Acidosis and Alkalosis MADE EASY
Summary
TLDRThis educational script discusses the concepts of acidosis and alkalosis, explaining how blood pH levels determine if the blood is too acidic or basic. It clarifies the difference between respiratory and metabolic types, emphasizing the importance of the body's pH balance, which should be between 7.35 and 7.45. The script delves into the chemical reactions involving carbon dioxide and water that lead to respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, and contrasts these with metabolic imbalances that affect bicarbonate and hydrogen ion concentrations, resulting in metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Normal blood pH range is between 7.35 and 7.45.
- 🌡️ A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis, while a pH above 7.45 indicates alkalosis.
- 💧 The pH measurement reflects the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood.
- 🌬️ Respiratory acidosis is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide, leading to the production of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions.
- 🌀 Respiratory alkalosis results from a decrease in carbon dioxide, reducing the formation of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions.
- 🧠 Metabolic acidosis occurs when there's an increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate ions.
- 🔄 Metabolic alkalosis happens when there's an overproduction of bicarbonate ions or a deficiency in hydrogen ions.
- 🔄 In respiratory acidosis, the body compensates by exhaling carbon dioxide to reduce acidity.
- 🔄 In metabolic acidosis, the body may compensate by retaining bicarbonate to neutralize excess hydrogen ions.
- 📉 A decrease in bicarbonate levels and a drop in pH are indicative of uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
Q & A
What is the normal pH range of blood?
-The normal pH range of blood is between 7.35 and 7.45.
What happens to the blood pH in acidosis and alkalosis?
-In acidosis, the blood pH drops below 7.35, making it more acidic. In alkalosis, the blood pH rises above 7.45, making it more basic.
What does the 'pH' in blood pH stand for?
-The 'pH' in blood pH stands for the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the blood.
Outlines
🧪 Understanding Acidosis and Alkalosis
This paragraph introduces the concept of acidosis and alkalosis, which are conditions where the blood pH deviates from its normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. Acidosis occurs when the pH is below this range, indicating increased acidity, while alkalosis is when the pH is above, indicating increased basicity. The script explains that these conditions can be respiratory or metabolic in nature, and it sets the stage for a deeper exploration of what causes respiratory-based versus metabolic-based acidosis and alkalosis.
🌪️ Respiratory and Metabolic Causes of Acidosis and Alkalosis
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. It explains the chemical process behind respiratory acidosis, where increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) lead to the formation of carbonic acid, which in turn produces hydrogen ions, causing the blood to become more acidic and the pH to drop. Conversely, respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a decrease in CO2, leading to fewer hydrogen ions and a higher pH. Metabolic acidosis involves either an increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate ions, resulting in a lower pH, while metabolic alkalosis is marked by an excess of bicarbonate ions or a deficiency in hydrogen ions, causing the pH to rise. The paragraph provides a clear distinction between the respiratory and metabolic aspects of these conditions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Acidosis
💡Alkalosis
💡Blood pH
💡Respiratory Acidosis
💡Respiratory Alkalosis
💡Metabolic Acidosis
💡Metabolic Alkalosis
💡Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
💡Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
💡Bicarbonate Ion (HCO3-)
💡Hydrogen Ion (H+)
Highlights
Blood pH needs to be within the range of 7.35 to 7.45 for normal health.
Acidosis occurs when blood pH goes below 7.35, while alkalosis occurs when it goes above 7.45.
Blood pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Carbon dioxide in the blood reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which can affect pH levels.
Respiratory acidosis is related to an increase in carbon dioxide levels, leading to more hydrogen ions and a lower pH.
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a decrease in carbon dioxide levels, resulting in fewer hydrogen ions and a higher pH.
Metabolic acidosis involves either an increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate ions.
A drop in bicarbonate levels is indicative of metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic alkalosis is associated with an overabundance of bicarbonate ions or a lack of hydrogen ions.
Medical professionals consider additional factors beyond pH when diagnosing acidosis or alkalosis.
The body compensates for respiratory acidosis by binding excess carbon dioxide and exhaling it.
The relationship between carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and hydrogen ions is crucial for understanding respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.
Bicarbonate ions play a key role in neutralizing hydrogen ions in the context of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
An uncompensated metabolic acidosis is indicated by a drop in bicarbonate and a decrease in pH.
