Coronary arteries Anatomy / Blood supply of Heart / Arterial supply of heart : Animation
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the arterial supply of the heart, detailing the coronary arteries' origins, courses, and branches. It explains the distribution of the right and left coronary arteries, their roles in supplying blood to different parts of the heart, and the clinical implications of their obstruction, such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The script also covers the venous drainage of the heart, highlighting the coronary sinus and its tributaries, which are crucial for understanding cardiac function and related pathologies.
Takeaways
- 🌟 The heart is primarily supplied by the right and left coronary arteries, which originate from the ascending aorta above the aortic valve.
- 🔍 The right coronary artery (RCA) runs in the right atrioventricular groove and supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary trunk, anterior ventricular branches, and atrial branches.
- 📍 The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery, supplying various parts of the heart including the interventricular septum and left ventricle.
- 💊 Angina pectoris is a condition where narrowed coronary arteries reduce blood supply to the heart, causing chest pain during exertion that can radiate to the arm and shoulder.
- 🚑 Myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when a coronary artery is suddenly blocked, leading to ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle.
- ⚠️ The most common sites of coronary artery occlusion are the anterior interventricular artery, right coronary artery, and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
- 🩺 Clinical features of myocardial infarction include chest pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm and jaw.
- 🌀 The venous drainage of the heart involves the coronary sinus and various cardiac veins, which drain blood from the heart walls into the right atrium.
- 🔄 The coronary sinus is the main vein of the heart, receiving blood from the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein, among others.
- 🔎 The small cardiac vein accompanies the right ventricular artery and drains into the right end of the coronary sinus, while the oblique vein of the left atrium drains into the coronary sinus from the posterior surface of the left atrium.
- 🔗 The anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimae are small veins that drain blood from the right ventricle and all four chambers of the heart, respectively.
Q & A
What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the heart?
-The heart is mostly supplied by the right and left coronary arteries, which arise from the ascending aorta.
Where do the coronary arteries originate from?
-The right coronary artery originates from the anterior aortic sinus, and the left coronary artery originates from the left posterior aortic sinus, both located immediately above the aortic valve.
What is the anatomical feature that the coronary arteries lie within?
-The coronary arteries and their branches run on the surface of the heart, lying within the subpericardial fibrofatty tissue.
How does the right coronary artery course after arising from the ascending aorta?
-The right coronary artery first runs forwards between the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle, then descends vertically into the right atrioventricular groove, turns posteriorly at the inferior border of the heart, and terminates by anastomosing with the left coronary artery.
What are the main branches of the right coronary artery and what do they supply?
-The right coronary artery supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus, anterior ventricular branches, marginal branch, atrial branches (including the artery of the sinoatrial node in 60% of cases), and posterior ventricular branches, including the posterior interventricular artery.
What is the course of the left coronary artery after it arises from the ascending aorta?
-The left coronary artery runs forwards and to the left between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle, then divides into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery, which run in their respective grooves to the apex of the heart.
What is the function of the anterior interventricular artery, also known as the left anterior descending artery?
-The anterior interventricular artery supplies the interventricular septum, the greater part of the left ventricle, and part of the right ventricle, as well as a part of the left bundle branch.
What clinical condition is associated with narrowed coronary arteries and how is it manifested?
-Angina pectoris is associated with narrowed coronary arteries, causing moderate to severe pain in the region of the left precordium that may last up to 20 minutes, often referred to the left shoulder and medial side of the arm and forearm.
What is a myocardial infarction and what are its clinical features?
-A myocardial infarction is a blockage of one of the larger branches of a coronary artery, leading to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Clinical features include chest pain lasting longer than 30 minutes, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm, forearm, and hand.
Where do the three most common sites of coronary artery occlusion occur and what percentage do they represent?
-The three most common sites of occlusion are the anterior interventricular artery (40-50%), the right coronary artery (30-40%), and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (15-20%).
How is the venous blood from the heart drained and what is the principal vein involved?
-Venous blood from the heart is drained into the right atrium, primarily through the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein of the heart and receives blood from various tributaries including the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein.
