Sejarah Kelam Konflik Keagamaan Kristen-Muslim di Poso || VIVA SPOTLIGHT

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25 Dec 202204:46

Summary

TLDRThe Poso conflict, a series of riots in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the late 1990s, was fueled by economic competition between native Christians and Muslim migrants from overpopulated regions like Java and Bali. It began on Christmas Eve 1998 with a stabbing incident and escalated with religious clashes, police raids, and retaliatory attacks. The conflict led to over 500 deaths, hundreds injured, and thousands displaced. It ended in 2001 with the Malino Declaration, initiated by Jusuf Kalla, aiming for peace and reconciliation.

Takeaways

📅 The Poso conflict refers to a series of riots that occurred in Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the late 1990s.
👥 The conflict was fueled by government transmigration programs that brought in people from densely populated areas, causing economic competition between the native Christian population and the Muslim Bugis migrants.
🗣️ The conflict escalated with the fall of the New Order in Indonesia in 1998, particularly after a stabbing incident involving a Lambogia youth named Roy and a Muslim named Ahmad on Christmas Eve.
🚔 The police's destruction of alcohol, believed to be the root of the unrest by religious leaders, further exacerbated tensions.
⚔️ Clashes between Muslim and Christian youth groups intensified, leading to violence and the mobilization of groups by local political figures like Herman Parimo.
🏛️ In April 2000, a trial involving the misuse of rural credit funds by the Regent, Afgar Patanga, was marred by rumors of funds being used to hire attackers, leading to further violence.
🔥 A series of retaliatory attacks by both sides, including the burning of public facilities and homes, resulted in significant destruction and loss of life.
👮‍♂️ The police's response, including the deployment of Brimob from Palu, was met with further violence, including accidental shootings and retaliation from both communities.
🏗️ The conflict led to the destruction of thousands of homes and public facilities, and hundreds of people were killed or injured.
📜 The conflict ended with the Malino Declaration in December 2001, initiated by Jusuf Kalla, aimed at fostering peace and reconciliation in the region.

Q & A

What is the Poso conflict?
-The Poso conflict refers to a series of riots that occurred in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, in the late 1990s.
What was the government's transmigration program aimed at?
-The government's transmigration program was aimed at bringing people from densely populated areas, mostly Muslims from Java, Lombok, and predominantly Hindu Bali, to Poso.
How did the economic competition between the native Poso population and the newcomers contribute to the conflict?
-The economic competition between the native Christian population of Poso and the Muslim Bugis migrants contributed to tensions that eventually led to the Poso conflict.
What triggered the outbreak of the Poso conflict?
-The Poso conflict coincided with the fall of the New Order in Indonesia in 1998, particularly after a Lambogia youth named Roy attacked a Muslim named Ahmad Ridwan on Christmas Eve, December 24.
What was the initial response of religious leaders to the conflict?
-Religious leaders from both sides initially agreed that the root of the riots was the consumption of alcohol, leading to the police confiscation and destruction of thousands of alcoholic beverages.
Who led the second major clash in the Poso conflict?
-The second major clash was led by Herman Parimo, a member of the Poso Regional Legislative Council, who mobilized a group of Christians to attack on September 27, 1998.
What was the accusation against Bupati Afgar Patanga during his trial?
-Bupati Afgar Patanga was accused of misusing funds from a rural credit program, with rumors suggesting some funds were used to hire people to attack the courthouse and burn important documents during his trial in April 2000.
What was the prediction made by Cailani Umar, a member of the provincial DPRD from PPP, regarding the conflict?
-Cailani Umar predicted that more violence would occur if the then-candidate for Bupati, Damsik Laajani, was not elected, which led to further clashes the day after his prediction.
How did the police intervention in the Poso conflict escalate the situation?
-The police intervention escalated the situation when members of BRIMO (Mobile Brigade) from Palu accidentally fired into a crowd, killing two people and injuring several others, which led to further retaliation by the Red Christian group.
What was the Malino Declaration and who initiated it?
-The Malino Declaration was an agreement signed on December 20, 2001, that marked the end of the Poso conflict. It was initiated by Jusuf Kalla.
What were the consequences of the Poso conflict in terms of casualties and property damage?
-The Poso conflict resulted in 577 deaths, 384 injuries, the destruction of 7,932 houses, and the burning of 510 public facilities.

Outlines

00:00

😔 Conflict in Poso

The script describes a series of riots known as the Poso conflict, which occurred in the late 1990s in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The conflict was rooted in economic competition between the native Christian population and Muslim migrants from densely populated areas like Java, Lombok, and Bali, who were part of a government transmigration program. The violence escalated in 1998, coinciding with broader unrest in Indonesia. A specific incident on Christmas Eve involving the stabbing of a Muslim by a Christian youth led to further clashes. The police's destruction of alcohol, believed to be the root of the unrest, did not quell the violence. The conflict continued with incidents led by figures like Herman Parimo and involved political and religious tensions, leading to significant loss of life and property. The Malino Declaration in 2001, initiated by Jusuf Kalla, marked the end of the conflict.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Poso

Poso is a district in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which became the epicenter of a series of riots in the late 1990s. The keyword is central to the video's theme as it is the location where the conflict took place. The video discusses the events that unfolded in Poso, highlighting its significance in the narrative of the conflict.

