3.1 MAKING SENSE OF THE PAST PART1

Summary

The video script discusses the importance of historical interpretation and the impact of history on present and future generations, using Dr. Jose Rizal's famous quote to emphasize the connection between past and present. It challenges the authenticity of the 'Code of Kalantiao,' a supposed ancient legal code from the Philippines, revealing it as a fabrication. The script also touches on the role of historians in shaping our understanding of history and the potential for manipulation through selective storytelling.

Takeaways

• 📚 The famous line 'ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita, mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda' is incorrectly attributed to Jose Rizal.
• 🌟 Rizal first encountered the word 'Kalayaan' at the age of 21.
• 🎓 The video discusses historical interpretation, the Code of Kalantiao, and multiperspectivity.
• 🧩 Historical interpretation involves analyzing primary sources and recognizing multiple interpretations of historical texts.
• 📈 History is not just about the past but also its impact on the present and future, shaping human experience.
• 🔍 Dr. Jose Rizal's saying emphasizes the importance of understanding one's past for personal growth.
• 📜 The Code of Kalantiao is a mythical legal code from the epic history of Maragtas, which was later revealed to be fictional.
• 🏛 Pedro Monteclaro compiled local legends of Visayas, including the Code of Kalantiao, in his book.
• 🗝️ The Code of Kalantiao was falsely believed to be a Penal Code established by Dato Bendahara Kalantiao in 1433.
• 🚫 William Henry Scott's research discredited the Code of Kalantiao as a historical document, linking it to a historical fiction.
• 🏞️ Despite being debunked, the Code of Kalantiao is still a source of pride for some communities in the Philippines.

Q & A

Who is Salma Abdulgani and what is her role in the video?

Salma Abdulgani is the presenter in the video, introducing and discussing various topics related to historical interpretation and the Code of Kalantiao.

What are the four main topics discussed in the video?

The four main topics discussed in the video are making sense of the past, historical interpretation, the Code of Kalantiao, and multiperspectivity.

What is the traditional view of history as mentioned in the script?

The traditional view of history focuses on documenting and understanding past events, including dates, figures, and places, providing a narrative of human experience over time.

How does the contemporary definition of history differ from the traditional view?

The contemporary definition of history emphasizes not just the past but also how it impacts, influences, and shapes the present and future, making historical events socially relevant.

What is the significance of Dr. Jose Rizal's famous saying in the context of history?

Dr. Jose Rizal's saying 'ang hindi marunong lumingon sa kanyang pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa kanyang paroroonan' serves as a reminder that one's current status is a result of past decisions and actions, highlighting the importance of understanding history.

What does Jofre Barl define history as, according to the script?

Jofre Barl defines history as the attempt to discover, on the basis of fragmentary evidence, the significant things about the past.

Why is it important to critically analyze historical events rather than just accepting them at face value?

It is important to critically analyze historical events to ensure the accuracy of our understanding, as history is often a series of accepted judgments rather than purely factual accounts, and historians may interpret events differently based on their perspectives.

What is the Code of Kalantiao and why is it significant?

The Code of Kalantiao is a mythical legal code in the epic history of Maragtas, which is significant as it was considered a source of pride for the people in Aklan and was believed to be the first Filipino lawgiver's penal code.

What did William Henry Scott's research reveal about the authenticity of the Code of Kalantiao?

William Henry Scott's research revealed that the Code of Kalantiao is not an authentic historical document but rather a fabrication, linking it to a historical fiction written by Jose E. Marco.

Why is the Code of Kalantiao still a topic of debate among historians and the public?

The Code of Kalantiao is still a topic of debate because it serves as a source of pride for the people of Aklan, and accepting that it is not a legitimate historical document can be difficult for those who identify with it.

What is multiperspectivity in the context of historical interpretation?

