Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration | Week 8 | SCIENCE 9 - QUARTER 1 (MELC 5)
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Sir Emman, a public school science teacher, explores the fundamental processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, essential for understanding energy conversion in living organisms. He explains that photosynthesis, occurring in plants, algae, and certain bacteria, uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, takes place in all living cells, particularly in mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP. The video contrasts these processes, highlighting their significance in sustaining life and the environment.
Takeaways
- đ± Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates.
- đââïž Cellular respiration is the process by which all living organisms break down complex molecules like sugar to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
- đ The primary source of energy for life on Earth is the sun, which powers both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
- đ Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, the organelles in plant cells that contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light.
- đ Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, where energy is released from sugar molecules.
- đż Autotrophs, such as plants, are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs rely on consuming other organisms for energy.
- đ Photosynthesis consists of two stages: the light-dependent reaction, which requires sunlight and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle), which uses these molecules to produce sugar.
- â»ïž Cellular respiration involves several steps, including glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, to convert sugar and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
- đ Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential for the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere, contributing to the Earth's ecosystems.
- đŹ Understanding these two processes is crucial for learning about energy transfer and the role of plants in sustaining life on Earth.
Q & A
What is the essential learning competency in science for the topic of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
-The essential learning competency is to differentiate the basic features and importance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
What is the primary source of energy required for performing various activities?
-The primary source of energy required for performing activities is the sun, which provides energy through sunlight.
What are autotrophs and how are they related to photosynthesis?
-Autotrophs are organisms, like plants, some bacteria, and algae, capable of making their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?
-Chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy and gives plants their green color; it plays a crucial role in the photosynthesis process.
What are the reactants and products of the photosynthesis process?
-The reactants in photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and light energy, while the products are sugar (glucose) and oxygen.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis and what happens in each?
-The two stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reaction, which occurs in the thylakoid membranes and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle), which occurs in the stroma and uses ATP and NADPH to produce carbohydrates.
How does cellular respiration differ from photosynthesis in terms of where it occurs?
-Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of all living cells, unlike photosynthesis, which occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
-The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down complex molecules like sugar to release energy in the form of ATP.
What are the reactants and products of the cellular respiration process?
-The reactants in cellular respiration are sugar and oxygen, and the products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
What are the different stages of cellular respiration?
-The stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate processing (oxidation), the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other in the context of energy?
-Photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugar, while cellular respiration breaks down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP, thus they are complementary processes in the energy cycle.
Outlines
đ± Introduction to Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Sir Emman, a science teacher, introduces the topic of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, emphasizing their importance in the curriculum for science students. He uses everyday activities to illustrate the need for energy and explains that energy is derived from food and sunlight. Photosynthesis is described as the process by which plants and certain bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates. The process is central to autotrophs, which are organisms that can produce their own food. The teacher invites students to compare these processes side by side, setting the stage for a deeper exploration of the mechanisms involved.
đł Exploring the Mechanism of Photosynthesis
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of photosynthesis, highlighting that it occurs in chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is responsible for absorbing light and giving plants their green color. The process involves carbon dioxide and water, along with light energy, to produce sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is presented, and the paragraph explains the two stages of photosynthesis: the light-dependent reaction, which requires sunlight and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, which does not require light and uses ATP and NADPH to produce carbohydrates.
đŹ The Significance of Photosynthesis in Ecosystems
Paragraph three discusses the broader implications of photosynthesis, noting its role in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and producing essential carbohydrates and oxygen. The paragraph transitions into cellular respiration, which is the process of breaking down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration is described as a process that occurs in all living organisms, primarily in the mitochondria. The paragraph outlines the stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, which ultimately convert sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
đ Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
The final paragraph provides a comparative overview of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It contrasts the two processes, noting that photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, while cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms. The paragraph summarizes the locations, reactants, and products of each process, emphasizing how photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugar and oxygen, whereas cellular respiration uses sugar and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. The video concludes with a hopeful message that the information has been helpful for understanding these vital biological processes.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄPhotosynthesis
đĄCellular Respiration
đĄChloroplast
đĄMitochondria
đĄATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
đĄNADPH
đĄCalvin Cycle
đĄGlycolysis
đĄKrebs Cycle
đĄElectron Transport Chain
Highlights
Energy is essential for performing various activities in daily life.
