Introduction to SACS: Structural Analysis for Offshore Engineering

Summary

This script offers an in-depth exploration of offshore jacket structures, focusing on their design, components, and installation processes. It delves into the significance of main piles, skirt piles, and mud mats for stability, and discusses various jacket elements like diagonal braces, boat landings, and living quarters. The speaker also touches on specialized designs like tubular joints and the importance of API RP 2A in jacket construction. The script further covers transportation and installation methods, including Loadout, sea fastening, and launching, emphasizing the need for structural analysis at each stage to ensure safety and functionality.

Takeaways

• 🏗️ The main structural components of a jacket are the 'cords' or legs which support the load and are driven into the seabed for stability.
• 📍 'Skirt piles' are supplementary to the main piles, used to strengthen and consolidate the soil to increase its bearing capacity.
• 🛑 'Mud mats' are steel plates that provide temporary stability to the jacket during installation by distributing its weight over the disturbed seabed.
• 🔩 'Tubular joints' are specialized connections used in tubular structures of jackets, designed according to API RP 2A recommended practices.
• 📊 'Batter' is the angle at which jacket legs are inclined, which can be single or double, and is crucial for the structural integrity and load distribution.
• 🚀 'Launch runners' are beams that support the jacket during the launching process, where the jacket is moved from a barge into the water.
• 🚤 'Boat landing' is a platform on the jacket for the docking of supply or crew boats, designed to withstand the impact of these vessels.
• 🏢 'Cellar deck' is the lowest deck of a jacket, followed by the 'main deck' which serves as the primary functional area for operations.
• 🔧 'Conductors' and 'risers' are pipelines that transport fluids from the seabed to the topside and between platforms or to the shore, respectively.
• 🧱 'Piles' and 'pile sleeves' are foundational elements that anchor the jacket to the seabed, with grout used to secure the connection.
• 🔍 The design and operation of jackets involve various analyses, such as fabrication, loadout, transportation (C-fastening), launching, and pile driving, to ensure structural safety and functionality.

Q & A

What are the main piles in an offshore jacket structure called?

The main piles in an offshore jacket structure are called 'cords'. They are driven through the jacket legs to support the structure.

What is the purpose of skirt piles in an offshore jacket?

Skirt piles are used to strengthen the soil or consolidate it, providing the soil with more bearing capacity to support the load of the jacket.

Can you explain the role of mud mats in an offshore jacket structure?

Mud mats are steel plates designed to ensure the jacket's stability on the seabed. They help prevent the jacket from floating away or moving by distributing the weight of the disturbed mud and the jacket itself.

What is a tubular joint in the context of offshore jacket structures?

Tubular joints are specialized designs for connecting tubular structures in jackets, as per the API RP 2A code. They detail the weld thickness, shear stress, and punching shear values for the joints.

What is the difference between a single batter and a double batter in jacket design?

A single batter refers to the jacket leg being at an angle in one direction, while a double batter means the leg is angled in two directions. The batter provides an inclination ratio, usually between 1:6 to 1:15.

What is the purpose of launch runners in jacket installation?

Launch runners are large beams that support the jacket's weight during the launching process. They allow the jacket to be transported on a barge and then launched into the water with minimal support.

What is the function of boat landing on an offshore jacket structure?

Boat landing is the area on the jacket structure where supply boats or crew boats can dock. It is designed to withstand the impact of boats and, in some cases, larger vessels during emergency situations.

What is a cellar deck in the context of an offshore jacket structure?

The cellar deck is the lowest deck of an offshore jacket structure. It is typically followed by the main deck, which serves as the primary functional area for the topside operations.

What are conductors and risers in the context of offshore oil and gas extraction?

Conductors are large lines that transport fluids from the seabed to the topside. Risers, on the other hand, are used to move fluids between platforms or from the topside to the seabed and vice versa.

What is the purpose of pile sleeves in the foundation of an offshore jacket?

Pile sleeves are used to guide the piles into the ground during the installation process. They ensure the piles are inserted at the correct angle and position for stability.

What is the significance of grout in the construction of an offshore jacket?

Grout, a mixture of cement, sand, and water, is used to secure the piles in place by filling the spaces between the jacket and the piles, ensuring stability and a solid connection.