Multiperspectivity refers to the understanding that there can be multiple interpretations of historical events, influenced by the historian's personal, cultural, or political viewpoints.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Historical Interpretation and the Role of History

The first paragraph introduces the concept of history as not just a record of past events but as a tool to understand the present and future. It emphasizes the importance of historical interpretation and the impact of historical events on society. The paragraph discusses the traditional view of history as a documentation of past events and the contemporary view that sees history as socially relevant. It highlights the famous quote by Dr. Jose Rizal, emphasizing the importance of learning from the past to shape the future. The paragraph also touches on the idea that history is not just a collection of facts but a series of judgments and interpretations by historians, which can be influenced by personal, cultural, or political perspectives.

05:00

📜 The Myth of the Code of Kalantiao

The second paragraph delves into the myth surrounding the Code of Kalantiao, a supposed legal code from the epic history of Maragtas. The code is said to have been compiled by Pedro Monteclaro in 1907 and is considered a source of pride for the people of Aklan. It is claimed to have been established by Dato Bendahara Kalantiao, the third chief of Panay, in 1433. The paragraph lists some of the brutal punishments outlined in the code, such as being tied to a large stone and thrown into the river for theft or murder. However, the paragraph concludes with the revelation that the Code of Kalantiao is a fabrication, a finding supported by William Henry Scott's research, which discredits the code as a historical document.

10:03

🔍 Debunking the Code of Kalantiao

The third paragraph continues the discussion on the Code of Kalantiao, explaining that it was linked to a historical fiction written by Jose E. Marco in 1913, titled 'The Ancient Legends of the Island of Negros.' The paragraph points out that prominent historians did not agree with William Henry Scott's findings that the code was a fabrication. Despite this, some people, particularly in Negros, still believe in the legitimacy of the code due to its significance as a source of pride and identity. The paragraph concludes that the Code of Kalantiao is not recognized as part of Philippine history, challenging the notion that it represents a legitimate legal code from the past.

Keywords

💡Historical Interpretation

Historical interpretation refers to the process of understanding and explaining the past using historical evidence. It is a core concept in the video, as it emphasizes the importance of analyzing historical events from multiple perspectives. The video discusses how historians interpret events and how their judgments can shape our understanding of history. An example from the script is the debate over the authenticity of the Code of Kalantiao, which illustrates the complexity of historical interpretation.

💡Multiplicity of Interpretation

This concept highlights that historical texts and events can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the perspective of the historian or the cultural context. The video stresses the idea that history is not a single, objective narrative but is instead a collection of stories and interpretations. The discussion about the different views on the location of Magellan's first mass in the Philippines exemplifies this multiplicity.

💡Code of Kalantiao

The Code of Kalantiao is mentioned as a mythical legal code from the epic history of Maragtas. It is a significant part of the video's narrative because it serves as a case study for historical interpretation and the debate over historical authenticity. The video explains how the code was believed to be a source of pride for the people of Aklan but was later revealed to be a fabrication.

💡Pedro Monteclaro

Pedro Monteclaro is identified in the script as the author of the book 'Maragtas,' which compiled local legends of the Visayas. His work is crucial to the video's theme because it is through his compilation that the Code of Kalantiao was popularized, influencing historical understanding and local pride in the region.

💡Historical Fiction

Historical fiction is a genre that blends historical events and figures with imaginative elements to create a narrative. The video connects the Code of Kalantiao to historical fiction, suggesting that it might have been inspired by or confused with the works of Jose E. Marco, who wrote 'Las Antiguas Leyendas de la Isla de Negros.' This connection illustrates how fiction can influence perceptions of history.

💡Prehispanic Sources

Prehispanic sources refer to the historical documents, artifacts, or accounts from the period before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. The video mentions William Henry Scott's research on prehispanic sources, which challenges the authenticity of the Code of Kalantiao. This keyword is important as it relates to the reliability of historical records and the video's broader theme of historical interpretation.

