Types of Cells | Don't Memorise
Summary
TLDRThis educational script differentiates between plant and animal cells, highlighting key features such as cell walls, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. It explains that plant cells have a cell wall and a central vacuole, while animal cells lack these and have smaller, dispersed vacuoles. The script further clarifies that both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, possessing a true nucleus, contrasting with prokaryotic cells found in lower organisms like bacteria, which lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Takeaways
- đż Plant cells have a well-defined cell wall, while animal cells lack a cell wall and only have a cell membrane.
- đ Chloroplasts, which are unique to plant cells, are absent in animal cells.
- đ§ Plant cells contain a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells have many small vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
- 𧏠Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus and have a nucleoid instead, which is a region with genetic material but without a membrane.
- đŹ Eukaryotic cells, which include both plant and animal cells, have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- đŹ The term 'prokaryotic' suggests a primitive type of cell structure, while 'eukaryotic' indicates a more complex cell with a nucleus.
- đ± The presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts are key features that distinguish plant cells from animal cells.
- đĄ The shape of plant cells is defined by their cell walls, giving them a more rigid structure compared to the flexible shape of animal cells.
- đ§ The classification of cells into prokaryotic and eukaryotic is based on the presence or absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- đ Cells of lower organisms, such as bacteria, are classified as prokaryotic, while higher organisms have eukaryotic cells.
Q & A
What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of cell structure?
-The primary difference is that plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not. Plant cells also have a well-defined shape due to the cell wall, whereas animal cells lack a proper shape because they do not have a cell wall.
What is the function of the chloroplast in plant cells?
-Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
How do vacuoles differ in plant and animal cells?
-In plant cells, there is typically one large central vacuole that can occupy most of the cell space, while in animal cells, there are numerous small vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
What is the significance of the cell wall in plant cells?
-The cell wall in plant cells provides structural support and protection, and it also helps maintain the cell's shape.
Why do animal cells not have a defined shape?
-Animal cells do not have a cell wall, which is responsible for providing structure and maintaining shape in plant cells. Without a cell wall, animal cells are more flexible and can change shape.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of nucleus structure?
-Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus and have a nucleoid, which is an area with genetic material but without a membrane. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus with a membrane that encloses the genetic material.
Which type of cells are considered to be more primitive, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
-Prokaryotic cells are considered more primitive because they lack a well-defined nucleus and have simpler organelles.
Are all plant and animal cells classified as eukaryotic cells?
-Yes, both plant and animal cells are classified as eukaryotic cells because they have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are some examples of organisms that have prokaryotic cells?
-Lower organisms such as various bacteria have prokaryotic cells.
How does the organization of genetic material differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
-In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is found in a nucleoid, which is not membrane-bound and has a less organized structure. In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is contained within a well-defined nucleus with a membrane.
Outlines
đż Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
This paragraph introduces the differences between plant and animal cells. It explains that plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells lack a cell wall and have smaller, scattered vacuoles. The paragraph also clarifies that cells are classified into broader categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It contrasts prokaryotic cells, which lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with eukaryotic cells that have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The paragraph concludes by identifying animal cells, including the one discussed, as examples of eukaryotic cells.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄCell Wall
đĄChloroplast
đĄVacuole
đĄProkaryotic Cells
đĄEukaryotic Cells
đĄNucleoid
đĄCell Membrane
đĄCytoplasm
đĄOrganelles
đĄGenetic Material
đĄCell Classification
Highlights
Plant and animal cells can be distinguished by their characteristics.
Plant cells have a well-defined cell wall, while animal cells do not.
Animal cells have a cell membrane, which is also present in plant cells.
Plant cells have a defined shape due to the presence of a cell wall.
Animal cells lack a proper shape because they do not have a cell wall.
Chloroplasts are present in plant cells and are absent in animal cells.
Plant cells contain a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.
The central vacuole in plant cells can occupy most of the cell space.
Animal cells have smaller vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
Cells are broadly classified into Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus and have a nucleoid instead.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Animal cells are examples of Eukaryotic cells.
Plant cells are also categorized as Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are found in lower organisms, such as bacteria.
The classification of cells is not based solely on plant and animal cells.
Prokaryotic cells have genetic material in the form of a nucleoid, not a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells have a complex structure with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Transcripts
Here are two cells on your screen.
Can you tell me which one is a plant cell
and which is an animal cell by merely glancing at them ?
Donât worry !
Itâs not that difficult !
Plant and animal cells can be distinguished
from each other by merely looking at them.
The presence and absence of a few characters
are enough to let us know the differences.
Let us go through the differences one by one.
If we travel from outside of the cell to the inner core,
then the first difference we find
is the presence and absence of cell wall.
Plant cells have a proper, well-defined cell wall.
On the other hand,
animal cells do not have a cell wall at all !
They just have the cell membrane
which is also a part of the plant cell !
It is due to the cell wall
that the plant cells obtain this proper defined shape.
On the other hand, animal cells
do not have a proper shape because they lack cell wall.
The next obvious difference
is the presence of chloroplast in the plant cell.
This, as we have already studied,
is the exclusive organelle for plant cell.
It is absent in animal cells.
Can you now help me with the third difference ?
Thatâs right !
The presence of vacuoles.
Both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles.
However, in plant cells,
the vacuole is a large one located at the center.
While in animal cells,
there are numerous small sized vacuoles.
The central vacuole can occupy majority of the
cell space pushing other organelles to the periphery.
The case of animal cells is slightly different.
Here, the vacuoles are much smaller in size
and they are scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
Apart from these,
there are several other differences in these two cells.
But we will have a look at them in our higher grades.
For now, you tell me,
is classification of cells done only on these basis ?
Are there only two types of cells ?
Plant cells and animal cells ?
Think for a moment !
The answer is a definite no !
This was just the difference between plant and
animal cells.
This is not the way cells are classified.
Then how do we classify the cells ?
Cells are broadly classified in two major types.
Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells !
Here are the two types we are referring to !
This is a typical prokaryotic cell
and this is a eukaryotic cell.
Let us begin understanding the
difference between the two !
To begin with,
the name prokaryotic helps us know its structure.
The term âProâ indicates primitive
and the term âkaryonâ refers to a kernel
which means ânucleusâ in this case.
So do these cells have a primitive type of nucleus ?
Well, these cells do not actually have a
proper well-defined nucleus.
Can you see these thread like structures scattered
in the cytoplasm ?
This is nothing but the genetic material named nucleoid.
The nucleoid is analogous to the nucleus in our cells.
It has strands of DNA, RNA
and it carries the genetic information of the cell.
The only difference is that the nucleoid does not have a
compact shape and mainly lacks a proper membrane.
The next obvious difference is that the organelles
are also not membrane bound.
That means the prokaryotic cell does not have
well defined membranes for the different organelles.
On the other hand, the eukaryotic cell,
which means cell with a true nucleus has well defined,
membranes for nucleus as well as the other organelles.
There are several other features
but we will not get into their details for now.
Tell me one thingâŠ
Doesnât this look like an animal cell ?
Yes it does !
That is because this IS an animal cell !
So is animal cell an example of eukaryotic cell ?
Yes it is !
Both plant and animal cells
can be included in the category of eukaryotic cells.
So which cells will be in the prokaryotic type ?
Cells of lower organisms
like various bacteria have prokaryotic cells !
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