Outlines

00:00

🏗️ Jacket Structure and Pile Installation

This paragraph discusses the construction of offshore jacket structures, focusing on the main piles that are driven through the jacket legs, also known as cords. It explains the need for skirt piles to strengthen the soil and increase the bearing capacity, as well as the use of mud mats to ensure stability during installation. The paragraph also touches on the design of tubular joints according to API RP 2A, which is a recommended practice for offshore structures, especially those related to oil and gas.

05:00

🔨 Jacket Design Features and Terminology

The second paragraph delves into various aspects of jacket design, including batter angles for the legs, launch runners for transportation and installation, and boat landings for access. It describes different types of decks such as the cellar deck, main deck, and living quarters, and their specific functions. The paragraph also covers the role of diagonal braces, the importance of the jacket's angle known as 'batter,' and the various components like Derrick, cranes, and production equipment that are part of the jacket structure.

10:01

🚢 Offshore Operations and Equipment

This paragraph outlines the different types of equipment and operations involved in offshore oil and gas extraction. It explains the function of conductors and risers in transporting fluids from the seabed to the topside and vice versa. The paragraph also discusses clamps, grout, flooding lines, walkways, bridges, mud mats, and J-tubes, each serving a specific purpose in the stability, operation, and maintenance of the offshore platform. Additionally, it covers the importance of adhering to relevant codes and the various loads that need to be considered in jacket design.

15:01

🔍 Fabrication and Loadout Analysis

The focus of this paragraph is on the fabrication process of jacket structures, including the construction yard activities and the analysis required to ensure the jacket's safety during this phase. It discusses the rollover process, where the structure is turned 90 degrees for assembly. The paragraph also explains the different loadout methods used to transfer the jacket from the yard to a barge, such as lifted, skidded, and trailer rollout, and the importance of conducting loadout analysis to ensure the jacket can handle the loads during these operations.

20:02

⚓ Sea Fastening and Transportation Analysis

This paragraph discusses the sea fastening process, which is crucial for securing the jacket during transportation to prevent movement and potential damage. It covers the analysis needed for transportation, taking into account the six degrees of freedom of the barge and the forces acting on the jacket. The paragraph explains the use of different fastening methods like welded connections, stanchions, lashing, and the importance of hydrodynamics in analyzing the jacket's response to wave, wind, and current conditions during transportation.

25:04

🏗️ Jacket Installation and Upending Methods

The final paragraph covers the installation process of the jacket, including launching from a barge and the methods used to upend the jacket from a horizontal to a vertical position. It describes the use of towing, launching, and the two primary upending techniques: lifting and controlled flooding. The paragraph also touches on the importance of pile driving for securing the jacket legs and the installation of topside structures on top of the jacket.

Keywords

💡Jacket

A 'jacket' in the context of the video refers to the main structural support for offshore platforms, particularly in the oil and gas industry. It is a large, steel structure that is installed in the sea to support the platform above the water. The term is central to the video's theme as it discusses various aspects of jacket design, installation, and the components that make up a jacket structure.

💡Piles

Piles are the foundational support structures for jackets. They are driven into the sea bed to provide stability and support for the jacket. The video mentions 'main piles' which are essential for the jacket's structural integrity, and 'skirt piles' which are used to strengthen the soil and increase the bearing capacity of the jacket.

💡Mud Mats

Mud mats are steel plates used in the installation process of jackets. They are designed to provide temporary stability to the jacket while it is being positioned on the seabed. The video explains that mud mats help prevent the jacket from floating away or moving during installation by distributing the jacket's weight over a larger area.

💡Tubular Joints

Tubular joints are specialized connections used in the construction of jacket structures. They are designed according to the API RP 2A code, which is a set of recommended practices for the design of offshore structures. The video highlights that these joints are critical for the structural integrity of the jacket, as they connect the tubular members and must withstand various loads and stresses.

💡Diagonal Braces

Diagonal braces are structural elements used to connect the legs or 'cords' of a jacket at an angle. They provide additional support and stability to the structure. The video mentions 'batter', which refers to the angle at which the jacket legs are inclined, and how diagonal braces are used in both single and double batter configurations.