💡Datu Bendahara Kalantiao

Datu Bendahara Kalantiao is a figure mentioned in the supposed Code of Kalantiao as the third chief of Panay. The video discusses how this figure and the code that bears his name have been a source of pride for some communities, despite scholarly findings that question its historical legitimacy.

💡Historical Marker

A historical marker is a sign or plaque that commemorates a historical event, structure, or individual. The video references a historical marker installed in Batan, Aklan, which commemorates the Code of Kalantiao. This keyword is relevant as it shows how historical narratives can be preserved and celebrated in public spaces, even if their authenticity is disputed.

💡Jose Rizal

Jose Rizal is a prominent Filipino national hero known for his influential writings during the Spanish colonial period. The video mentions Rizal in the context of his views on history and its importance for personal and national identity. His famous quote about not being able to reach the future without understanding the past is used to underscore the video's theme of historical interpretation.

💡Fragmentary Evidence

Fragmentary evidence refers to incomplete or partial historical data that historians must work with to reconstruct the past. The video discusses how historians use fragmentary evidence to make judgments about historical events, as exemplified by the debate over the Code of Kalantiao's authenticity.

Highlights

The famous line 'ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita, mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda' was not written by Jose Rizal.

Rizal's first encounter with the word 'Kalayaan' was at the age of 21.

The video discusses four topics: making sense of the past, historical interpretation, the Code of Kalantiao, and multiperspectivity.

Historical interpretation involves using primary sources to understand historical events.

History is not just about the past but also its impact on the present and future.

History helps us become more integrated human beings through understanding our past.

Jofre Barl defines history as an attempt to discover significant things about the past based on fragmentary evidence.

History we read, though based on facts, is not strictly factual but a series of accepted judgments.

Historians interpret history by deciding which aspects to focus on and how to interpret the data.

The Code of Kalantiao is a mythical legal code in the epic history of Maragtas.

Maragtas, written by Pedro Monteclaro in 1907, compiled local legends of Visayas.

The Code of Kalantiao was assumed to be one of Pedro Monteclaro's compilations and became a source of pride for the people in Aklan.

The code was said to contain 18 articles of commandments and punishments during that time.

The Code of Kalantiao was later revealed to be a fabrication by William Henry Scott in his 1968 research.

Scott's research linked the Code of Kalantiao to a historical fiction written by Jose E. Marco in 1913.

Despite Scott's findings, some people still believe in the legitimacy of the Code of Kalantiao due to its significance in their local history.

The Code of Kalantiao is not considered part of Philippine history by prominent historians.

