🔬 Science Max - EARTHQUAKES - Home Experiments 🌎
Summary
TLDRPhil demonstrates how to build a shake table to simulate earthquakes and test building designs. He shows building towers with blocks, explaining triangle shapes and cross braces help resist shaking. He discusses liquefaction, where ground turns to liquid during quakes, sinking buildings. Busta Beaker makes earthquake-proof cookie buildings on different 'soils' to show building materials and ground type impact resistance. The script explains earthquakes' causes and seismometers that measure shakes. Experiments let viewers understand quake behaviors and engineer solutions.
Takeaways
- 😊 The video teaches how to build a 'shaker table' to simulate earthquakes for experimenting and testing building designs
- 😮💨 Modern buildings in earthquake zones are designed to withstand shaking using special engineering
- 👷♂️ Triangular shaped towers with wide bases and cross braces are more stable in earthquakes
- 🌋 Soil liquefaction during earthquakes turns ground to liquid, causing buildings to sink
- 😀 Wafers and gelatin can be used to model buildings on different 'soils' in an earthquake
- 📏 A simple seismometer to detect earthquake direction can be made from cups, clay, a pencil and a ball
- 😊 Kids are encouraged to design building shapes and test on the homemade shaker table
- 🔬 The video teaches the science behind earthquakes and why shaking occurs
- 🏗️ Engineers learn how to build earthquake resistant buildings through testing and models
- 🤓 Science experiments help us understand natural phenomena like earthquakes
Q & A
What causes earthquakes?
-Earthquakes happen when two plates on the earth's surface rub together and it causes the ground to shake.
How can you simulate an earthquake?
-You can simulate an earthquake by building a shaker table using two books, elastic bands, and rubber balls. Put the elastic bands around the books and place the balls in between. Then build a tower on top using blocks.
What shape of building is most stable in an earthquake?
-Triangles are very stable shapes for buildings in earthquake zones. A wider base and cross braces make triangle shaped buildings more resistant to shaking.
What happens during soil liquefaction?
-During an earthquake, the shaking causes water to rise up through the soil. This turns the soil to liquid temporarily, causing heavy objects like houses to sink. The soil then re-hardens with buildings stuck.
How can you tell which direction an earthquake came from?
-You can build a simple seismometer using cups, clay, a pencil, and a ball to detect the direction of shaking from an earthquake.
Why do modern buildings in earthquake zones not collapse?
-Modern buildings in earthquake zones are specially designed to withstand shaking. Engineers use triangles and cross braces to make the buildings stable.
What happened when the triangular tower was shaken?
-When the triangular tower built with cross braces was shaken, it remained standing while previous square and flexible towers had collapsed.
What is soil liquefaction?
-Soil liquefaction is when the shaking of an earthquake turns solid ground temporarily into liquid, causing buildings on top to sink into themud before the ground re-solidifies.
How can friends be used as a table?
-With four friends, have each person face outward in chairs and lean back onto the knees of the person behind them. This distributes everyone's weight through the chair legs to make a table.
How did the different buildings withstand shaking?
-The crisp wafer cookie buildings on chocolate street remained standing after shaking but the gelatin buildings on vanilla street collapsed, showing the impact of different soil foundations.
Outlines
😲 Building an Earthquake Simulator
The first paragraph describes how to build a shaker table to simulate earthquakes using books, elastic bands, and rubber balls. It explains how to attach a tower made of building blocks to the shaker table and shake it until it collapses to test its earthquake resilience.
🏗 Designing Earthquake-Resistant Buildings
The second paragraph discusses designing buildings that can withstand earthquakes. It explains how triangles provide stable structure and cross braces add support. A tower made using this design withstands vigorous shaking from the simulator.
🌊 Simulating Soil Liquefaction
The third paragraph demonstrates soil liquefaction using a plastic container filled with sand and a bit of water. A house model placed on top sinks when the container is shaken to mimic the effects of an earthquake turning soil to liquid.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡earthquake
💡shaker table
💡building design
💡soil liquefaction
💡tectonic plates
💡fault lines
💡seismometer
💡seismic waves
💡epicenter
💡magnitude
Highlights
Build a shaker table to simulate earthquakes using books, elastic bands, and rubber balls
Triangular structures with wide bases and cross braces are most earthquake resistant
Soil liquefaction happens when water rises through sand, temporarily turning it liquid
Buildings on solid ground withstand earthquakes better than those on shaky, wiggly soil
Seismometers measure earthquake vibrations to detect direction
Make a seismometer using a pencil, paper cups, modeling clay, a ball, and tape
The ball on the homemade seismometer falls in the direction an earthquake is simulated
Modern buildings in earthquake zones are designed to withstand shaking
Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates rub together, shaking the ground
Ask an adult what to do for safety during an earthquake if you live in an earthquake zone
Test different tower designs on the shaker table to see which withstands shaking best
Heavy weights on towers require stronger earthquake resistance
Soil re-hardens after liquefaction during an earthquake, trapping sunk structures
Friends can be used to make an impromptu table by leaning on each other's legs
Cooking structures out of different materials simulates building on different soil types
Transcripts
greetings science maximites my name is
phil and this is science max experiments
at large today we're going to be looking
at earthquakes
earthquakes
huh
today we're going to be looking at how
to build something
that was supposed to happen earlier
today we're going to be looking at how
to build something that stands up to the
shaking of an earthquake
earthquakes happen when two plates on
the earth's surface rub together and it
causes the ground to shake
it causes the ground to shake sometimes
it shakes a little sometimes it shakes a
lot chances are you do not live in a
place that has earthquakes but if you do
ask an adult what to do during an
earthquake so you can be safe
modern buildings that are built in
earthquake zones are designed to
withstand the shaking but how do
scientists and engineers build a
building that stands up to the shaking
of an earthquake
[Music]
well that's what we're going to be
looking at today first thing we have to
do is simulate an earthquake we're going
to build a shaker table and here's what
you need two books
two books four elastic bands and four