💡Launch Runners

Launch runners are beams or runners that support the jacket during the launching phase of installation. The video describes how jackets are 'launched' from a barge into the water, and how launch runners are crucial for supporting the weight of the jacket during this process, ensuring a controlled and safe transition from horizontal to vertical orientation.

💡Boat Landing

A boat landing is a part of the jacket structure designed to accommodate supply boats or crew boats. It is a platform that allows for the safe entry and exit of personnel and supplies onto the jacket. The video emphasizes the importance of boat landings being designed to withstand the impact of boats, which is crucial for the operational efficiency and safety of the platform.

💡Cellar Deck

The cellar deck is the lowest deck of a jacket structure, closest to the sea bed. It serves as the base for the jacket and supports the weight of the structure above. The video mentions the cellar deck in the context of the different types of decks that can be found on a jacket, each serving a specific function related to the platform's operation.

💡Risers

Risers are pipes used to transport fluids, such as oil or gas, from the seabed to the topside of the platform. The video distinguishes between 'conductors', which transport fluids from the seabed to the topside, and 'risers', which can transport fluids between platforms or from the topside to a pipeline. Risers play a critical role in the extraction and transportation of resources in offshore operations.

💡Loadout

Loadout refers to the process of transferring a jacket structure from the fabrication yard to a barge or vessel for transportation to the installation site. The video discusses different loadout methods, such as lifting, skidding, and trailer rollout, each with its own set of considerations for ensuring the safe and efficient transfer of the jacket.

Highlights

Introduction to offshore jacket structures, including main piles or 'cords' and their role in supporting the jacket.

Explanation of the eight-leg jacket and its significance in offshore structural design.

The concept of skirt piles for strengthening soil and increasing bearing capacity.

Mud mats' role in bottom stability analysis and preventing the jacket from floating away.

Tubular joints' specialized design in accordance with API codes for offshore structures.

Diagonal braces' function in connecting jacket legs at an angle, known as 'batter'.

Different types of batter in jacket design: single and double batter with their respective ratios.

Launch runners' importance in the transportation and installation of jacket structures.

Boat landings' design considerations for withstanding the impact of supply boats and emergency vessels.

Deck structures in jackets, including cellar deck, main deck, and their respective functions.

The necessity of living quarters and helidecks in standalone offshore platforms.

Differentiation between conductors and risers in fluid transportation from seabed to topside.

Use of clamps, grout, and flooding lines in maintaining the stability and position of risers.

J-tubes' role in housing control cables and power lines within the jacket structure.

Overview of the jacket design process following API RP 2A recommended practice.

Importance of fabrication analysis for ensuring the jacket's structural integrity during construction.

Loadout methods for transferring jacket structures from land to barge, including lifted, skidded, and trailer rollout.

Sea fastening analysis for securing the jacket during transportation and mitigating motion forces.

Launching methods for placing the jacket into the water, including crane lifting and controlled flooding.

Pile driving techniques for securing the jacket legs into the seabed.

Final notes on focusing on jacket-specific terminologies and operations unique to offshore structural engineering.

Transcripts

[Music]