Transcripts

did you know that the phone sa aking mga

kabata which includes the famous line

ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda was

actually not written by jose rizal did

you know that Rizal's first encounter of

the word Kalayaan was when he was 21

years old Good day everyone I am Salma a

abdulgani from bss w1a and we will

discuss four topics in this video making

sense of the past historical

interpretation code of kalantiao sa

aking mga kabata and multiperspectivity

before we dive into these topics These

are the learning objectives in this

chapter the students are expected to

interpret historical events using

primary source recognize the

multiplicity of interpretation that can

be read from a historical

text historically history has often been

find as the study of past events this

traditional view focuses on documenting

and understanding What happened in the

past dates events Figures and places

It's about recording and analyzing what

happened And why providing a narrative

of human experience over time but in a

more contemporary definition of history

history emphasizes not not just the past

But how it impacts or influences and

shapes the present and future historical

events are socially relevant in our

society because it help us to become

more integrated human beings This is

very similar to the famous saying of Dr

Jose Rizal ang hindi marunong lumingon

sa kanyang pinanggalingan ay hindi

makakarating sa kanyang paroroonan

because this is a reminder na kung ano

man ang status mo or kison mo ngayon or

in the present time it is the result of

your past decisions and actions your

past molded you to become who you are

today so jofre barl defines history as

the attempt to discover on the basis of

fragmentary evidence the significant

things about the past so kailangan natin

magtangka na matuklasan ang mahahalagang

pangyayari sa pamamagitan ng

katibayan o ebidensya upang maintindihan

o matuklasan natin ang mga pangyayari sa

nakaraan hindi porket sinabi ni kuan na

ganito ganyan ang nangyari ay maniniwala

ka na agad sinabi lang ni maritz na

nabalo ang anak ni Sisa ay naniwala ka

na agad t's pinagkalat mo pa we need to

analyze and pag tagpi-tagpi in ang mga

ebidensya para malaman kung totoo nga ba

ang

nangyari he also notes the history we

read though bason facts is strictly

speaking not factual at all but a series

of accepted judgments ang kasaysayan na

binabasa natin kahit na nakabatay sa mga

katotohanan hindi naman talaga ganap na

makatotohanan kundi isang serye ng mga

paghuhusga ano ba kahulugan nito ang

kasaysayan ay nakabase sa mga aktwal na

kaganapan at datos tulad ng mga petsa

lugar at tauhan ang mga pang

nangyayaring ito ay may tunay na

pinagmulan at pinapalabas sa mga tala o

dokumento sa kabila ng pagiging batay sa

mga katotohanan ang paraan ng

pagpapahayag ng kasaysayan ay hindi

ganap na obhetibo ang mga historyan at

manunulat ng kasaysayan ay naglalapat ng

kanilang mga sariling interpretasyon

pananaw at paghuhusga sa mga kaganapan

ang kasaysayan ay hindi lamang isang

simpleng paglalahad ng mga nangyari ito

ay bubuo ng mga desisyon kung paano

iprepresent ang mga kaganapan Aling

aspeto ang bigyang diin at kung paano

iinterpret ang mga datos ang mga

desisyong ito ay madalas na naaapektuhan

ng personal kultural o politikal na

pananaw ng mga

historian halimbawa na lamang ay ang

location ng first mass ni magelan dito

sa Pilipinas napag-aralan natin sa

previous lesson If I'm not mistaken ay

sa chapter 2.1 wherein na mention doun

sa book ni pigafetta na pumunta sila in

this certain Island hindi pinangalanan

to held Magellan's first mass one of the

Filipino historians Vicente de Jesus

claimed that the first mass was held at

maso isang Village sa Butuan in the

Southern region in Mindanao ang kanyang

dahilan ay dahil wala naman daw na

mention sa book ang place na limasawa

habang ang ibang historya naman ay

naniniwala na sa limasawa ito na health

such judgments of historians on how the

past should be seen make the foundation

of historical interpretation so history

can be manipulated or altered this can

be achieved by creating events that

actually did not happen altering o

pinapalitan yyung mga events that

actually did happen yyung mga iba pang

huge events kung saan ito ay totoong

nangyari ay somehow kinakalimutan na

lang dahil yung alternate Version ay mas

tinatanggap nila bilang tama What will

be the result of this act

the knowledge of the truth will die with

those who live or Witness it and the

alternative version will be universally

accepted as true Although historians is

also a Mere human who are capable in

making mistakes but they should be