Energy is obtained through eating and sunlight, with the sun being the main source of energy on Earth.
Autotrophs, like plants, can produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates.
The chloroplast, containing chlorophyll, is the site of photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria.
Photosynthesis involves carbon dioxide and water, producing sugar and oxygen as by-products.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis shows the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.
Photosynthesis has two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and produce ATP and NADPH.
The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP.
Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of all living organisms.
The process of cellular respiration involves glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Cellular respiration converts sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential processes for energy conversion in living organisms.
Photosynthesis reduces carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, while cellular respiration consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
The video provides a clear comparison between the basic features and processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Transcripts
hi this is sir emman a public school
science teacher
it's a visionary topaz last topic but as
a quarter 1 and science 9.
synthesis and cellular respiration
processes nato make sure the panoram
atapus is
essential learning competency in science
nine which is
differentiate the basic features and
importance of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration
and basic features and the long process
and after we will be comparing them
side by side
and i want you first to take a look at
these pictures on the screen
first picture a couple
exercises next
picture an athlete a swimmer who is um
obviously swimming
third picture a singer trying to hit
a high note he does a expression
next you have a child who is thinking
thinking about something
next a woman who is right there at the
same time thinking about what she is
going to write
and lastly you have your dancers who are
performing their
dance step okay so here's the question
what do you think is required for us to
perform
this different activities
if you've answered energy then you are
actually correct you know
in science we define energy as the
capacity to do work
this is basically what we need for us to
to perform the different activities
in our daily life so far
now this actually leads us to the next
question how do we obtain
energy energy
now if you've answered through eating
then you're actually correct
through sunlight then you're actually
correct i know
actually it is the sun that is the main
source of energy
on this planet okay for organisms who
depend on other organisms for food and
power that is
we're not capable of making our own food
we depend on other organisms for food
okay
whereas this organism plants are capable
of making their own food
these are what we refer to as the
autotrophs
solitude photosynthesis and cellular
respiration
processes
and energy from the sun okay so
uh synthesis
photosynthesis so basically when you
speak of photosynthesis
it pertains to the process of converting
sun's energy into chemical energy in the
form of sugar
or carbohydrate so given the term itself
photosynthesis a photo means light and
synthesis
means production so it's production of
something
of sugar or carbohydrate using
sunlight okay
some photosynthetic bacteria and
because they're capable of making their
own food
okay so photosynthesis process of
synthesizing sugar
using sunlight okay and it basically
takes place in
autotrophs plants some bacteria
and algae now some other plants
uh photosynthesis it actually takes
place in the chloroplast an organelle
containing the pigment chlorophyll
that absorbs life
chromosomes
here's a larger picture of the
chloroplast
you have the outer membrane inner
membrane and the more structures
okay so this chloroplast contains the
chlorophyll which is the pigment that
absorbs light
okay it also is the one that gives
plants
its green color okay now aside from sun
this process actually involves carbon
dioxide so you
uh gaseous waste material acting in the
exhale
as we have discussed previously together
with water
we're acting with light energy again to
produce
sugar and at the same time oxygen so
another by-product of this process
is oxygen okay so with this we will be
able to come up with the chemical
equation
which is this so photosynthesis
um left part these are the reactants or
the ingredients
after nominal arrow and huma products
nonprocess that
so calarandito reactants or ingredients
would be carbon dioxide to exhale
so together with water reacting with
light
energy produces certain light energy
produces sugar in this case in the form
of glucose
spreading other forms of sugar and at
the same time
oxygen okay so this is the process
we call photosynthesis now this process
is actually consists of two stages
we have what we call light dependent
reaction and the other one
is the light independent reaction
so given the term itself light dependent
reaction so naka depends a light
this is the stage that requires photons
or energy
from the sun sunlight
okay it takes place within between tyler
coins
so you'll be able to see here pancake
like structures or dislike structures
so in between
so it makes use of light and at the same
time water to produce
oxygen so basically this is the face
where oxygen is produced and released to