foreign

structure the main piles are driven

right through the jacket legs or in

other words they are called cords so the

main legs of the jacket will be called

the uh cards so these are your main

links and so these main legs are called

your cords okay and this is a uh one two

three four five six seven eight this is

an eight leg jacket and uh so eight

quart jacket or an eight card jacket so

the piles will be driven right through

the legs that is the main pile so in

some conditions some soil conditions the

main piles might not be enough to the

soil might not be enough to support the

bearing capacity or the bearing load of

the jacket so in that case in order to

strengthen the jacket we need sorry to

strengthen the soil we might need to

give a couple of skirt bikes so that is

what skirt piles are given skirt piles

are given in order to strengthen the

soil or to consolidate the soil so that

more uh the soil itself will have more

of a bearing capacity uh to take the

load of the jacket so that is the skirt

piles which is given in the bottom okay

so that is the main pile and the skirt

pile so next one is the mud mats so what

happens with mudmans is usually mud mats

is basically a steel plate uh which is

given uh in in some sort of uh

Dimensions or in uh any in some in some

design design in such a way that it is

designed on the basis of something

called an on bottom stability analysis

so on bottom stability analysis is the

jacket is installed on the location at

location it is installed and before we

do the first pile driving the jacket has

to stay in location or has to stay at

location it should not be able to float

away and go or it should not be able to

float and should not be able to move so

in order for it not to move what we do

with mud mats it's a it's a steel plate

which the moment you touch the seabed a

lot of mud is Disturbed there and this

mud will be disturbed and once the

jacket is sitting on the seabed the mud

will come and rest on top of the mud map

so what happens is more weight from the

soil itself is sitting on the mud mat

and the mud mat is being supported by

the jacket so the weight of the mud

itself will be will be holding the

jacket in place along with the steel

plates okay so

basic steel plate which is having a lot

of weight and there is mud on top of it

also so that it will still change

position that

it's like a flat plate fully flat yeah

just a flat plate yes okay yeah sure

which is reinforced or which will be

connected to the jacket braces at the

bottom level okay so that is the mud

bath okay then we have skirt pre-sleeves

so these free sleeves are just for the

skirt pile we have uh sleeves through

which the uh skirt bite will be

introduced to the ground so there are

some sleeves through which because this

is a lot this is all at an angle

there'll be some sleeves from the top

and the pile will be inserted through

the sleeves so that will it will be at

the right correct angle to the soil okay

that is the skirt pile sleeves uh then

tubular joints so tubular joints is a

specific is a specialized design for

jackets especially so usually the code

that we use for jacket design is

something called API code so are you

familiar with API API yes yeah no sir

I'm not sure okay API is American

petroleum Institute so all uh offshore

codes basically most of these offshore

structure that offshore structures uh

especially related to oiling gas are

coming under the purview of API codes so

here we are going to be following API RP

be recommended practice to a that is the

code which we are using for and that is

used for official structures okay so

rp2a and within that is a specific

design called tubular design so this

tubular design is specific because in

jackets you will be mostly using tubular

structures so all the tubular structures

when they are when there is a joint

between tubular we usually have key

joints or k joints or Y joints pky

joints so there is a specific design for

tky joints and uh what is the weld

thickness or what is the shear stress or

what is the punching Shear that can be

allowed all these kind of values are

mentioned in API code so depending on

that so we have to designate all these

joints as a tubular joint and the and

there will be specific design that will

be done for all these tubular joints so

that is the tubular then we have

diagonal braces so the diagonal brace is

your normal brace between connecting two

members you have a brace uh battered

like jacket okay so this jacket's legs

or cords are supposed to be at an angle

and that angle angle is called a banner

so in offshore terms you will call those

angle a batter and there are two types

of batter there is a single batter and

there is a double back so single batter

means when the jacket like is is at an

angle to One Direction to maybe an X

direction or a y direction that is

called a single batter and if the oh

yeah yeah b a double t e r yeah and if

the jacket leg is at an angle to both

the directions then it's called a double

banded clip okay so and uh the angle the

this this inclination is provided uh in

in some sort of a ratio that ratio is

usually going to be one is to eight

sorry one is to six two one is to

Fifteen it will be in between that and

whether it is a double batter or a

single batter usually you'll have one is

to six so one is to Fifteen that will be

the usual ratio of the batter and it's

just 16 to sorry one is two one is two

one is two six two one is to Fifteen one

five okay so uh that is better then then

we have something called launch Runners

so launch Runner is something which is

related to the operation smart which is

related to transportation and

installation of a jacket so uh when we

actually do an installation job we have

different methodologies for instantly