Outlines
💓 Arterial Supply and Branches of the Heart
The heart's arterial supply primarily comes from the right and left coronary arteries, which originate from the ascending aorta. The right coronary artery (RCA) supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus, right ventricle, atria, and part of the interventricular septum. It also gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery. The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into the anterior interventricular artery (also known as the left anterior descending artery) and the circumflex artery. The anterior interventricular artery supplies the interventricular septum, the left ventricle, and part of the right ventricle, while the circumflex artery supplies the left ventricle's left margin and part of the left atrium. Clinically, narrowing of these arteries can lead to angina pectoris, characterized by chest pain during exertion that is relieved by rest.
🚑 Myocardial Infarction and Venous Drainage
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when a coronary artery is suddenly blocked, leading to ischemia and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle. This condition presents with symptoms such as prolonged chest pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm and jaw. The most common sites of blockage are the anterior interventricular artery (40-50%), the right coronary artery (30-40%), and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (15-20%). The heart's venous drainage system includes the coronary sinus and various cardiac veins that collect blood from the heart walls and return it to the right atrium. The coronary sinus is the largest vein and receives blood from the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, and others, playing a crucial role in the heart's circulatory system.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Coronary Arteries
💡Subepicardial Fibrofatty Tissue
💡Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
💡Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
💡Anterior Interventricular Artery
💡Circumflex Artery
💡Angina Pectoris
💡Myocardial Infarction
💡Coronary Artery Occlusion
💡Coronary Sinus
💡Venous Drainage
Highlights
The heart is mostly supplied by the two coronary arteries which arise from the ascending aorta.
Coronary arteries and their branches run on the surface of the heart within the subpericardial fibrofatty tissue.
Anatomically, coronary arteries are not arteries but functionally behave like end arteries.
The right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus and runs between the pulmonary trunk and right atrium before descending into the right atrioventricular groove.
The right coronary artery supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus, anterior ventricular branches, marginal branch, atrial branches, and posterior ventricular branches.
The left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus and divides into the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery.
The anterior interventricular artery supplies the interventricular septum, greater part of the left ventricle, and part of the right ventricle.
The circumflex artery winds around the left margin of the heart and supplies the left marginal artery and diagonal artery.
Atrial branches of the coronary arteries supply the left atrium.
Narrowed coronary arteries can lead to reduced blood supply to cardiac muscles, causing angina pectoris during exertion.
Myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery is suddenly blocked, leading to ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle.
The clinical features of myocardial infarction include chest pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm and jaw.
The three most common sites of coronary artery occlusion are the anterior interventricular artery, right coronary artery, and circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
Venous blood from the heart is drained into the right atrium by the coronary sinus and other veins.
The coronary sinus is the principal vein of the heart, receiving blood from the walls of the heart.
The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein are major tributaries of the coronary sinus.
The oblique vein of the left atrium and right marginal vein also contribute to the venous drainage of the heart.
Anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimae are small veins in the walls of the heart chambers that drain into the right atrium.
Transcripts
[Music]
arterial supply of the heart the heart
is mostly supplied by the two coronary
arteries which arise from the ascending
aorta immediately above the eye or tick
valve the coronary arteries and their
branches run on the surface of the heart
lying within the sub pericardial
fibrofatty tissue anatomically coronary
arteries are not and arteries but
functionally they behave like end
arteries right coronary artery origin
the right coronary artery arises from
the anterior attic sinus of the
ascending aorta immediately above the I
Arctic valve course after arising from
the ascending aorta the right coronary
artery first runs forwards between the
pulmonary trunk and the right oracle and
then it descends almost vertically into
the right atrioventricular groove the
right anterior coronary sulcus up to the
junction of the right and inferior
borders of the heart
at the inferior border of the heart it
turns posteriorly and runs in the
posterior atrioventricular groove up to
the posterior interventricular groove
and terminates by anastomosing with the
left coronary artery
branches and distribution right CONUS
artery it supplies the anterior surface
of the pulmonary CONUS anterior
ventricular branches they are two or
three and supply the anterior surface of
the right ventricle
the marginal branch is the largest and
runs along the lower margin of the
