03 History of Journalism – 1690 – present day
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the evolution of journalism from its origins in 1690 to the present day. It highlights the journey from government censorship to independence, with the pivotal role of the First Amendment in securing press freedom. The script discusses the emergence of the 'fourth estate' concept, the rise of unbiased reporting with the New York Herald in 1835, and the shift from local to national newspapers in the 1850s. It also covers the advent of investigative journalism exemplified by Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' and the impact of new media like radio, television, and the internet on news consumption, concluding with the current trend of obtaining news from social platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
Takeaways
- 📰 The history of journalism spans from 1690 to the present, with early forms being heavily censored by governments.
- 🗞️ In 1722, Benjamin Franklin became the editor of 'The New England Courant,' facing accusations of publishing untruths by the government.
- 🗝️ The 18th century saw the rise of the belief in a free press, with Edmund Burke referring to journalists as the 'fourth estate', signifying their importance in governance.
- 🇺🇸 The U.S. Bill of Rights, enacted in 1791, included the First Amendment, which guaranteed freedom of the press and protected journalists from government control over information and opinions.
- 📈 Early 19th-century newspapers were often biased, presenting only one side of the story or viewpoint, aligning with the readers' opinions.
- 🔍 The New York Herald, established in 1835, aimed to provide unbiased and politically independent news for a broader audience.
- 📘 Technological advancements in the 1850s allowed newspapers to expand from local to national distribution, reaching hundreds of thousands of readers simultaneously.
- 🕵️♂️ Investigative journalism emerged in the early 20th century, exemplified by Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' which exposed unhealthy practices in meatpacking industries.
- 📻 The 1920s saw competition for newspapers with the rise of radio news, offering families the opportunity to listen to news live and together.
- 📺 In the 1950s, television became a popular medium for news consumption, with nearly every U.S. household owning one, allowing for visual and auditory news experiences.
- 🌐 The 1990s marked the rise of the internet, leading to online newspapers that began to replace print copies, and the shift towards digital news consumption.
- 📲 Today, over half of U.S. adults get their news from social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook, reflecting the continued evolution of news delivery.
Q & A
What is the historical starting point discussed in the script for the history of journalism?
-The script starts the history of journalism from 1690.
How was journalism initially controlled by governments in the 18th century?
-In the 18th century, governments controlled what people wrote, and there were instances where journalists faced accusations of writing untruths, as experienced by Benjamin Franklin.
Who is credited with coining the term 'fourth estate' for journalists, and what was the significance?
-Edmund Burke, an Irish politician, coined the term 'fourth estate' to signify the importance of journalists in a democratic society, alongside the three parts of government.
When were the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, including the freedom of the press, enacted?
-The first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were enacted in 1791.
What does the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protect in relation to journalism?
-The First Amendment protects journalists' rights by ensuring that the government cannot control the information or opinions that journalists publish.
How did newspapers in the early 19th century typically present news?
-Most newspapers in the early 19th century were biased, presenting only one side of the story or one point of view.
What was the goal of the New York Herald when it was started in 1835?
-The New York Herald aimed to provide unbiased news that everyone could enjoy and also tried to be politically independent.
How did technological advancements in the 1850s affect the reach of newspapers?
-Technological improvements made it easier to print and distribute newspapers, allowing hundreds of thousands of people to read the same newspaper on the same day across different parts of the country.
What is investigative journalism, and how did it emerge in the early 20th century?
-Investigative journalism involves journalists looking into and writing about powerful people and industries. It emerged in the early 20th century with works like Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle,' which exposed unhealthy practices in meatpacking factories.
How did the introduction of radio and television impact the consumption of news in the 20th century?
-The introduction of radio in the 1920s and television in the 1950s allowed families to listen to or watch the news simultaneously, and also enabled them to experience live events as they happened.
What is the current trend in news consumption in the USA according to the script?
-Over half of the adults in the USA currently get their news from social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook.
Outlines
📰 The Evolution of Journalism: From Censorship to Independence
This paragraph outlines the history of journalism from its origins in 1690 to the present day. It discusses the initial control exerted by governments over the press, exemplified by Benjamin Franklin's experience with the New England Courant in 1722. The paragraph highlights the emergence of the concept of a free press in the 18th century, with Edmund Burke's recognition of journalists as the 'fourth estate,' signifying their crucial role in governance. The adoption of the First Amendment in 1791, which guarantees freedom of the press, is a pivotal moment detailed here. The summary also touches on the biased nature of early 19th-century newspapers and the introduction of unbiased news by the New York Herald in 1835. Technological advancements in the 1850s allowed newspapers to reach national audiences, and the rise of investigative journalism in the early 20th century, as demonstrated by Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle,' is also summarized. The paragraph concludes with the impact of radio and television on news dissemination and the advent of online newspapers in the 1990s.