installing a jacket so we will after

this we'll cover the operations for pni

part Transportation installation and

when we cover that we'll be going

through the different methodologies for

installation of jackets in that one of

the installation methods is called

launching it is exactly what it sounds

like you will be carrying this barge

sorry this jacket on a barge and from

the jacket from the bar you will just

launch it into the water okay and when

you do launch the support has to be

provided very minimal support has to be

provided so what we do on the jacket is

we'll just provide two beams two huge

Runners which will be just supported by

the barge and all the weight of the

jacket will be supported on these two

Runners that Runner is called a launch

Runner so we can see that details when

we cover up when pni operations we can

see the detail of that uh next is going

to be boat landing so boat landing is

basically wherever uh these jacket

structures are there up to MSL or the

mean sea level and the top side is above

that so the whenever you have a supply

boat or a crew boat which comes in they

come to the boat landing and they can

enter the jacket from the boat landing

there will be stairs to the top side so

that is where we have boat landing and

the boat landing will be designed for

taking the impact of a crew boat or a

supply boat so it will be moved to the

boat landing and in specific cases or in

in certain uh immediate requirements in

emergency situations there might be the

requirement of any other bigger ship or

a ship coming or a bigger vessel coming

and Mooring to the jacket itself and in

that case the boat landing has to be

able to take the impact of such a vessel

a dynamic impact of such a vessel also

on those jacket so the boat landing will

be designed for all these kind of loads

okay so on the okay so moving on to the

deck there are some more uh terms in the

jacket which as we go ahead we'll look

into that uh going into the deck we have

something called Cellar deck so seller

deck is going to be the most bottom most

deck and that is called a Cellar deck uh

on top of that you will have a main deck

which is going to be the main functional

deck of the top side so all these top

sides are going to be designed or are

going to be uh named because of a

certain requirement so usually we have

process platforms we have Wellhead

platforms we have a flare platform or

accommodation platform so depending on

what is the requirement that whatever is

that requirement usually happens on the

main deck so that is the main uh main

deck is used for that then you have

living quarters if it's a standalone

jacket and or a standalone platform in

which you do not have any other

complexes nearby complexes means any

other main process platforms or any

other accommodation platform nearby you

might need to have a living quarters on

board so in that case your top set will

have a living quarters and a heli deck

or a heliport oily a copter

Transportation uh then you have Derrick

Derek is usually used in a drilling

platform if you have a drilling jacket

then uh you will have to use a direct

usually nowadays we don't have a direct

on top of platforms because there is

rigs are available now drilling rigs are

available so usually we'll have drilling

rigs coming and doing the drilling not

on top sides then you have crane so so

deck crane is used for lifting supplies

from the supply vessel or for any

maintenance works on top side they need

to clean the engine head or to move a

valve from one position to another

position all these things they'll be

using the crane for that so your crane

is going to be designed for a huge

moment the moment means your supply and

your supply crane will your supply

vessel might be coming with uh two or

two to five tons of cargo and your train

has to lift it from the sea level up to

the top and maybe even from heli deck

your supply will be coming from the hell

index so it has to carry something from

the heli deck to the living quarters or

to the supply store or something like

that you will use your uh then you have

your other production equipments and

other all modules whichever your general

loads or your miscellaneous loads will

be on top of the top side so this is an

overall overall overview of the top side

and the jacket yeah yeah okay so in

jacket basically you have jacket legs uh

you have braces

joints which we just discussed and

launch Runners and trust us okay then

you have Scott files okay all other

points are all together is called

hypertenances so all your boat landing

is an opportunist uh conductors you have

conductors so conductors are the actual

flow lines or your actual lines which

will be transporting or which will be

conducting the oil or gas whatever is

your fluid from the ground to power from

the seabed to the uh top side okay so

conductor is the one which is going deep

into the seabed and it will usually be

very uh small lines or sorry usually be

big lines which will be conducting or

which will be transporting the fluid and

this will be normally your gas or your

your crude or your oil or whatever is

the fluid then you have bracing and

guides uh then you have Rises so Riser

is used for transporting or conduct or

moving your fluid from one platform to

another or one platform to a pipeline it

is used to conduct the fluid from the

top side to the ground or to the seabed

and so if you have to carry or if you

have to move this oil or gas whatever

you have uh now drilled out if you want

to move this to the onshore or you want

to move this to another platform you

need to

bring it out to bring it out you have to

go down to seabed again you have to take

it to the mud line so the that pipe

which takes it to the mud line is called

a riser and that Riser is going to be

