How to Read a Schematic
Summary
TLDRThis video script offers a beginner's guide to reading electronic schematics, explaining the use of specific symbols to represent components like batteries, resistors, switches, and LEDs. It clarifies the difference between a wiring diagram and a schematic, emphasizing the importance of understanding symbols and the representation of connections, including the use of ground symbols. The script also touches on the concept of polarized and non-polarized capacitors, and introduces a potentiometer for adjustable resistance. Viewers are directed to a webpage for more symbols and encouraged to explore related projects on the presenter's YouTube channel.
Takeaways
- đ A schematic is a diagram that uses specific symbols to represent electronic components and their connections, as opposed to a wiring diagram which uses pictures or photos of parts.
- đ The symbol for a battery in a schematic is a longer line to represent the positive side, and additional lines for multiple cells.
- ⥠The resistor is symbolized by a zigzag line in North America or a rectangle in the international standard.
- đ The on/off switch is depicted as an open line when off and a different symbol when on.
- đĄ The LED symbol in a schematic includes arrows to indicate light emission, which is characteristic of a light-emitting diode.
- đ Learning the symbols is crucial for understanding schematics, although there are many, only a few are commonly used.
- đ Wires in a schematic can cross without connection, indicated by no dot at the intersection, or with a connection, indicated by a dot.
- đ The ground symbol, representing earth ground and negative, is used to simplify wiring diagrams by connecting multiple lines to a single point.
- đ Different types of grounds exist, such as chassis ground in cars, each with its unique symbol.
- âĄïž A diode allows current to flow in one direction only, with the arrow indicating the direction of conventional current flow.
- đ A potentiometer, or variable resistor, is symbolized with an arrow pointing to it and is used for adjusting values, like volume in a radio.
Q & A
What is the main difference between a wiring diagram and a schematic?
-A wiring diagram is a visual representation of a circuit using pictures or photos of the parts and colored lines, while a schematic uses specific symbols to represent components and is not always laid out like the final circuit.
What does the symbol for a battery represent in a schematic?
-In a schematic, the symbol for a battery typically represents one battery cell, with multiple cells drawn together if the battery has more than one cell. The longer line indicates the positive side of the battery.
How is a resistor represented in a schematic in North America?
-In North America, a resistor is represented by a zigzag line in a schematic.
What is the international standard symbol for a resistor?
-The international standard symbol for a resistor is a rectangle.
What does the symbol for an on/off switch look like in a schematic?
-The symbol for an on/off switch in a schematic is typically drawn as a diagonal line with a gap, indicating it is open or off. If it is closed or on, the gap would be filled.
What is the symbol for an LED in a schematic and why is it designed that way?
-The symbol for an LED in a schematic is a diode symbol with arrows representing light being emitted from it. This design makes sense because LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.
How do you know if the lines in a schematic are connected or not?
-In a schematic, if lines cross without a dot at the intersection, they are not connected. If a dot is present at the intersection, it indicates that the lines are connected.
What is the purpose of the ground symbol in a schematic?
-The ground symbol in a schematic represents earth ground and is used to simplify the wiring by indicating where all the lines eventually end up, without having to draw all the lines to one ground symbol.
What is the difference between a polarized and a non-polarized capacitor in terms of their symbols in a schematic?
-A polarized capacitor, like an electrolytic capacitor, is represented by a symbol with a plus or minus sign or a stripe on one side. A non-polarized capacitor is represented by two straight lines without any signs.
What is a potentiometer and how is it symbolized in a schematic?
-A potentiometer is an adjustable resistor, used for example to adjust volume in a circuit. In a schematic, it is symbolized like a resistor with an arrow pointing to it, following the international standard of a rectangle for resistors.
What is the direction of conventional current flow in relation to the diode symbol in a schematic?
-Conventional current flow is in the direction of the arrow in the diode symbol, which is opposite to the flow of negative electrons.
Outlines
đ Introduction to Schematic Reading
The video script begins with an introduction to reading schematics for beginners in electronics. It clarifies the difference between a wiring diagram and a schematic, which uses specific symbols to represent components rather than a physical layout. The script introduces a simple circuit with a battery, resistor, switch, LED, and wires, explaining the schematic symbols for each component. It emphasizes learning the symbols as a key part of understanding schematics and touches on the representation of wiring, including how lines can cross without being connected and the use of a dot to indicate a connection.
đ Understanding Schematic Symbols and Wiring
This section delves deeper into the specifics of schematic symbols, explaining the symbols for batteries, resistors, switches, and LEDs. It also discusses how to interpret lines crossing in a schematic and the significance of dots at intersections to indicate actual connections. The script introduces the concept of grounding with different symbols for earth ground and chassis ground, explaining their use in simplifying wiring diagrams.
đ Exploring Diodes, Potentiometers, and Capacitors
The script continues with an explanation of diodes and their one-directional current flow, including the conventional current direction and how it's represented in schematics. It then introduces the potentiometer, a variable resistor symbolized with an arrow, and explains its use in adjusting, for example, the volume in a circuit. Additionally, the section covers capacitors, differentiating between polarized and non-polarized types, and their respective symbols in a schematic.