careful or cautious in setting down

judgments about history because any

unsuitable information may lead people

to uncertainty that is why historical

interpretation is based on the

historian's judgment on how the to pass

should be seen and this historical

interpretation is Actually serving as

the historian's helping tool in

describing analyzing evaluating and

creating an explanation of

past now Let's move forward so k Ano nga

ba ang code of calantiao so the code of

calantiao is a mythical legal code in

the epic history maragtas give you

background details maragtas is Actually

a book written by Pedro Monte claro in

1907 He compiled all the local Legends

of Visayas and it is assumed that the

code of kalantiao is one of his

compilations in fact it became a source

of Pride for the people in Aklan There

Was even a historical marker installed

in the town of Batan Aklan in

1956 with the following text code of

calantiao Dato bendahara calantiao third

chief of Panay born

established his government in the

Peninsula of batang Aklan sakup

considered the first Filipino lawgiver

he promulgated in about 1433 a Penal

Code now known as code of calantiao

containing 18 articles Don Marcelino

aelia of zaragosa Spain obtained the

original manuscript from an old chief of

Panay which was later translated into

Spanish by rapael mvid izam if you

notice the code of galanti was the sa

last name ng chief of Panay na si Dato

bendahara calantiao and it says there

that it contains 18 articles now Ano ang

mga content nito the 18 articles consist

of Datu bendahara calantiao commandments

And punishments during that time if you

dare to disobey the Penal Code or the

commandments of Datu bendahara you will

face immoral and brutal

punishments sa article 1 Itatali ka sa

malaking Bato at paaano rin sa ilog o di

ka k ay sa kumukulong tubig kapag ikaw

ay nahuling pumatay nagnakaw o nanakit

ng matanda sa Article 2 ikaw ay dapat na

tapat na magbayad ng iyong utang sa

iyong pinuno ang sinumang hindi tutupad

sa unang pagkakataon ay paparusahan ng

isang daang palo at kung malaki ang

utang ang kanyang kamay ay ilulubog ng

tatlong beses sa kumukulong tubig sa

paghatol siya ay hahagupitin hanggang

kamatayan sa article 3 walang sino man

ang maaaring magkaroon ng asawang

napakabata ni hindi sila hihigit sa kaya

niyang pangalagaan o gugul gool ng labis

na karangyaan siya na hindi tumupad

hindi sumunod ay hahatulan na lumangoy

ng tatlong oras at sa pangalawang

pagkakataon ay hahagupitin ng mga tinig

hanggang sa kamatayan sa Article 4 Huwag

guluhin ang kapayapaan ng mga libingan

dapat naibigay ang nararapat na

paggalang sa mga kuweba at mga puno kung

saan si sila ay naroroon ang sinumang

hindi sumusunod ay mamamatay sa kagat ng

mga langgam o hahagupitin gamit ang

tinig hanggang sa mamatay sa article 5

ang palitan ng pagkain ay dapat na

isagawa ng tapat ang sinumang hindi

susunod ay paparusahan ng isang oras na

pagpalo ang sinumang mauulit ang

pagkakasala ay ilalantad sa mga langg sa

loob ng isang araw sa article 6 naman

dapat ninyong igalang ang mga kagalang

galang na lugar mga punong may kilalang

halaga at iba pang mga lugar ang

sinumang hindi susunod ay kinakailangang

magbayad ng isang buwan ng paggawa sa

anyo ng ginto o pera at kung ang

paglabag ay mauulit ng dalawang beses

siya ay idedeklara na Alipin Ilan lamang

iyan sa mga brutal punishments na dala

ng batas na ito fortunately the code of

calantiao was revealed as Hawks Hawks

means di makatotohanan walang kabuluhan

o gawa-gawa lamang This was according to

William Henry Scott on his research

entitled prehispanic sources in

Philippine history conducted in

University of Santo Thomas on 1968

iniugnay niya ang code na ito ang code

of gantio sa historical fiction na

isinulat ni Jose E Marco noong 1913 na

pinamagatang las antiguas leyende De La

Isla de Negros in English

the ancient Legends of the island of

negros at iniugnay o ni kredit pa ni

Tony Marco sa isang pari na si Jose

Maria pavon as you observe wala namang

nabanggit na Chief od Dat bendahara

kalantiao sa kanilang research and

imagine nung 1433 pa ginawa ang code of

calantiao so di pa sila

ipinanganganak and yung mga prominent o

tanyag na historian did not descent to

scott's finding meaning hindi sila tutol

and agree sila sa findings ng research

ni Scott But there are still who would

like to believe that the code is a

legitimate document specifically iyung

mga tao sa Negros because Iyung code of

kalantiao serve as their pride o doon

sila nakilala kaya mahirap para sa

kanila na tanggapin na ang code of

calantiao ay hindi lehitimo o

makatotohanan therefore the code of

kalantiao was not part of the Philippine

history