connected to your pipeline and then this

pipeline is going to go to the next

platform and from that pipeline again

there's going to be another Riser which

will help it to go up to the top side

again so that is the use of horizon

um so whatever we are extracting from

the seabed it goes down again through

the Riser correct I mean whatever

happens in the top side happens it the

top side might be used for some sort of

a processing if it is being processed it

will be processed if it is not being

processed either way it has to be

transported somewhere so whether it is

processed or unprocessed it has to be

transported so that Transportation

happens through Riser so that's the

difference between a conductor conductor

is actually transporting it from the

seabed to the top side uh while the

Riser is doing it from the top side to

the mud line or from the mud line to the

top side either way uh then we have

clamps so clamps are used to keep the

risers in position uh grout grout is

your basic civil grout itself it's a

mixture of cement and sand and water and

flooding lines flooding lines are used

for your TNA operations when you need to

do control buoyancy of the jacket you

will be using flooding lines walkways

walkways are used for uh connection

between within the platform itself there

will be walkways for walking around and

even between connections between two

platforms bridges are will be connected

between two platforms mud mats as I

explained already mud mats are for

stability on bottom stability and then

you have J tubes which are similar to

Rices the difference being in Rices you

actually have fluid flowing through it

in J tubes you have cables or umbilicals

the cables which will be controlling the

valves or your electric power lines or

power cables and

umbilicals will be used for your valves

or for your uh plate connections or your

PSP connections all those kind of

connections we'll be using J tubes okay

okay then you have in the foundations

you will be using piles uh pile sleeves

and the grout routing is the uh

connection between the as I said the

file is inserted through the jacket

length or through the jacket cord and

the pile is connected between each other

using that that analyst between them is

connected or is grout and it is

connected with the grouting so that is

that is why we use grout there so for a

design of a jacket what we do is

basically we have to the relevant codes

are rpn2a this is what we're going to be

using okay so I'm not going into the

same principles of it because we are not

going to design the jacket as such one

more this I wanted to show you is the

offshore operations yeah so now with the

what all offshore operations are being

included in this so basically you have

when you do your jacket design or your

top side design you have different loads

that you need to consider or there are

different cases that you will be

considering so out of them the first

case is going to be your fabrication

case so in fabrication what happens and

why do you consider fabrication load

case so fabrication it is the

construction of a structure carried out

in the fabrication yard it includes

process such as cutting rolling uh

pressing fitting welding stress living

Etc so this is basically your

fabrication so what is happening in your

fabrication is this this is how your

jacket is being fabricated so basically

you have a structure which is being

constructed on the ground and once this

row is constructed on the ground you

have the other two rows also on the

sides these two rows are also

constructed on this on the side of the

main row and once this construction is

done you have to bring them together and

bringing them together is a process

called rollover so rollover means you

will turn the Row 90 degrees it can be

kept on top of the bottom row and you

will weld all this together okay so that

is called uh fabrication so what happens

in fabrication is what the reason of uh

why we are doing an eye so we need to do

an analysis here so what is the

fabrication or a yard analysis or a

fabrication analysis means uh in this

jacket structure you can see this is uh

right now the position is horizontal it

is not vertical so most of the jackets

are built like this unless it's a very

small jacket most of the jackets are

built like this so and you you can

understand that the final jacket

position is supposed to be vertical and

the load is supposed to be transferred

vertically but you can see in this

position the lacket is going to be

horizontal and the load you can see is

being transferred only on certain points

only on the location where the joints

are there so uh and the load of the

jacket or the weight of the jacket has

to be taken by these four three or four

points so to make sure that the jacket

is safe or is can be constructed in such

a way it is able to carry the load even

in this position we have to do an

analysis and make sure that the jacket

is capable or that leg or that joint is

capable of taking the load of the jacket

okay so we because talking about not

very we are talking about huge loads

here so even the smallest jackets might

be around thousand five hundred thousand

two hundred so these thousand two

hundred ton jackets should be able to

take its own weight and during the

transportation during the installation

during all this time it is going to be

in a horizontal position and the loads

are going to be distributed only in two

or three points so do during all this

time all the stresses should be taken by

the jacket without any damage so that

the final position also there is not

going to be any issue so that is the

point of doing a fabrication analysis

okay uh next is this usually these

jackets are being uh constructed or

fabricated on the uh on on something

called a keysight or a keyboard uh or on