💡Transmigration

Transmigration refers to the government program aimed at relocating people from densely populated areas to less populated ones. In the context of the video, it is mentioned as a factor contributing to the conflict in Poso, as it brought in people from areas with different religious backgrounds, leading to economic competition and social tension.

💡Economic Competition

Economic Competition is a situation where individuals or groups strive for the same limited resources. The video suggests that the transmigration program led to economic competition between the native Christian population of Poso and the Muslim migrants from areas like Java, Lombok, and Bali, which is a key element in understanding the root causes of the conflict.

💡Religious Tension

Religious Tension is the strain or conflict that arises from differences in religious beliefs or practices. The video highlights how the influx of Muslim migrants and the native Christian population in Poso led to religious tensions, which were a significant factor in the outbreak of violence.

💡Riots

Riots are violent disturbances of the peace by a crowd. The keyword is directly related to the main theme of the video, which documents a series of riots that occurred in Poso. The riots mentioned in the script are a central event that the video discusses, detailing their impact and consequences.

💡Natal

Natal, or Christmas, is a Christian holiday celebrated on December 25th. In the script, the keyword is used to mark the start of the conflict, as the riots began on Christmas Eve in 1998. This date is significant as it sets the timeline for the events discussed in the video.

💡Alcohol Ban

An Alcohol Ban refers to the prohibition of alcoholic beverages. The video mentions that religious leaders from both sides agreed that the root of the riots was alcohol, leading to a police crackdown and destruction of alcohol stocks. This action is depicted as a catalyst for further conflict, illustrating the complexity of the situation in Poso.

💡DPRD

DPRD stands for Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, which translates to Regional Representative Council in Indonesia. The keyword is mentioned in the context of a local political figure, Herman Parimo, who is an anggota (member) of the DPRD in Poso. His role in mobilizing a group of Christians is highlighted, showing the intertwining of local politics and the conflict.

💡Violence

Violence is the use of physical force to harm or kill someone. The video discusses multiple instances of violence, including attacks, riots, and retaliations, which are central to understanding the severity and nature of the conflict in Poso. The keyword is used repeatedly to describe the escalating situation and its tragic outcomes.

💡Malino Declaration

The Malino Declaration refers to a peace agreement signed on December 20, 2001, which marked the end of the Poso conflict. The keyword is significant as it represents a turning point in the narrative, indicating the conclusion of the violence and the beginning of a peace process initiated by Jusuf Kalla.

💡Human Rights Abuses

Human Rights Abuses involve the violation of the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. The video mentions sexual violence and the targeting of women and children, which are grave human rights abuses. These instances underscore the severity of the conflict and its impact on the civilian population.

Highlights

Konflik Poso is a term for a series of riots that occurred in Poso, Central Sulawesi, in the late 1990s.

The Poso area became a focus of the government's transmigration program.

The program aimed to bring people from densely populated areas, mostly Muslims from Java, Lombok, and predominantly Hindu Bali.

The new settlers led to economic competition between the native Christian population of Poso and the Bugis Muslim settlers.

The Poso conflict coincided with the 1998 riots in Indonesia, starting on Christmas Eve, December 24.

A young man from Lambogia named Roy attacked a Muslim named Ahmad, sparking religious tensions.

Religious leaders from both sides agreed that the root of the riots was the consumption of alcohol.

Police confiscated and destroyed thousands of alcoholic beverages.

A few days later, a Muslim youth found a liquor store guarded by Christian youths, leading to clashes.

On September 27, 1998, clashes occurred again, led by Herman Parimo, a member of the Poso Regional People's Representative Council.

In April 2000, a trial was held for Bupati Afgar Patanga, accused of misusing rural credit program funds.

There were rumors that some funds were used to hire masses to attack the courthouse and burn important documents.

On April 15, a member of the Provincial People's Representative Council predicted more violence if a certain candidate was not elected.

A Muslim youth claimed to be attacked by a group of Christian youths, leading to retaliation and further clashes.

The Poso Police Chief eventually brought in BRIMO from Palu, but during an attack, BRIMO members accidentally shot a crowd.

Two people died, and eight other Muslim youths were injured.

The Christian Red Group retaliated with attacks on Muslim civilians, including women and children, who were also subjected to sexual violence.

The Poso conflict resulted in 577 deaths, 384 injuries, and the destruction of 7,932 homes and 510 public facilities.

The riots ended on December 20, 2001, with the signing of the Malino Declaration, initiated by Jusuf Kalla.