldiers injured and dead. Witnessing this, Swiss businessman Jean Henry Dunant was moved to help, organizing local aid for the wounded without discrimination. His experience led to the 1862 publication of 'Memory of Solferino,' advocating for a volunteer organization in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers and an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded in war. This sparked the Red Cross Movement, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent, and humanitarian law. The movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and national societies, with 192 member states. In Indonesia, the national society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), mandated to provide humanitarian services during conflicts and disasters, and promote humanitarian values.

Takeaways

• ⚔️ On June 24, 1859, a battle occurred in Solferino, Italy, between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 casualties.
• 🇨🇭 Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath of the battle and was moved to help the wounded soldiers, regardless of their allegiance.
• 🌐 Dunant's experience led to the idea of establishing a neutral organization to assist wounded soldiers during wartime and to protect volunteers providing aid.
• 📚 In 1862, Dunant published 'Memory of Solferino,' outlining the need for an international agreement to protect and recognize volunteers and wounded soldiers.
• 🏥 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement was born from Dunant's vision, consisting of three components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Societies.
• 🆘 The ICRC, founded in 1863, is a neutral, independent humanitarian organization that provides assistance to victims of war and armed conflict, and promotes international humanitarian law.
• 🌐 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies acts as a coordinating body for national societies worldwide, providing humanitarian aid during disasters.
• 🏛️ National Societies are local humanitarian organizations present in each country, with 192 countries currently participating in the Geneva Convention.
• 🇮🇩 In Indonesia, the National Society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), which is mandated by law to carry out humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises, as well as blood management and volunteer training.
• 🌟 The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement promotes humanitarian values in society, aiming to alleviate human suffering, protect life and health, and uphold human dignity.

Q & A

What significant event occurred on June 24, 1859, in the town of Solferino, Italy?

A battle took place between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 soldiers being injured and killed.

Who was Jean Henry Dunant and what was he doing when he witnessed the battle at Solferino?

Jean Henry Dunant was a Swiss businessman who was traveling for business when he came across and witnessed the bloody battle at Solferino.

What did Jean Henry Dunant do after witnessing the aftermath of the battle at Solferino?

Dunant was deeply moved and initiated efforts to help by organizing local residents to assist in caring for the victims without discrimination, and he recorded their last messages to be delivered to their families.

What was the inspiration behind the creation of the Red Cross movement?

The inspiration for the Red Cross movement came from Jean Henry Dunant's experience at the Battle of Solferino, where he saw the need for organized humanitarian aid for those affected by war.

In what year did Jean Henry Dunant write the book 'Memory of Solferino' and what were its main ideas?

Jean Henry Dunant wrote 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862. The book contained two main ideas: the necessity of forming a volunteer organization prepared in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers in wartime, and the need for an international agreement to recognize and protect volunteers during their duties and to protect wounded soldiers on the battlefield.

What are the three components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

The three components are the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the National Societies.

What is the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?

The ICRC is tasked with providing humanitarian aid, life support, and dignity to victims of war or armed conflict, as well as promoting and developing international humanitarian law.

When was the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies established and what is its purpose?

The International Federation was established in 1919, originally named the League of Red Cross Societies. It functions as a coordinating body among national societies worldwide to provide humanitarian assistance, such as disaster relief.

What is the status of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is the national society of Indonesia within the movement. It is mandated to carry out humanitarian services during armed conflicts, social disasters, health crises, blood management, and to develop volunteers, spreading humanitarian values in society.

How many countries are currently members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

There are 192 countries that are members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

What does the basic principle of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement state regarding the number of national societies within a single country?

The basic principle of the movement states that there should be only one national society per country.