Sejarah Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah
Summary
TLDROn June 24, 1859, near Soverino, Italy, a battle between French and Austrian forces left around 40,000 soldiers injured and dead. Witnessing this, Swiss businessman Jean Henry Dunant was moved to help, organizing local aid for the wounded without discrimination. His experience led to the 1862 publication of 'Memory of Solferino,' advocating for a volunteer organization in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers and an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded in war. This sparked the Red Cross Movement, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent, and humanitarian law. The movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and national societies, with 192 member states. In Indonesia, the national society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), mandated to provide humanitarian services during conflicts and disasters, and promote humanitarian values.
Takeaways
- ⚔️ On June 24, 1859, a battle occurred in Solferino, Italy, between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 casualties.
- 🇨🇭 Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath of the battle and was moved to help the wounded soldiers, regardless of their allegiance.
- 🌐 Dunant's experience led to the idea of establishing a neutral organization to assist wounded soldiers during wartime and to protect volunteers providing aid.
- 📚 In 1862, Dunant published 'Memory of Solferino,' outlining the need for an international agreement to protect and recognize volunteers and wounded soldiers.
- 🏥 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement was born from Dunant's vision, consisting of three components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Societies.
- 🆘 The ICRC, founded in 1863, is a neutral, independent humanitarian organization that provides assistance to victims of war and armed conflict, and promotes international humanitarian law.
- 🌐 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies acts as a coordinating body for national societies worldwide, providing humanitarian aid during disasters.
- 🏛️ National Societies are local humanitarian organizations present in each country, with 192 countries currently participating in the Geneva Convention.
- 🇮🇩 In Indonesia, the National Society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), which is mandated by law to carry out humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises, as well as blood management and volunteer training.
- 🌟 The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement promotes humanitarian values in society, aiming to alleviate human suffering, protect life and health, and uphold human dignity.
Q & A
What significant event occurred on June 24, 1859, in the town of Solferino, Italy?
-A battle took place between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 soldiers being injured and killed.
Who was Jean Henry Dunant and what was he doing when he witnessed the battle at Solferino?
-Jean Henry Dunant was a Swiss businessman who was traveling for business when he came across and witnessed the bloody battle at Solferino.
What did Jean Henry Dunant do after witnessing the aftermath of the battle at Solferino?
-Dunant was deeply moved and initiated efforts to help by organizing local residents to assist in caring for the victims without discrimination, and he recorded their last messages to be delivered to their families.
What was the inspiration behind the creation of the Red Cross movement?
-The inspiration for the Red Cross movement came from Jean Henry Dunant's experience at the Battle of Solferino, where he saw the need for organized humanitarian aid for those affected by war.
In what year did Jean Henry Dunant write the book 'Memory of Solferino' and what were its main ideas?
-Jean Henry Dunant wrote 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862. The book contained two main ideas: the necessity of forming a volunteer organization prepared in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers in wartime, and the need for an international agreement to recognize and protect volunteers during their duties and to protect wounded soldiers on the battlefield.
What are the three components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-The three components are the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the National Societies.
What is the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
-The ICRC is tasked with providing humanitarian aid, life support, and dignity to victims of war or armed conflict, as well as promoting and developing international humanitarian law.
When was the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies established and what is its purpose?
-The International Federation was established in 1919, originally named the League of Red Cross Societies. It functions as a coordinating body among national societies worldwide to provide humanitarian assistance, such as disaster relief.
What is the status of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is the national society of Indonesia within the movement. It is mandated to carry out humanitarian services during armed conflicts, social disasters, health crises, blood management, and to develop volunteers, spreading humanitarian values in society.
How many countries are currently members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-There are 192 countries that are members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
What does the basic principle of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement state regarding the number of national societies within a single country?
-The basic principle of the movement states that there should be only one national society per country.
Outlines
🆘 The Birth of the Red Cross Movement
The script narrates the historical event of the Battle of Solferino on June 24, 1859, where the French and Austrian armies clashed, resulting in approximately 40,000 casualties. Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath and was deeply moved by the lack of medical care for the wounded soldiers. He initiated aid efforts with the local population and recorded the last messages of the soldiers to deliver to their families. This experience led him to write 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862, advocating for the establishment of a volunteer organization for peacetime preparedness to assist wounded soldiers and an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded during wartime. His ideas materialized in the form of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which includes the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), founded in 1863, to provide humanitarian aid and promote international humanitarian law. The movement also encompasses the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and national societies, with 192 countries currently participating. The Indonesian national society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), which operates under the 2018 law on the Red Cross, focusing on humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, health crises, blood management, and volunteer training, while promoting humanitarian values in society.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Solferino
💡Jean Henry Dunant
💡Red Cross
💡Humanitarian Aid
💡International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
💡International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
💡Geneva Conventions
💡Humanitarian Law
💡Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI)
💡Humanitarian Values
💡Disaster Relief
Highlights
On June 24, 1859, a battle occurred in Soverino, Italy, between French and Austrian forces.
