Separating a Mixture Using Chromatography
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, chemical engineer Heidi Frandsen introduces chromatography, a technique for separating mixtures into individual components. She demonstrates a simple experiment using washable markers, coffee filters, and saltwater. By observing the different pigments' movement up the filter paper, viewers can see how primary and secondary colors, as well as brown and black, separate into their constituent pigments. The experiment illustrates the principles of chromatography and can inspire further exploration through art projects and crafts.
Takeaways
- đŹ Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components.
- đ§Ș The process involves placing a sample on a solid surface and using a solvent to facilitate the separation of components.
- đ·ïž Heidi Frandsen, a chemical engineer, discusses an experiment involving chromatography with everyday materials.
- đïž The experiment requires washable markers, coffee filters, salt water, and a method to hold the salt water.
- đ A coffee filter is cut into a rectangle and a line is drawn to mark where the color will be applied.
- đš The primary and secondary colors, as well as brown and black, are used in the experiment to observe pigment separation.
- đ§ Salt water, made with a quarter teaspoon of salt in a cup of water, acts as the solvent in the chromatography process.
- đ The coffee filter is moistened with salt water to allow the pigments to move up the paper.
- đ The experiment takes a few minutes, and the colors begin to separate and move up the paper.
- đ Different pigments in the colors react differently with the salt water, resulting in varying distances traveled up the paper.
- đšđŹ The experiment reveals that brown and black colors separate into a variety of pigments, including orange, purple, blue, green, and black.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video presented by Heidi Frandsen?
-The main topic of the video is chromatography, a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components.
How does the process of chromatography work as described in the script?
-In chromatography, a sample is placed on a solid surface, and a solvent is used to move across the surface. The components of the mixture separate based on their resistance to the solid surface.
What materials are needed to perform the chromatography experiment shown in the video?
-The materials needed for the experiment include washable markers, coffee filters, salt water, and something to hold the salt water, such as plastic cups or a container.
Why is salt water used in the chromatography experiment described in the script?
-Salt water is used as the solvent in the experiment, which helps in the separation of the pigments in the markers by moving up the coffee filter.
What is the purpose of the line drawn 1/2 an inch up from the bottom of the coffee filter?
-The line is drawn to define where the color from the markers should be applied, serving as a starting point for the chromatography process.
How many different papers with different colors were prepared for the experiment?
-Three different papers were prepared, with primary colors, secondary colors, and then brown and black.
What is the approximate size of the rectangle cut from the coffee filter for the experiment?
-The rectangle is about two inches wide and approximately 4 inches long.
How much salt is typically added to the water to create the salt water solution for the experiment?
-A quarter teaspoon of salt is added to about a cup of water to create the salt water solution.
What observation can be made about the primary colors after about five minutes of the experiment?
-After five minutes, it can be observed that the primary colors have traveled different distances up the paper, with blue moving the furthest and red staying closest to the line.
What can be inferred about the secondary colors from the experiment's results?
-The secondary colors show a separation of pigments, with green revealing some yellow and blue, indicating that the colors are composed of different pigments that move at different rates.
What surprising observations were made when the brown and black colors were analyzed through chromatography?
-The brown color revealed the presence of orange and purple, while the black showed the presence of blue, green, and black pigments, demonstrating the complex composition of these colors.
Outlines
đ§Ș Chromatography Experiment with Markers and Coffee Filters
Heidi Frandsen, a chemical engineer, introduces the concept of chromatography, a technique for separating mixtures into individual components. The video demonstrates a simple experiment using washable markers, coffee filters, salt water, and plastic cups. The process involves cutting a coffee filter into a rectangle, drawing a line near the bottom to apply the ink from markers, and observing how the ink separates as the salt water moves up the filter. The experiment is conducted with primary and secondary colors, as well as brown and black ink, to show the different pigments' behaviors when interacting with the salt water. The results are expected to reveal how far each color travels and how the pigments separate, providing a visual representation of chromatography.
đ Observations from the Chromatography Experiment
After allowing the chromatography experiment to run for about five minutes, Heidi observes the separation of pigments in the primary colors, noting the varying distances each color has traveled up the coffee filter. The blue pigment has moved the farthest, while the yellow and red pigments have traveled less, remaining closer to the baseline. The secondary colors show an even more distinct separation, with the green pigment revealing underlying yellow and blue components. The purple sample begins to show separation into pink and blue hues. The brown and black samples are particularly intriguing, as they reveal the presence of orange, purple, blue, and green pigments, demonstrating the complexity of color composition. Heidi concludes by suggesting that chromatography can be used for various art projects, encouraging viewers to explore further creative applications.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄChromatography
đĄChemical Engineering
đĄMixture
đĄSolid Surface
đĄSolvent
đĄComponents
đĄColor Chromatography
đĄCoffee Filter
đĄSalt Water
đĄPrimary Colors
đĄSecondary Colors
đĄBrown and Black
Highlights
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components.
