What Causes Monkeypox? | Monkeypox Outbreak 2022 | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz

Summary

The script discusses the resurgence of monkeypox, a zoonotic disease first identified in monkeys in 1958 and later found in humans in 1970. It is transmitted from animals to humans through direct contact or consumption of undercooked meat. Symptoms include fever, skin eruptions, and flu-like signs. With the eradication of smallpox, which shared a vaccine, the new generation is more susceptible to monkeypox. Prevention involves isolation, hygiene, and proper food handling.

Takeaways

• 🐒 Monkeypox, also known as 'monkey box', is a viral disease that was first discovered in 1958.
• 🌐 It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can transmit from animals to humans, and was initially found in monkeys.
• 🧬 The virus causing monkeypox is related to the viruses that cause smallpox and cowpox, and has an oval-shaped appearance.
• 🐭 Besides monkeys, the virus can also be found in other animals, particularly rodents.
• 🤒 Human infection occurs through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or mucosal secretions of infected animals or by consuming undercooked meat from infected animals.
• 🤕 Symptoms of monkeypox in humans include fever, chills, muscle pain, headaches, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by skin eruptions.
• 🌍 The disease has the potential to spread globally due to international travel and contact with infected individuals or animals.
• 💉 The eradication of smallpox and the subsequent cessation of smallpox vaccination may have contributed to the re-emergence of monkeypox, as the vaccine also provided protection against it.
• 🛡️ To protect against monkeypox, it is important to isolate infected individuals, avoid contact with infected materials, practice good hygiene, and cook food properly.
• 📅 The first human case of monkeypox was identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in 2003, there was an outbreak in the USA linked to imported pet prairie dogs.

Q & A

What is 'monkey box' as mentioned in the script?

Monkey box is a colloquial term for monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by a virus that can transmit from animals to humans.

When was monkeypox first discovered?

Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 during outbreaks among monkeys kept for research.

How is monkeypox transmitted to humans?

Human infection can occur through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or mucosal secretions of infected animals, or by consuming undercooked meat from infected animals.

What are the initial symptoms of monkeypox in humans?

Initial symptoms include flu-like signs such as fever, chills, muscle pain, headaches, and swollen lymph nodes.

What are the skin-related symptoms of monkeypox?

Skin eruptions start within one to three days of the fever, leading to fluid-filled bumps on the face, palms, and soles of the feet.

How long does the monkeypox rash typically last?

The rash caused by monkeypox can last for about two to four weeks before it starts to resolve.

Why might monkeypox have re-emerged as a concern?

One possible reason for the re-emergence of monkeypox is the eradication of smallpox, which led to the discontinuation of smallpox vaccines that also provided protection against monkeypox.

What can be done to prevent the spread of monkeypox?

To prevent spread, it's important to isolate infected individuals, avoid contact with materials contaminated by infected individuals or animals, practice good hygiene, and ensure food is properly cooked.

Is monkeypox a serious disease, and what is the prognosis?

Monkeypox is usually mild, and most people recover within a few weeks. However, it can spread through close contact and may become severe in some cases.

When was the first human case of monkeypox identified?

The first human case of monkeypox was identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a nine-month-old boy.

What was the situation with monkeypox in the USA in 2003?

In 2003, 47 confirmed and probable cases of monkeypox were reported in six states of the USA due to contact with imported pet prairie dogs.

Outlines

00:00

🐒 Understanding Monkeypox: Origins and Transmission

Monkeypox, a resurgent viral disease, was first identified in monkeys in 1958 and later found to infect humans in central and western Africa in the 1970s. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The virus, which is oval-shaped and belongs to the same family as smallpox and cowpox, can be found in various animals, particularly rodents. Human infection typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals' blood, bodily fluids, or mucosal, or by consuming undercooked meat. Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle pain, headaches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and eventually skin eruptions that form fluid-filled bumps, primarily on the face, palms, and soles. The disease can spread among humans through close contact, and its recent emergence in various countries may be linked to the cessation of smallpox vaccinations, which also protected against monkeypox. To prevent infection, it is crucial to isolate infected individuals, avoid contact with contaminated materials, practice good hygiene, and ensure proper food preparation.

05:01

🌐 Monkeypox Outbreaks and Prevention

In 2003, the USA reported 47 confirmed and probable cases of monkeypox in six states, stemming from contact with imported pet prairie dogs. This incident underscores the potential for the disease to spread through pet trade and emphasizes the importance of awareness and preventive measures. The video script ends with a playful scene suggesting the importance of learning and preparedness, possibly alluding to the broader context of public health education and vigilance.

Keywords

💡Monkeypox

Monkeypox is a viral disease that has historically been found in monkeys but can also infect humans and other animals. The term is central to the video's theme as it is the disease being discussed. The script explains that monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 during outbreaks among monkeys used for research, hence the name. It later spread to humans, particularly in central and western Africa, and is now re-emerging globally.

💡Zoonotic disease

A zoonotic disease is one that can be transmitted from animals to humans. This concept is crucial to understanding how monkeypox spreads, as highlighted in the script where it mentions that monkeypox is a zoonotic disease. The video emphasizes the importance of this term by explaining that the disease can jump from animals like rodents to humans.

💡Orthopoxvirus

Orthopoxvirus is the genus of viruses to which the monkeypox virus belongs. It is mentioned in the script as having an oval-shaped appearance and being related to the viruses that cause smallpox and cowpox. Understanding this term helps viewers grasp the scientific classification and potential severity of the monkeypox virus.

💡Transmission

Transmission refers to the process by which a disease spreads from one organism to another. In the context of the video, transmission is key to understanding how monkeypox can infect humans, either through direct contact with infected animals' blood or bodily fluids or by consuming undercooked meat from infected animals.