on a yard which is very close to the to

water so the the process of transferring

this from land to the to a barge or to a

vessel is called Loadout yeah so what

happens during Loadout so there are

different forms of Loadout for uh for a

structure for top side and for a jacket

so for a jacket you have these three

kinds one is going to be lifted one is

going to be skated and one is going to

be trailer rollout so lifted Loadout

means you will just use a crane and you

can just lift it and move it onto the

bunch in the case of a very small

structure or a very small jacket because

usually even for cranes you have two

types of cranes you have offshore Crane

and an on onshore crane so usually the

yard itself most of the time you will

not have an offshore crane available you

will only have an onshore grain so the

limit or the capacity of that yard is to

do a lifted Loadout is going to be very

limited usually if the jacket structures

are very small uh is less than 500 tons

you can do some sort of lifted Loadout

or even if it's a thousand tons maybe

you can use two or three cranes and then

do the uh Loadout lifted Loadout but

usually more than that you will not be

able to use any sort of lifting because

you need an offshore crane to do the

lifting and and usually you cannot use a

offshore lift on the yard side so they

will be using some other form of Loadout

so that's a drawback of using doing a

lifted Loadout and so the other format

is going to be to do skid loader so it's

a Steeler Loadout is when you are using

a combination of skid ways or skid shoes

or Runners and they are propelled by

jacks or winches so what happens in this

case is you usually have a main beam or

a very huge Runner which is going to be

going from your onshore to the barge

which is connected to the onshore and to

the barge and you will skip it on top of

this uh beam so you will just put your

structure on top of the beam and you

just keep pulling it onto the box so in

that case you will have to use some sort

of a friction

your friction coefficient has to be very

low so that your skidding does not

damage your jacket and uh you you need a

proper winch or you need a proper uh

pulling or a pushing mechanism in which

this can be the structure can be pushed

or pulled onto the jacket sorry onto the

batch okay okay so that is your skidded

Loadout now uh trailer Loadout means you

will be using spmts spmts means self

propelled modular fans trailers

okay those are your small uh trailers

which have a number of wheels and axles

and these are the structures which you

see in this huge Refinery structure or

wind farms which are being transported

so instead of using this beam you will

load your jacket or your structure onto

these trailers so these are a couple of

you will use maybe four or five trailers

and the load will be distributed in such

a way that all these trailers will be

able to take the loads properly safely

and you will drive this spmt directly

onto the bunch and you will carry this

along with the barge okay so this is the

uh Loadout using the trailers

top sides will top sites be on the this

thing right now on the jacket right now

no no no that will be

yes everything to do with the top side

will be separate okay they will only be

meshed together made it together

offshore

so now why are we talking about Loadout

because in Loadout what happens is uh

usually same the first of all the

position is going to be horizontal so

you have a the jacket horizontally you

have to check on top of that what

happens is when you do a lifting you

have to check for lifting loads so

lifting loads means your crane your

jacket is being supported on certain pad

eyes or on trunnions

which are going to be your load points

or where there is going to be stress

concentration going to happen so if you

have a Loadout or a lifting with Just

Four Points the whole weight of the

jacket is being going to concentrate on

those four points so you have to make

sure your jacket is safe there if it's a

lifter if it's a lifting Loadout if it's

a skidded Loadout you have a beam and

you as we mentioned before you have only

two process two launch processes or two

Runners so the whole load of the jacket

is going to be on the two Runners and

you have to make sure that the two

Runners are able to take the whole load

of the jacket so that is another Loadout

analysis uh for trailer again the same

thing you have the load distribution

happening in two or three points only

and for these two or three points uh you

have to make sure that the load is being

able to carry properly also your Loadout

your spmt should be able to carry the

loads should be able to there's an axle

limit or an axle capacity for the spmts

and they should be able to sustain that

loads also yeah so this is our uh

skidded load you can see how the student

Loadout is going to happen then we have

sea fastening so C fastening is once you

have this structure loaded onto your

barge you need to see fasten it for the

transportation so this is your

transportation analysis or your

c-fasting analysis so what happens

during transportation is that your barge

will be having uh six degree of Freedom

so they have six degree of roll sorry

six degree of motions so you have your

uh

roll pitch and your and you have your uh

XYZ direction also so uh for all these

six directions you need to make sure

that your barge sorry your jacket is not

being uh is not moved first of all and

second is when you do restrict the

Motions it should not be there should

not be a defect or there should not be

any deflections or any any damage to the

jacket during your restrictions so for

that we are using we do a c fasting

analysis to make sure sure the forces

are okay so there are different types of

fastening you can use welded connections