The process involves placing a sample on a solid surface and using a solvent to facilitate the separation.
Components separate based on their interaction with the solid surface and the solvent.
Color chromatography is a simple experiment using washable markers, coffee filters, and salt water.
A coffee filter is cut into a rectangle to fit the experiment's container.
A line is drawn on the filter to define where the color will be applied.
Primary and secondary colors, as well as brown and black, are used to demonstrate pigment separation.
Salt water is prepared with a quarter teaspoon of salt in a cup of water for the experiment.
The coffee filter is placed in a cup with the salt water to initiate the chromatography process.
The amount of salt water is carefully controlled to ensure proper absorption by the filter.
The experiment takes a few minutes to observe the pigments moving up the paper.
Different pigments travel varying distances, indicating their unique properties.
Blue pigment moves the farthest, while yellow and red travel less distance.
Secondary colors reveal a separation of pigments, showing underlying hues.
The green pigment in secondary colors shows traces of yellow and blue.
Brown and black pigments separate into a surprising array of colors, including orange, purple, and blue.
Chromatography can be used for educational purposes and creative art projects.
The experiment concludes with an invitation to explore more crafts using chromatography.
Transcripts
my name is Heidi Frandsen I am a
chemical engineer at partovi
ager science today we're going to talk
about chromatography and chromatography
is a way to basically separate mixture
into its individual components and how
this is done is your sample is placed on
a solid surface and the solvent you use
a solvent to basically absorb or be on
the surface of that solid surface and
the components and that mixture will
separate based on the resistance on the
solid surface so today we're going to
look at color chromatography and this is
a pretty simple experiment you just need
some washable markers and you will need
coffee filters and some salt water and
something to hold your salt watering
you're gonna need to do is you take your
coffee filter and you're going to cut it
into a rectangle and so because we're
using these little plastic cups our
rectangle is about two inches wide it'd
probably be about 4 inches long it
doesn't need to be this long we just cut
them that way the other thing we needed
to do is we drew a line about 1/2 an
inch up from the bottom of the paper to
help us define where we're going to put
our color on the line and so what we did
because there's a different phenomena
that occurs is we we put dots on our
papers so we did we did three different
papers and we're gonna do our primary
colors and we're gonna do our secondary
colors and then we have brown and black
so we're gonna go ahead and start this
experiment so basically what we have our
salt water which basically is like a
quarter teaspoon of salt in about a cup
of water and this one already has some
salt water in so I'm going to start it
over here and I put them
these popsicle sticks so that I could
just get it so that it's just touching
the bottom of the cup another way to do
this is you just want those you just
want this foot water right at the bottom
of the cup because you want the salt
water to kind of move up the coffee
filter so this is one way to do it so
you don't put too much in there is I've
got it now hanging in the cup and then
I'm going to just pour enough into the
bottom so that there's some in the
bottom and the paper can start absorbing
it but not too much to impact the
experiment I'm just gonna put a little
bit of water into this one and we'll put
our brown and black in there and this
will take I'm gonna put a little too
much so I'll just lean it against the
side so this is gonna take a few minutes
you can already start to see the colors
kind of move up the paper and we will
come back in about five or ten minutes
and see what if we can see any
differences in the color streaks on the
coffee filter it's been about five
minutes so let's see what's happening
with our colored dots so these are our
primary colors and you can see that
there's a difference and how far they've
traveled up the paper and you can also
see that the blue it pretty much all the
pigment has moved up above the line
where's the yellow is a little bit less
so in the Reds closer to the line so
that depends on the pigments and and how
they react or inter interact with the
salt water so that's what those look
like
and they still pretty much look blue
yellow and red so let's look at the
secondary colors now these look a little
bit different so we had orange green and
purple and so when you look at these and
if we had let them dry a little bit
or the green is probably the one we
could look at hopefully you can see
there's a little bit of yellow in there
and you can see the blue way up at the
top so you can see a difference in the
colors starting to separate and you can
also see a little bit of pink and a
little bit of blue with the purple so
you can start to see those those
pigments separate out in the different
colors and you can see it a little bit
more if you let your paper dry and we'll
look at our brown and black example so
here's our brown and our black and those
are kind of interesting because I
wouldn't have ever guessed that when you
look at your brown you can see orange
and you can see purple and when you look
at your black do you got some make sure
that you've got some blues and some
greens and some black in there so it's
interesting how the two different colors
what they separate out and what what
comes through when you do this
experiment so that is chromatography and
there's lots of different art projects
that you could do also with it so if you
think this was fun you can look for some
different crafts also to do with
chromatography have a great day
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