sternal costal surface to reach the apex
atrial branches they supply the atria
one of the atrial branches the artery of
the sinoatrial node supplies the SA node
in 60% of cases in 40 percent of
individuals it arises from the left
coronary artery
posterior ventricular branches they are
usually to and supply the diaphragmatic
surface of the right and left ventricles
posterior interventricular artery it
runs in the posterior interventricular
groove up to the apex it supplies the
posterior part of the interventricular
septum AV node in 60% cases and right
and left ventricles
left coronary artery origin the left
coronary artery arises from the left
posterior I Arctic sinus of the
ascending aorta immediately above the I
Arctic valve course after arising from
the ascending aorta the left coronary
artery runs forwards and to the left
between the pulmonary trunk and the left
auricle it then divides into an anterior
interventricular artery also known as
left anterior descending artery and runs
downwards in the anterior
interventricular groove to the apex of
the heart it then passes posteriorly
around the apex of the heart to enter
the posterior interventricular groove to
terminate by anastomosing with the
posterior interventricular artery a
branch of the right coronary artery the
circumflex artery winds around the left
margin of the heart and continues in the
left posterior coronary sulcus up to the
posterior interventricular groove where
it terminates by anastomosing with the
right coronary artery
branches and distribution anterior
interventricular artery also known as
left anterior descending artery it
supplies and here you're part of
interventricular septum greater part of
the left ventricle and part of the right
ventricle and a part of left bundle
branch circumflex artery it gives a left
marginal artery that supplies the left
margin of the left ventricle up to the
apex of the heart diagonal artery it may
arise directly from the trunk of the
left coronary artery CONUS artery it
supplies the pulmonary CONUS atrial
branches they supply the left atrium
clinical correlation angina pectoris
if the coronary arteries are narrowed
the blood supply to the cardiac muscles
is reduced as a result on exertion the
patient feels moderately severe pain in
the region of left procore diem that may
last as long as 20 minutes the pain is
often referred to the left shoulder and
medial side of the arm and forearm in
angina pectoris pain occurs on exertion
and relieved by rest this is because the
coronary arteries are so narrowed that
ischemia of cardiac muscle occurs only
on exertion
myocardial infarction a sudden block of
one of the larger branches of either
coronary artery usually leads to
myocardial ischemia followed by the
myocardial necrosis which is myocardial
infarction the part of heart suffering
from myocardial infarction stops
functioning and often causes death this
condition is termed heart attack or
coronary attack the clinical features of
myocardial infarction are as follows a
sensation of pressure or sinking and
pain in the chest that lasts longer than
30 minutes nausea or vomiting sweating
shortness of breath and tachycardia pain
radiates to the medial side of the arm
forearm and hand sometimes it may be
referred to jaw or neck sites of
coronary artery occlusion the three most
common sites of the coronary artery
occlusion are as under anterior
interventricular artery or left anterior
descending artery is 40 to 50 percent
right coronary artery is 30 to 40
percent circumflex branch of the left
coronary artery is 15 to 20 percent an
important point to be noted here is that
myocardial infarction mostly occurs at
breast where as angina occurs on
exertion anterior interventricular
artery or left anterior descending
artery is most commonly blocked venous
drainage of the heart venous blood from
the heart is drained into right atrium
by the following coronary sinus anterior
cardiac veins vena cordis mini-me also
known as the Bayesian veins coronary
sinus it is the principal vein of the
heart most of the venous blood from the
walls of the heart is drained into the
right atrium through coronary sinus the
coronary sinus is the largest vein of
the heart and lies in the posterior part
of the atrial ventricular groove it
develops from the left horn of the sinus
venous and a part of the left common
Cardinal vein tributaries the
coronary sinus receives the following
tributaries great cardiac vein it
accompanies anterior interventricular
and circumflex arteries to join the left
end of the coronary sinus middle cardiac
vein it accompanies the posterior
interventricular artery to join the
coronary sinus near its termination
small cardiac vein it accompanies the
right ventricular artery in the right
posterior coronary sulcus and the right
end of the coronary sinus posterior Wain
of the left ventricle it runs on the
diaphragmatic surface of the left
ventricle and joins the sinus to the
middle cardiac vein oblique vein of left
atrium also known as vein of Marshall it
is a small wind which runs downwards on
the posterior surface of the left atrium
to enter the left end of the coronary
sinus it develops from the left common
Cardinal vein which is also known as a
duct of Q veer right marginal vein it
accompanies the marginal branch of the
right coronary artery and joins the
small cardiac vein or drains directly
into the right atrium left marginal vein
it accompanies the marginal branch of
the left coronary artery and drains into
the coronary sinus anterior cardiac
veins these are a series of small veins
which run parallel to each other across
the surface of right ventricle to open
into the right atrium vena cordis
minimize also known as the Bayesian
veins these are extremely small veins in
the walls of all four chambers of the
heart
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