Muscle Theory - Agonists, antagonists, synergists and fixators
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the mechanics of muscle contraction, explaining how muscles pull to create movement. It highlights the roles of agonist muscles that contract during movement and antagonist muscles that relax. The concept of synergists, which assist in movement, and fixators, which stabilize the body, is introduced. Examples like bicep curls and leg curls are used to illustrate these roles, encouraging viewers to analyze diagrams and identify the prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators in various exercises.
Takeaways
- đȘ Muscles can only pull, not push, and they create movement by contracting and getting smaller.
- đ€žââïž Muscles work in pairs, with one set contracting (agonist) and the other relaxing (antagonist) to facilitate movement.
- đïžââïž The prime mover, or agonist, is the main muscle responsible for a particular movement.
- đ§ The antagonist is the muscle that must relax or stretch to allow the movement initiated by the agonist.
- đ€žââïž In a stomach crunch, the rectus abdominis (abdominals) are the agonists, while the erector spinae (lower back) are the antagonists.
- đïžââïž Synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover by joining in and helping to perform the exercise.
- đ Fixators are muscles that contract statically to stabilize parts of the body and maintain a correct position during an exercise.
- đȘ For a bicep curl, the biceps are the prime movers, the triceps are the antagonists, and the deltoids act as fixators.
- đïžââïž In a triceps extension, the triceps are the agonists, while the biceps act as antagonists.
- đ§ââïž Exercises like the seated row and step-up involve multiple muscle groups working together as agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators.
Q & A
What is the primary function of muscles in movement?
-Muscles primarily function to create movement by contracting and pulling on bones; they cannot push.
How do muscles work in pairs to facilitate movement?
-Muscles work in pairs where one muscle contracts (agonist) and the opposing muscle relaxes (antagonist) to allow movement.
What is the term for the main muscle that contracts during a movement?
-The main muscle that contracts to bring about a movement is called the prime mover or agonist.
What is the term for the muscle that relaxes as the prime mover contracts?
-The muscle that relaxes or stretches to allow movement while the prime mover contracts is called the antagonist.
In the context of a stomach crunch, which muscle is the agonist?
-In a stomach crunch, the agonist is the abdominals or the rectus abdominis.
What is the role of the erector spinae in a stomach crunch?
-The erector spinae acts as the antagonist in a stomach crunch, relaxing to allow the abdominals to contract and move.
What are synergists in the context of muscle function during exercise?
-Synergists are muscles that assist or help the prime mover during an exercise by contributing to the movement.
What is the function of a fixator muscle during an exercise?
-A fixator muscle contracts statically to stabilize parts of the body and maintain a correct or stable position during an exercise.
In a bicep curl, which muscle acts as the fixator?
-In a bicep curl, the deltoid muscle acts as the fixator, keeping the arm fixed in position.
What is the difference between a prime mover, synergist, and fixator in an exercise?
-The prime mover is the main muscle working during an exercise, synergists assist the prime mover, and fixators stabilize the body to maintain position.
Can you provide an example of a synergist muscle in a triceps extension exercise?
-In a triceps extension, the synergist muscles could include the brachioradialis and the brachialis, which help in extending the forearm.
Outlines
đȘ Understanding Muscle Contraction and Movement
This paragraph introduces the fundamental concept of muscle contraction and how it leads to movement. It explains that muscles can only pull, not push, and when they contract, they get smaller, creating movement. Muscles are attached to bones and work in pairs, with one set of muscles contracting while the other relaxes. The main muscle responsible for a movement is called the prime mover or agonist, while the muscle that relaxes is the antagonist. The paragraph uses the example of a stomach crunch, where the abdominals are the prime movers and the erector spine muscles are the antagonists. It challenges the viewer to identify the agonist and antagonist in various exercises depicted in diagrams.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄMuscle Contraction
đĄPrime Mover (Agonist)
đĄAntagonist
đĄSynergist
đĄFixator
đĄMuscle Pairs
đĄStomach Crunch
đĄBicep Curl
đĄChin Up
đĄShoulder Press
đĄThigh Extension
Highlights
Muscles can only pull, not push, creating movement as they contract.
Muscles are attached to bones and work in pairs to facilitate movement.
The main muscle that contracts during movement is called the prime mover or agonist.
The muscle that relaxes as the prime mover contracts is known as the antagonist.
An example of prime mover is the abdominals during a stomach crunch.
The antagonist in a stomach crunch would be the erector spine or lower back muscles.
Synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover during an exercise.
Fixators are muscles that contract statically to maintain body parts in a stable position.
In a bicep curl, the biceps are the prime movers, the triceps are the antagonists, and the deltoids act as fixators.
The brachialis muscle is a synergist in a bicep curl, assisting the biceps in lifting the weight.
For a lying leg curl, the primary muscle working is the hamstring, with the quadriceps as the antagonist.
In a bicep curl, the main muscle (biceps) contracts while the opposite muscle (triceps) relaxes.
During a chin-up, the prime movers are the latissimus dorsi and biceps, with the antagonist being the muscles in the front.
In a bench press, the pectoral muscles are the prime movers, with the antagonists being the muscles in the upper back.
For a shoulder press, the deltoids are the prime movers, and the antagonists would be the muscles in the front of the shoulders.
In a thigh extension, the quadriceps are the prime movers, with the hamstrings as the antagonists.
Understanding the roles of agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators is crucial for proper exercise execution.
Transcripts
understanding of muscle contraction
Theory so muscles can only pull okay so
when they get smaller it creates
movement and therefore that lifts away
so they can never push and muscles bring
about movement because they are attached
to
Bone muscles also work in pairs the
muscles on the front of a limb are
matched by the muscles at the back
so the main muscle that contracts to
bring about a movement is called the
prime mover or The Agonist so in this
example here this um gentleman is
performing a stomach crunch so the prime
mover or The Agonist in this case is
going to be the abdominals or the rectus
abdominus now the opposite muscle that
relaxes as the prime mover contracts is
called the antag
again so in this diagram while the prime
mover or the main muscle that's working
is called the is the abdominals or the
rectus
abdominis the antagonist so the muscle
that's having to relax or to stretch to
allow movement will be your erector
spine ey or the lower
back so what I'd like you to do is have
a so what I'd like you to do is have a
look at these diagrams um and work out
which is the main muscle that's working
and what's the muscle that's opposite so
you have the first diagram is a lying
leg curl
okay the second diagram is a bicep
curl this one will be tricky this will
be a chin up a wide grip chin
up this one's a bench
press this is a shoulder press and this
is a thigh extend
okay so go through those pictures and
work out which one's going to be The
Agonist and antagonist so pause this
video and um give this activity a
go Okay so we've talked about um Prime
movers and agonists and antagonists okay
so now we need to talk about um two
other elements to this okay so when
performing an exercise other muscles may
join in and assist or help the prime
mover these muscles are called
synergists muscles can also contract
statically to fix parts of the body in
order to maintain a correct or stable
position when a muscle performs this
function it is called a
fixator okay so for a bicep curl the
prime mover or the main muscle that's
working is called the
biceps the antagonist which is the
opposite muscle so that's the biceps
here the opposite muscle is going to be
the
triceps the fixator here is the deltoid
because if the deltoid wasn't working
then the whole arm would come up in
front of you okay so the deltoids are
working statically to keep the arm fixed
in that position and the synergists are
the brachialis or the muscles just above
the forearm does that helping the biceps
lift the
weight so again here's some exercises
you've got a triceps extension you've
got a seated row and you've got a step
up and I'd like you to think about what
exercises would be the synergist what
muscles would be the synergist and what
muscle would be the fixator
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