💡Symptoms

Symptoms are the physical manifestations of a disease. The script outlines the symptoms of monkeypox, which include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle pain, and headaches, followed by skin eruptions. Recognizing these symptoms is vital for viewers to understand the health implications of the disease.

💡Isolation

Isolation is a preventive measure where an infected individual is separated from others to prevent the spread of disease. The video emphasizes the importance of isolation for those infected with monkeypox to prevent further transmission, which is a key message for public health and safety.

💡Hygiene

Hygiene refers to the practices that help maintain health and prevent disease, such as regular hand washing and cleanliness. The script advises practicing good hygiene as a means to protect against monkeypox, underscoring the role of personal cleanliness in disease prevention.

💡Vaccination

Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to create immunity to a disease. The video discusses how the eradication of smallpox and the subsequent cessation of smallpox vaccines, which also protected against monkeypox, may have contributed to the re-emergence of monkeypox. This highlights the historical context and the role of vaccination in disease control.

💡Eradication

Eradication refers to the complete elimination of a disease. The video mentions the eradication of smallpox, which has implications for the re-emergence of monkeypox. Understanding this term helps viewers appreciate the historical success in disease control and its potential repercussions.

💡Rodents

Rodents are mentioned in the script as animals that can carry the monkeypox virus. This term is important for understanding the potential sources of infection and the broader ecological context in which the disease can spread.

💡Prevention

Prevention refers to measures taken to stop the occurrence of a disease or condition. The video discusses various preventive measures for monkeypox, such as isolation, hygiene, and proper food handling, which are essential for viewers to know how to protect themselves from the disease.

Highlights

Monkey box is an old virus that has resurfaced, not a new disease.

First discovered in 1958 during outbreaks in monkeys used for research.

Monkey box is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can transmit from animals to humans.

The virus is oval-shaped and belongs to the same family as smallpox and cowpox viruses.

Humans can get infected through direct contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected animals.

Eating undercooked meat of infected animals can also lead to infection.

Infected individuals experience flu-like symptoms, fever, and muscle pain.

Skin eruptions occur within one to three days of fever onset, mostly on the face, palms, and soles.

The infection is contagious during the symptomatic phase and can spread to others.

The re-emergence of monkey box could be linked to the eradication of smallpox.

Smallpox vaccines also protected against monkeypox, which is no longer widely administered.

Monkey box is usually mild, and most people recover within a few weeks.

Isolation of infected individuals is essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

Avoiding contact with materials contaminated by infected individuals or animals is crucial.

Practicing good hygiene, such as handwashing, and proper food preparation can help prevent infection.

Human monkey box was first identified in a nine-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970.

In 2003, 47 confirmed and probable cases were reported in the USA due to contact with imported pet prairie dogs.

Transcripts

according to new reports a new disease

called monkey box is jumping from one

country to another

what's that

well

monkey box is not new but an old virus

that has resurfaced

[Music]

well to know what it can do and what not

let us explore more about this condition

by answering a buzzing question

what is monkey box

zoom in

monkey box was first discovered in 1958

when two outbreaks of a box-like disease

emerged in a group of monkeys kept for

research

hence it was named

monkey box

later in the 70s when it started to

infect people of central and western

africa

scientists found out that it is a

zoonotic disease

meaning a disease that transmits from

animals to humans

it is caused by a virus belonging to the

orthodox virus genus that has an

oval-shaped appearance

it also comes from the same family of

viruses known to spread smallpox and

cowpox

though they were first found in monkeys

however these microbes can also be found

in other animals

especially rodents

but the vital question is how do humans

get the infection

well animal to human transmission can

occur from direct contact with the blood

bodily fluids or mucosal

of infected animals

also eating undercooked meat of infected

animals can contribute to catching this

infection

and once that happens in a couple of

weeks or so

the person starts to get flu-like

symptoms like fever

chills muscle pain and headaches

fatigue as well as swollen lymph nodes

then within one to three days of getting

a fever skin eruptions start to occur

and the patient gets fluid-filled bumps

mostly on the face

followed by palms and soles of the feet

that could last around two to four weeks

before it starts to go away

and if such a person doesn't isolate and

comes in contact with others during the

infection phase

he or she can spread it amongst others

this could be a possible reason for this

disease being found in other countries

around the world today

but why

why has monkey pox

re-emerged well researchers are still

trying to figure it out

but one possible reason could be the

eradication of smallpox from the world

yes

that's because smallpox was on the range

nearly 40 years ago

so it was a kind of compulsion to take

smallpox vaccines to prevent it

and as smallpox and monkeypox viruses

belong to the same family the vaccines

also protected against monkey pox

infection

but since the extinction of smallpox the

new generation no longer needs these

vaccines

so this could have given the monkey box

virus another chance to infect

unvaccinated people

now comes the vital part

what can we do to protect ourselves

and our loved ones from this monkey box

infection

fortunately monkey box is usually mined

and most people recover within a few

weeks

but as the infection can spread through

close contact and can get severe

it's essential to isolate if someone is

suffering from it

and for others make sure to avoid

contact with any materials such as

bedding or clothing that have been in

contact with a sick human or animal

practice good hygiene by washing your

hands with warm soapy water and make

sure to cook your food properly

trim your time

did you know human monkey box was first

identified in humans in 1970 in the

democratic republic of the congo in a

nine-month-old boy

in 2003 47 confirmed and probable cases

of monkey pox were reported in six

states of the usa due to people coming

in touch with imported pet prairie dogs

hope you learned something new today

until next time it's me dr binox zooming

out

[Music]

are you ready to go to school kitty

oh

what happened

[Music]

never mind