so usually we'll be doing welded

connections most of the time when you

have pipes or big pipes that you're

going to transport for pipelines Etc you

will be using stanchions and lashing so

lashing will be used when you have uh

pipes and or you have small structures

which you don't need to have huge welded

connections or something like that then

you will be using lashing for pipes

usually you'll use tangents and welded

connections are used for top sides and

jackets huge structures okay so this is

your uh see fastening

so transportation is going to be

including off to find out your sea

fastening forces or to get your uh

motion forces whatever as a motion

forces you need to do this so to get

your analysis so here we have to play

around with hydrodynamics uh depending

on the shape of your structure depends

sorry shape of your vessel uh depending

on the wave conditions depending on wind

wave current how your structure is going

to respond to the different motions is

where you will run the analysis here and

find out throwing off the structure from

your application here to destination

after proper C first so this is how your

transportation is going to happen this

is a launch barge and this is going to

be launched into the jacket so this is

the transportation of a eight leg Jacket

using a launch barge Towing is going to

be the process of moving a non okay this

is nothing to do with it this is just a

how do you know I use usually you have

Towing once you do install or once you

put the jacket into water you will do

Towing but that is not a very uh serious

analysis or anything you just need to

know the toe capacity of the bullet pull

of the uh towing machine that's a small

very small uh analysis run or

calculation to get the analysis uh

Towing ball article of the towing

launching so launching is the final step

of Transportation of a barge it is not

necessarily the the final step because

there are different jackets depending on

different jackets and different

methodologies you have either launching

or lifting you can do the objective is

to put the jacket in the water that is

the objective so you can either lift it

in four point lifting and you can put it

into water or you can directly launch it

into into water in this method if it's a

top side you will lift it you will pick

it up and keep it on top of the jacket

or it's a float over process that you

will have when you do a top site so

these are the methods which you can use

for installing or putting the jacket

into the water and once the jacket is in

water you have something called appendix

go into now this is the process where

you will be operating the jacket where

the jacket is made is gone from

horizontal to Vertical right so you can

do appending by two methods one is going

to be lifting and one is going to be

controlled flooding so lifting means you

can lift it you can use a crane and you

can hold on to the jacket and you can

just lift it and the jacket will come up

right because you'll be lifting it only

from the top side of from the top in

that case it will automatically lift it

will become appended the second case is

by control flooding in which you don't

use a crane but you use flood lines and

you will you will do control flooding of

the jacket the leg will be controlled

will be flooded by controlling the

valves and that is where the flood lines

come into picture and you will start

flooding the bottom legs and as the

water fills up that portion will go down

because of the weight and it will

upright itself and then due to the

weight the jacket will come and see

about the C bed so that is another way

of water

water line times as we for at the for

the step one is that the compartments

are filled at the bottom of the jacket

so that the jacket can be operated and

then once it is upright we have to fill

at the water line tank so that the

weight is increased and the jacket goes

and sits on the seat yeah so this is uh

a friendly Crane and the other one is

not shown here but we will be doing that

in sex to see that we can see it inside

how it is done after that there is pile

driving but this is nothing to do with

our analysis This Is How We Do the pile

driving the jacket leg is going the pile

is going through the leg and the pile

driver is used to uh drive it through

this is a top side installation you will

just lift the jacket and go install this

is the right directly kept on top of the

jacket legs yeah so that's pretty much

it for uh an overview of the idea so

hope you you got some some idea on the

terminology and how it works and all

that yeah I prefer that you you

concentrate more on the jacket portion

because the top side is going to be like

any other structure but jacket portion

will be a little bit more of a uh

terminologies and terms coming up the

operations all this will be different

for

a jacket

so that's the next point I wanted to

know because uh I'm not sure what you

have been told or what where so what is

the expectation of what we are going to

be covering here uh we are basically

going to go through the sex my objective

is going to be to make you understand

sex software we are not going to go into

in-depth of analysis questions or

structural design we are not doing

offshore structural uh design portion we

are more concentrating on this on

software itself so uh anything related

to snack software I can cover and I can

sort it out for you uh because anything

more than that would be more into design

portion which is the actual design of

jackets and actual design of uh top

sides and all that so that portion

actually we're not going to be covering

uh so I'm not sure what they have told

you about it so I just wanted to clarify

is that and uh we will be taking I I

expect to take about uh every five days

of two hour classes that is what