the atmosphere so aside from oxygen it
produces two energy carrying molecules
you have atp or the adenosine
triphosphate
atp this is the energy currency of the
cell this is the form of energy
so it's a light dependent reaction it
will form atp
aside from atp it also produces nadph
or nicotinamide adenine nucleotide
phosphate hydrogen this is an energy
carrying molecule
that is needed uh on the next stage
which is the light independent reaction
okay so light dependent kellogg and into
another light
it happens in between the thylakoid it
produces oxygen
and these two energy carrying molecules
the atp which is the energy currency of
the cell
and the nadph which is needed on the
next
stage so put them in diagonal stage
we have light independent reaction or
also referred to as the calvin
cycle so given the term itself light
independent
independent shenanigans this stage does
not require
light it does not need light anymore
on stage okay would be dark reactions
independent reaction or calvin cycle
it is the stage of photosynthesis that
does not require light
okay
in the stroma still inside of the
chloroplasts
water and light energy lithium and
medium carbon dioxide
together with nadph one of the energy
carrying molecules and a produced
satellite reaction to form or produce
your carbohydrate
or sugar can you end up producing oxygen
to stage the monotonical produce
okay so or is a store in the form of
starch
stems that will allow them to
grow okay that's basically what
photosynthesis is all about
so you probably have seen how important
this process is i know
um it actually reduces the carbon
dioxide in the air
uh at the same time it produces the
carbohydrate that we need
uh can be source of our energy and also
gives us
the oxygen that we need
how do we make use of this stored energy
this chemical energy in the form of
sugar or
starch
it's actually through the process we
call cellular
respiration so international process
cellular respiration
so for cellular respiration this is the
process
of breaking down complex molecules such
as sugar
to release energy in the form of atp or
again adenosine
triphosphate so
respiration is a respiration
respiratory system when you speak of
respiration it means breathing
or exchange of gases when you speak of
cellular respiration
in the context of bioenergetics when
we're talking about energy
it's actually the process of breaking
down
so you have restored energy in the form
of sugar you break it down to release
that energy in the form of
atp the energy currency of the cell
parameter
so you product the sugar
after you know photosynthesis it'll be
broken down through the process
cellular respiration so unlike you
photosynthesis which takes place in
autotrophs
in plants and photosynthetic algae
i mean bacteria and algae cellular
respiration it actually occurs
in all living things
cellular respiration so if
photosynthesis takes place in the
chloroplast
cellular respiration takes place in the
mitochondria
the powerhouse of a cell we have here
an artist's rendition of an animal cell
in a plant cell
because it plants el shalom comparing
the two you make lot of plaster
perro pareos
or mitochondrion you know singular so
this basically
the place where cellular respiration
takes place
okay larger picture would be this so the
problem involved
aside from the sugar which is being
turned into
atp so adito it involves
sugar and oxygen so
to make use of the stored energy
okay reacting so they react together
to produce carbon dioxide that's uh the
waste material
water and the energy in the form of atp
so after cellular respiration using that
sugar and oxygen marinating energy
would be the sugar okay the chemical
energy
together with oxygen that
we need to inhale oxygen that brings
uh or resorts to
carbon dioxide production of carbon
dioxide
water and of course the energy in the
form of atp
which is needed by the cell there are
uh different steps or stages you have
first glycolysis
followed by the pyruvate processing or
oxidation
you have the krebs cycle or the citric
acid cycle and lastly you have the
electron transport chains after this
you adding sugar will be turned into uh
energy in the form of atp which will be
used by the body
okay now basic features in the long
process
side by side so you have your on one
side photosynthesis
and on the other side cellular
respiration
so tumeric is a photosynthesis when you
speak of photosynthesis
it occurs in plants algae and
photosynthetic bacteria cellular
respiration
it occurs in all living things
for the synthesis you make use of sun's
energy and then you convert that
into chemical energy in the form of
sugar
cellular respiration and sugar in the
man you broke
you broke it down to release energy in
the form of
atp okay so montgomery texila for
photosynthesis it takes place in the
chloroplast
the organelle containing the chlorophyll
which absorbs light
and cellular respiration it takes place
in the mitochondria
for photosynthesis you make use of
carbon dioxide
water and light energy to form sugar and
oxygen
and for cellular respiration you make
use of sugar and oxygen
to form carbon dioxide water and energy
in the form of atp now this ends
our video on photosynthesis and cellular
respiration hopefully this has helped
you
to understand the basic features of this
two important processes
and to compare and contrast them side by
side
in video para series not in paris the
first quarter in science night
somebody
see you on the next videos bye everyone
[Music]
you
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