🌐 Journalism in the Digital Age: The Shift to Social Media
The second paragraph focuses on the contemporary landscape of news consumption, noting that over half of American adults now obtain their news from social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. It reflects on the historical struggle of the press to achieve freedom and independence from government control. The paragraph emphasizes the significant role that technological advancements have played in diversifying news sources. It concludes by prompting viewers to use their notes to assess their understanding of the historical development of journalism, suggesting an interactive element to reinforce learning.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Journalism
💡Censorship
💡Benjamin Franklin
💡Free Press
💡Fourth Estate
💡Bill of Rights
💡Biased News
💡New York Herald
💡Investigative Journalism
💡Media Convergence
💡Social Media
Highlights
The history of journalism from 1690 to the present day is explored, focusing on its evolution from censorship to independence.
In the 18th century, governments heavily controlled the content of newspapers, exemplified by Benjamin Franklin's experience in 1722.
Edmund Burke's speech introduced the concept of the 'fourth estate,' elevating journalism's role in governance.
The Bill of Rights in 1791, specifically the First Amendment, legally protected freedom of the press from government control.
Newspapers in the early 19th century were often biased, reflecting a single point of view or political stance.
The New York Herald, founded in 1835, aimed to provide unbiased news accessible to all, striving for political independence.
Technological advancements in the 1850s allowed newspapers to transition from local to national distribution, reaching broader audiences.
The emergence of investigative journalism in the early 20th century, exemplified by Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle,' exposed societal issues.
News dissemination evolved with the introduction of radio in the 1920s, allowing families to consume news together in real-time.
The 1950s saw the rise of television as a news medium, offering visual elements alongside audio reporting.
The internet's rise in the 1990s led to the digital transformation of newspapers, impacting print media significantly.
In the modern era, over half of U.S. adults consume news primarily through social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
The press has historically faced government control but has progressively become freer and more independent.
Technological innovations have enabled news to be accessed from a variety of sources, diversifying information consumption.
The importance of taking notes on dates and names for understanding the history of journalism is emphasized.
A game following the videos is mentioned as a way to reinforce learning about the history of journalism.
Transcripts
welcome to unit 1
the history of journalism from 1690
to present day
in the last video we looked at the
origins of journalism
and talked about the ways journalism was
censored by governments
in this video we're going to look at the
steps that allow journalism to become
more independent
and free
from government control
we will also talk about the different
ways that people get their
news to take notes on the dates and
names you hear
because this will help you play the game
that follows these videos
for most of the 18th century governments
still controlled what people wrote
for example in the usa in
1722 a young benjamin franklin took over
as editor of a newspaper called the new
england coront
because his older brother was in jail
the government accused him of writing
things that were not true
later in the 18th century people began
to believe in a free press
edmund burke an irish politician was
making a speech about the three parts of
government called the three estates
then he pointed to the journalists and
called them the fourth estate
meaning that writing the truth was an
important part of governing a country
we still call journalism
the fourth estate
a few years later in 1791
10 amendments to the u.s constitution
called the bill of rights became law
the first amendment talked about freedom
of religion
freedom of speech and also freedom of
the press
this amendment protects journalists
rights by making sure the government
cannot control the information or
opinions that journalists publish
even though journalism was no longer
controlled by the government
most newspapers in the early 19th
century were biased
meaning they only told one side of the
story
or one point of view
and were read by people who agreed with
their opinion
in 1835 however a newspaper called the
new york herald was started with the
goal of providing unbiased news that
everyone could enjoy
this newspaper also tried to be
politically independent
not preferring one political party over
another
in the 1850s newspapers moved from being
just local to national
the technology improved so it became
easier to print and distribute many more
newspapers
hundreds of thousands of people could
now read the same newspaper on the same
day
in different parts of the country
the early years of the 20th century saw
a new type of journalism
investigative journalism
this involved a journalist looking into
and writing about powerful people and
industries
an example of this investigative
journalism was when upton sinclair wrote
the jungle in 1906
learned about the unhealthy practices in
meat packing factories and the bad
conditions for the workers
although newspapers continued to be
popular throughout the 20th century
by the 1920s they also had to compete
with news on the radio
listening to news on the radio allowed
the whole family to sit down and hear
the news at the same time
and they could also listen to things
live
as they were happening instead of
waiting until the next day to read about
them
in the
1950s television became popular
and nearly every family in the usa had
one
people could now see pictures
as well as hear people talk about the
news
the internet became popular in the 1990s
and online newspapers began to replace
print copies
today
over half the adults in the usa
get their news from twitter or facebook
as we have seen over hundreds of years
the government have tried to control the
news
the press has worked to become freer
and more independent
because of new technology people can get
their news from many different places
next use your notes to check your
understanding of the history of
journalism
you
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