The battle resulted in approximately 40,000 soldiers being injured or killed.
Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath of the battle and was deeply moved by the suffering of the soldiers.
Dunant organized local residents to provide aid without discrimination to the wounded soldiers from both sides.
He recorded the last messages of the soldiers to be delivered to their families.
This event marked the beginning of the Red Cross movement and the use of the red crescent symbol.
Dunant's experiences in Soverino led him to write the book 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862.
The book proposed the need for a volunteer organization prepared in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers in wartime.
It also suggested the need for an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded soldiers during wartime.
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement was established, consisting of three components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Societies.
The ICRC was founded in 1863 as a neutral, independent humanitarian organization.
The ICRC's mission is to provide assistance and uphold the dignity of victims of war and armed conflict.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies coordinates national societies worldwide in providing humanitarian aid.
National Societies are humanitarian organizations present in each country and are party to the Geneva Conventions.
As of now, 192 countries are members of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement.
The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is the national society responsible for humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises.
The PMI also manages blood services and develops volunteers, spreading humanitarian values in society.
Transcripts
hai hai
Hai pada 24 Jun 18 59 di kota soverino
Italia terjadi pertempuran antara
Tentara Perancis dan Austria perang ini
mengakibatkan sekitar 40.000 tentara
terluka dan tewas Jean Henry Dunant
seorang pengusaha Swiss yang tengah
melakukan perjalanan bisnis melewati dan
menyaksikan pertempuran berdarah itu
hatinya bergetar melihat beribu-ribu
tentara di kedua belah pihak dibiarkan
menderita akibat tidak adanya pelayanan
medis Henry Dunant tergerak menolong dan
mengajak penduduk setempat untuk
membantunya merawat para korban Tanpa
membeda-bedakan mereka kemudian mencatat
pesan-pesan terakhir mereka untuk
disampaikan kepada keluarganya dan dari
sinilah sejarah gerakan Palang Merah dan
bulan sabit merah di dunia bermula
sekembalinya ke Swiss pengalamannya di
solferino sangat Membekas dihatinya
Hai maka pada 1862 Dunant menulis buku
Memory of solferino yang berisi dua
gagasan yakni perlunya membentuk
organisasi sukarelawan yang disiapkan
pada masa damai untuk menolong para
prajurit yang terluka di medan perang
dan perlunya suatu perjanjian
internasional untuk memberi pengakuan
dan perlindungan kepada para sukarelawan
pada waktu bertugas dan kepada para
prajurit yang terluka di medan perang
kedua gagasan tersebut diwujudkan dengan
gerakan Palang Merah dan bulan sabit
Merah internasional dan hukum humaniter
internasional atau hi8 Palang Merah dan
bulan sabit Merah Internasional terdiri
dari tiga komponen pertama komite
internasional Palang Merah atau IC yang
didirikan pada 18 63 sebagai organisasi
kemanusiaan yang netral tidak memihak
dan mandiri icrc bertugas memberi
bantuan dana
cumi kehidupan dan martabat para korban
perang atau konflik bersenjata serta
mempromosikan dan mengembangkan hukum
humaniter internasional
Hai kedua Federasi Internasional
perhimpunan-perhimpunan Palang Merah dan
bulan sabit merah yang pada saat berdiri
tahun 1919 bernama Liga perhimpunan
Palang Merah organisasi ini diprakarsai
oleh Henry Polri Davidson Ketua Komite
bantuan perang Palang Merah Amerika
Federasi Internasional berfungsi sebagai
badan koordinasi antar perhimpunan
nasional di seluruh dunia dalam
memberikan bantuan kemanusiaan seperti
bencana ketiga adalah perhimpunan
nasional yang merupakan organisasi
kemanusiaan yang ada di setiap negara
anggota peserta Konvensi Jenewa saat ini
ada 192 negara yang menjadi anggota
gerakan kepalangmerahan di dunia
anggaran dasar gerakan menyatakan bahwa
dalam satu negara hanya ada satu
perhimpunan nasional perhimpunan
nasional di Indonesia adalah Palang
Merah Indonesia atau PMI hal ini
ditegaskan oleh undang-undang nomor
gue tahun 2018 tentang kepalangmerahan
PMI bertugas menyelenggarakan kegiatan
kepalangmerahan berupa pelayanan dan
bantuan kemanusiaan pada saat konflik
bersenjata bencana sosial kesehatan
pengelolaan darah dan melakukan
pembinaan relawan PMI beserta komponen
gerakan bersama-sama menyebarluaskan
nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di masyarakat
[Musik]
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