đ ïž Practical Applications and Additional Resources
The final part of the script provides practical applications of the concepts discussed, such as using a potentiometer to adjust LED brightness in a simple circuit and mentioning the presence of capacitors in more complex setups. It directs viewers to a webpage on the creator's website for more symbols and encourages further learning. The script also promotes the creator's YouTube channel for more educational content, including a video on building a crystal radio amplifier, a Joule thief circuit, and a music player based on a 555 timer chip, ending with a call to action for subscriptions, likes, and comments.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄschematic
đĄwiring diagram
đĄbattery
đĄresistor
đĄLED
đĄswitch
đĄdiode
đĄpotentiometer
đĄcapacitor
đĄground
đĄchassis ground
Highlights
Introduction to the basics of reading a schematic for beginners in electronics.
Explanation of the difference between a wiring diagram and a schematic.
Overview of a simple circuit with a battery, resistor, switch, LED, and wires.
Description of the schematic symbols for different components like batteries, resistors, and LEDs.
Importance of learning schematic symbols for understanding circuit diagrams.
Clarification on how lines in schematics represent wiring and the significance of crossed lines.
Use of a dot to indicate a connection where lines cross in a schematic.
Introduction to the concept of earth ground and its schematic symbol.
Different types of grounds, such as chassis ground in a car, and their symbols.
Explanation of diode function and its schematic symbol, including conventional current direction.
Introduction to the potentiometer and its schematic symbol for adjustable resistance.
Demonstration of replacing a fixed resistor with a potentiometer in a circuit.
Discussion on capacitors, including polarized and non-polarized types and their symbols.
Invitation to visit the webpage for more symbols and additional learning resources.
Promotion of the YouTube channel 'rimstarorg' for more electronics-related videos.
Encouragement to subscribe, like, and comment on the video for further engagement.
Transcripts
hi gang I'm gonna give you the basics on
how to read a schematic for anyone new
to electronics if your experience with
schematics and you have any helpful tips
for beginners please feel free to leave
them in the comments below what do I
mean by schematic to keep things simple
for people new to electronics often I'll
draw a circuit like this with little
pictures or photos of the parts and
different colored lines this is called a
wiring diagram however a schematic would
look like this drawn with specific
symbols and not always laid out like the
final circuit that's what you'll see
most of the time let's start with a very
simple circuit there are some batteries
a resistor an on/off switch and an LED
and of course they're also the wires
connecting it all together we flip the
switch to the on position and the LED
lights on here's the schematic for it
you can see that different symbols
represent different parts on the circuit
this is the symbol for a battery or a
one battery cell if the battery has more
than one cell then you'd simply have
more of them drawn together the longer
line is the positive side of the battery
most batteries have a marking on them
indicating which terminal is positive
and or negative in North America the
symbol for the resistor is a zigzag line
like this the international standard is
to draw it as a rectangle like this the
on/off switch is drawn like this here
it's drawn open or off if we're closed
or on then it would look like this the
symbol for the LED looks like this it's
a symbol for a diode but with arrows
representing light being emitted from it
that makes sense since LED stands for
light emitting diode so a big part of
learning to read schematics is learning
the symbols and though there are a lot
of them you mostly use only a handful
another part to schematics is the lines
representing the wiring the schematic
can get so complicated that lines have
to cross each other this happens with my
crystal radio amplifier
here's the schematic for it if the lines
cross each other like this or this or
this
then they're not connected if the lines
are supposed to be connected then a dot
will be drawn at the intersection there
is a way to simplify the lines and that
makes use of a symbol like this this
means earth ground and is negative
notice that all these lines eventually
end up at the earth ground and in fact
they do there are these wires in the
actual breadboard and here they are all
solder together in the back instead of
trying all those lines going to the one
ground symbol we can just draw in the
ground symbol wherever needed and it'll
be understood that all those lines end
up with the same ground there are the
types of grounds too for example in a
car the negative of the battery and the
negative of a lot of the electrical
components are connected to the cars
chassis that's called the chassis ground
and has this symbol this is a diode it
allows current to flow in one direction
only this direction the negative side is
this side if you're used to thinking in
terms of electrons which are negative
electrons flow in this direction against
the arrow conventional current is in the
opposite direction
since that's the flow of positive charge
so conventional current flows in the
direction of the arrow
notice that the line next to the arrow
corresponds to the line drawn near one
end of the actual diode this is a
resistor that you can adjust call the
potentiometer my crystal radio amplifier
I use it to adjust the volume its symbol
is the same as a resistor with a fixed
value like in our simple circuit but
with an arrow pointing to it remember
that in the international standard a
rectangle is used for the resistor so
the potentiometer looks like this we can
replace the fixed value resistor on our
simple circuit with potentiometer since
we're replacing just one resistor we
connect to the middle and one of the
ends and leave the other end unconnected
that allows us to adjust the brightness
of the light notice that this circuit
also has some capacitors this symbol is
for capacitors that have a positive side
and a negative side what are called
polarised capacitor
for example electrolytic capacitors are
polarized capacitors they usually have a
stripe drawn on one side like this or a
minus sign or both but not all
capacitors have positive and negative
sides the symbol here is for a non
polarized capacitor just two straight
lines these capacitors come in many
shapes and sizes and don't have any
minus signs on them and that should get
you started on reading schematics for
more symbols see this webpage on my
website well thanks for watching see my
youtube channel rimstarorg for more
videos like this that includes one
showing my crystal radio amplifier in
action along with step-by-step
instructions to make your own another
showing how to make a Joule thief
circuit that powers a compact
fluorescent light bulb and one showing
my music player based on a 555 timer
chip circuit and don't forget to
subscribe if you like these videos or
give a thumbs up leave a question or
comment below see you soon
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