In uncompensated metabolic alkalosis, there is an increase in bicarbonate ions and an increase in pH.
The balance between carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions is essential for maintaining blood pH within the normal range.
Understanding the different types of acidosis and alkalosis is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Transcripts
hi everyone a lot of health students
have issues with looking at acidosis or
alkalosis this is determining whether
the blood is acidic
or basic compared to its normal blood ph
now
there's different types of acidosis and
alkalosis you can have respiratory
or you can have metabolic now what i
want to talk to you about today
is what makes one respiratory based
acidosis alkalosis or metabolic based
acidosis alkalosis
so like i said before your blood ph
needs to sit between the range of 7.35
and 7.45 that's the range that needs to
sit within
if it goes below this particular range
acidosis if it goes above this
particular range
alkalosis that's the first point
next point is when we measure ph the h
simply stands for hydrogen ions that's
all we are measuring
in this case but when we do bloods to
have a look
when you get medical professionals
taking bloods to have a look
at whether somebody has acidosis or
alkalosis they don't just look
for the ph they also look for some other
factors to tell it whether it's
respiratory or metabolic let's take a
look alright
first thing is you must know this
equation the equation is
that when you breathe you produce carbon
dioxide this carbon dioxide will
inevitably get into your blood
and blood is filled with water so when
carbon dioxide
mixes with water it produces something
the thing it produces
is called carbonic acid which is h2
there's the h2 c from there o3
because there's two there and one there
now carbonic acid hates itself and
splits itself apart
and it produces these two things it
produces
bicarbonate ion and it produces
hydrogen ions again when we measure ph
we're just measuring this
so if somebody has acidosis it means
that
the quantity or concentration of this is
going up right
if they've got alkalosis the
concentration of this is going down
now think of this on a seesaw
if you increase carbon dioxide this goes
up and everything falls in this
direction producing more acid
so the more carbon dioxide the more
acidic the more acidic it means it's
going down in this direction and the
person has acidosis
usually the body is very good at
compensating and it will bind
with that and roll back down in this
direction and you breathe that carbon
dioxide out all right let's talk about
acidosis alkalosis different types
when we look at respiratory based
acidosis alkalosis it's looking at this
end
of the equation
when we look at metabolic it's looking
at this end of the equation
now when somebody has respiratory
acidosis
what happens is it's respiratory based
something to do with breathing
carbon dioxide is the only thing here
that we truly breathe we do breathe out
a little bit of water but mainly carbon
dioxide
right so if somebody has respiratory
acidosis the carbon dioxide levels must
be
increasing respiratory acidosis increase
carbon dioxide because
this means it binds with the water
produces carbonic acid
splits apart and produces hydrogen ions
this is acidic
that's respiratory acidosis so what
happens with the ph
it goes down dropping down in this
direction
all right that's respiratory acidosis
what about respiratory alkalosis
well it's going in the opposite
direction so in respiratory alkalosis
we're not producing enough co2
so it's not binding with water it's not
creating carbonic acid and we're not
producing enough hydrogen ions
which means we've just got an
overabundance of bicarbonate
comparatively and it becomes more
acidotic
so it's a drop in co2
which results in an increase in the ph
this is respiratory acidosis respiratory
alkalosis
what about metabolic metabolic acidosis
metabolic acidosis is referring to
what's happening
here now think about it metabolic
acidosis can happen either
if you increase the amount of hydrogen
ions
or if you decrease the amount of
bicarbonate because bicarbonate binds to
hydrogen to mop it up and get rid of it
so if that's gone you're just left with
a whole bunch of free hydrogen ions
so when you do the bloods to check for
this in metabolic acidosis what you'll
find is a
drop in bicarbonate this again is if
it's uncompensated
and an increase and a drop sorry
in the ph because it's acidosis so it's
going down
in metabolic alkalosis
what's happening is it's producing too
many
bicarbonate ions or again it could be
the fact there's not enough hydrogen
ions
maybe one or the other but what we do
know is that in alkalosis
there's more bicarbonate ions if it's
uncompensated
and what happens is the ph goes up as
well
so this is just a very quick run through
of what happens in respiratory based
acidosis alkalosis
and metabolic based acidosis alkalosis
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