four rubber balls
oh wait
okay
four four rubber balls all right so the
first thing you do is actually take your
four elastic bands
and
wrap them around your books put one set
on one side one set on the other side
until you have that
then you take your four balls and you
stick them in between the books
in the middleish
area but you don't want to have them too
close to the edges and now two at the
back and tada you've made your own
shaker table what are you shaking you
ask i will show you you build a tower
like this one here that i built out of
building blocks so here's what you do
you'll need your base to be securely
attached to the shaker table i use
painter's tape because it'll come off
again without harming the books and what
i want to find out is just how much
shaking this tower can take
before it falls apart ready
[Music]
and there it goes and when you've done
that what you do is you be a science
maximite and you design another tower
and you tape it down to your shaker
table and see if you can make this tower
fall down in an earthquake and if you
built it really well you probably won't
but you don't have to just use building
blocks there's all kinds of other
materials you can use check out this
building
which is really tall and you'll see
there's a cup at the top and that's for
a baseball
put it up at the top and that means
there's a weight up there and then we
shake it and we see what happens oh
no oh
there it goes having a big weight on the
top of our tower means we need something
that will resist the movement of that
weight
so now we're going to start with a
triangle unlike a rectangle triangles
are very stable a wider base keeps the
structure from swaying too much and
cross braces in the middle mean that
there are other triangles within our
triangle all the better to resist
movement
thank you
after ann and i built our tower we added
the weight to the top secured it to the
base and tried it out
okay here we go
[Music]
it's looking good no problem
not twisting
it's not even leaning not even creaking
no it looks really good wow this one is
really solid as you can see this tower
is way more solid than our square tower
or the flexible tower
okay look at that like if that's not an
earthquake i don't know what is look at
that look at the way the ground is
moving
i don't know if we can shake it much
more than this
faster
our triangular tower is up past a level
of shaking that made the other towers
collapse
now it's time to max out the shaking
there's only one
level of shaking that we can do above
this what's that we shake from either
side
we give it all we have the floor was
bouncing from side to side the tower was
tilting and was totally solid it's still
holding strong
in fact ann and i wore out before the
building showed any signs of falling
over
i think we've done it
nice
nice
science max experiments at large
earthquake proof building i mean come on
that was impressive i like it friend's
coming over and i don't have a table but
that's okay i will make a table using my
friends this is an awesome experiment
you can do with four friends come on in
science friends i've got sam
and dylan and polly here to help me so
everybody turn to your left and sit
sideways on the chair and then scooch
the chairs into the middle
and then everybody leans back onto the
knees of the other person
and then this is why i said you need
four friends because you need the fifth
person to remove the chairs
oh
the reason why this works is because
everybody's weight is being supported on
the legs of the person next to them
okay we're gonna rotate it in a circle
everybody okay ready here we go rotating
rotating oh science table
hey we're pretty good at this
okay oh
oh no oh no
[Laughter]
so there you go awesome way to make a
table using your friends well done well
done
science
[Music]
another thing that happens during an
earthquake is soil liquefaction
liquefaction means something turns to
liquid in this case the very ground you
might be standing on here's how you can
experiment with soil liquefaction all
you need is a plastic container and some
water not very much barely enough to
cover the bottom of the container
because what you're going to put in next
is
sand
and you want to put it in there and
spread it around
just add enough sand so it just starts
to turn dry on the very last layer
so here is a house that i'm going to put
on top and now i will simulate an
earthquake
the water rises up
and it sort of turns
to liquid
soil liquefaction
and heavy things like houses and cars
they tend to sink like that and then the
soil re-hardens
and everybody's houses are stuck in the
mud
[Music]
being a chef is my absolute passion and
cooking up science recipes is my
speciality i'm busta beaker and this is
cooking with science
oh hello welcome to cooking with science
i'm busta beaker my tuna fish and
meatball sub soup is coming along quite
nicely but what will we have for dessert
i know how about earthquake buildings
haha it's a building made out of wafer
cookies but the people on vanilla street
built in the gelatin neighborhood and
the people on chocolate street built in
the crispy rice part of town
exciting now here comes the earthquake
oh no oh it's shaking oh
the shaking has come and gone for the
people on chocolate avenue and their
building is still standing now let's
take a look over here on vanilla street
and here comes an earthquake oh no oh
dear looks like the people on vanilla
street are going to have to rebuild
their building because it's all fallen
over and being eaten
delicious buildings can be built the
same way but the kind of soil they sit
on make a large difference if there's an
earthquake shaky wiggly soil or solid
non-moving soil so there you go an
experiment you can try at home
delicious well i'm boston beaker and
thank you for joining me on this episode
of cooking with science now to try my
soup
[Applause]
seismometer in 60 seconds
learning how to predict and measure
earthquakes is an important branch of
science the earth is shaking but which
way did the earthquake come from it's
all about measuring the vibrations and
to do that you need
a seismometer all you need is a ball
some paper cups some modeling clay
a pencil and science tape which is the
same thing as invisible tape except i
use this tape for science first take
your pencil and stick it straight down
into the modeling clay then you take
your cups and you arrange them in a
circle and take the cups down and that
goes right in the middle just like that
now what you do is you take the ball
and you carefully balance it on the
pencil now you have created a
seismometer
it will tell you what direction an
earthquake came from watch i will be the
earthquake ready
did you see that the ball fell into the
cup facing the direction that i hit the
table and now i'm gonna hit the table
from over here
yep it fell in the direction that i hit
the table okay let's try from over here
there you go your very own seismometer
that you can use to measure earthquakes
that you create on the table
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